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Hinckelmann Edition
The Hinckelmann edition is an Arabic Edition (book), edition of the Quran produced by the Germany, German Protestantism, Protestant Theology, theologian and Islamic studies, Islamologist Abraham Hinckelmann in Hamburg, 1694. This was the first time the Quran was printed in its entirety in Europe, and the original copy is still located in the Württembergische Landesbibliothek library in Stuttgart, Germany. Hinckelmann was able to produce this edition due to his ownership of at least six Quran manuscripts, as well as a total of over two-hundred oriental books and manuscripts, including over seventy in Arabic and over fifty in Persian language, Persian. Hinckelmann's edition was originally released under the Latin title ''Al-Coranus s. lex Islamitica Muhammedis, filii Abdallae pseudoprophetae''. Hinckelmann prefaced the Quranic text with a Polemic, polemical critique of Islam, and the edition ends with an extensive Erratum, errata list to help indicate that his edition was far from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edition (book)
The bibliographical definition of an edition includes all copies of a book printed from substantially the same setting of type, including all minor typographical variants. First edition According to the definition of ''edition'' above, a book printed today, by the same publisher, and from the same type as when it was first published, is still the ''first edition'' of that book to a bibliographer. However, book collectors generally use the term ''first edition'' to mean specifically the first print run of the first edition (aka "first edition, first impression"). Since World War II, books often include a number line ( printer's key) that indicates the print run. A "first edition" per se is not a valuable collectible book. A popular work may be published and reprinted over time by many publishers, and in a variety of formats. There will be a first edition of each, which the publisher may cite on the copyright page, such as: "First mass market paperback edition". The first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Languages Of Europe
Most languages of Europe belong to the Indo-European language family. Out of a total European population of 744 million as of 2018, some 94% are native speakers of an Indo-European language. Within Indo-European, the three largest phyla are Romance, Germanic, and Slavic, they have more than 200 million speakers each and together account for close to 90% of Europeans. Smaller phyla of Indo-European found in Europe include Hellenic ( Greek, 13 million), Baltic ( 7 million), Albanian ( 5 million), Celtic ( 4 million), Armenian ( 4 million) and Indo-Aryan (Romani, 1.5 million). Of the approximately 45 million Europeans speaking non-Indo-European languages, most speak languages within either the Uralic or Turkic families. Still smaller groups — such as Basque (language isolate), Semitic languages (Maltese language, Maltese, 0.5 million), and various languages of the Caucasus — account for less than 1% of the European population between them. Immigration has added siz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1694 In Religion
Events January–March * January 16 – Francesco Morosini, the Doge of Venice since 1688, dies after ruling the Republic for more than five years and a few months after an unsuccessful attempt to capture the island of Negropont from the Ottoman Empire during the Morean War. * January 18 – Sir James Montgomery of Scotland, who had been arrested on January 11 for conspiracy to restore King James to the throne, escapes and flees to France. * January 21 (January 11 O.S.) – The Kiev Academy, now the national university of Ukraine, receives official recognition by Tsar Ivan V of Russia. * January 28 – '' Pirro e Demetrio'', an opera by Alessandro Scarlatti, is given its first performance, debuting at the Teatro San Bartolomeo in Naples. The opera is adapted in 1708 in London as Pyrrhus and Demetrius and becomes the second most popular opera in 18th century London. * January 29 – French missionary Jean-Baptiste Labat arrives in the "New World", landing at the Caribbe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lex Mahumet Pseudoprophete
''Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete'' ( en, Law of Muhammad the pseudo-prophet/false prophet) is the translation of the Qur'an into Medieval Latin by Robert of Ketton ( 1110 – 1160 AD). It is the earliest translation of the Qur'an into a Western language.Steven W. Holloway, ed., ''Orientalism, Assyriology and the Bible'', Hebrew Bible Monographs, 10; Sheffield Phoenix Press, 2006; ; p. 3. "Scholarly Orientalism can be traced to the twelfth century, a complex product of medieval Western Christendom's growing engagement with Islam, widely misunderstood to be a Christian heresy, and an appetite for the treasures of the Islamic philosophical and mathematical tradition whetted by exposure to primary texts. Peter the Venerable, abbot of Cluny monastery in France, commissioned the first Latin translation of the Qur'ān, which was finished in 1143 by the Englishman Robert of Ketton." In 1142 Peter the Venerable persuaded Robert to join a team he was creating to translate Arabic works into Latin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of The Quran
History of the Quran is the timeline and origin of the written compilations or manuscripts of the holy book of Islam, based on historical findings. It spans several centuries, and forms an important major part of the early history of Islam. According to the traditional Muslim belief and Islamic scholarly accounts, the revelation of the Quran began in 610 AD when the angel Gabriel (believed to have been sent by God) appeared to Muhammad (a trader in the Western Arabian city of Mecca, which had become a sanctuary for pagan deities and an important trading center) in the cave of Hira., According to Islamic tradition, the revelations started one night during the month of Ramadan in 610 AD, when Muhammad, at the age of forty, received the first visit from the angel Gabriel, reciting to him the first verses of Surah Al-Alaq. Muslims believe that Muhammad continued to have revelations until his death in 632 AD. According to Islamic tradition, the Quran was first compiled ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gustav Leberecht Flügel
Gustav Leberecht Flügel (February 18, 1802 – July 5, 1870) was a German orientalist. Life After attending high school in his native city Flügel studied theology and philosophy in Leipzig. He soon discovered his passion for oriental languages, which he studied in Vienna and Paris. In 1832 he became a professor at the '' Fürstenschule'' (''Ducal'' or ''Princely school'') of St. Afra in Meissen. However, he resigned in 1850 on health grounds. From 1851 he worked at the ''Fürstenbibliothek'' in Vienna on the cataloguing of Arabic, Turkish and Persian manuscripts. In December 1857 he became a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg and, in 1859, a full member of the Saxon Academy of Sciences. In 1864 he was admitted as a foreign member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences. Flügel 's main work was the creation of a bibliographic and encyclopaedic lexicon of Haji Khalfa, with Latin translation (London and Leipzig, 1835-1858). Particular i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cairo Edition
The Cairo edition (, "the Amiri Mus'haf"), or the King Fu'ād Quran () or the Azhar Quran, is an edition of the Quran printed by the Amiri Press in the Bulaq district of Cairo on July 10, 1924. It is the first printed Quran to be accepted by a Muslim authority—Al-Azhar. The process of creating the Fu'ad Quran lasted 17 years, from 1907 to 1924, achieved with the support by Fuad I of Egypt and the supervision of Azhari scholars. It was regarded as an "official" Quran and was replicated by a number of following editions. History A committee of leading professors from Al-Azhar UniversityStefan Wild, "basmallah" ''The Quran: an Encyclopedia'', Routledge had started work on the project in 1907 but it was not until 10 July 1924 that the "Cairo Qur’an" was first published by Amiri Press under the patronage of Fuad I of Egypt,Brockett, Adrian Alan, Studies in two transmissions of the Qur'an'Peter G. RiddellEarly Malay Qur'anic exegical activity p. 164. Taken from ''Islam and the Mala ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flügel Edition
The Flügel edition is an edition of the Quran produced by the German orientalist Gustav Leberecht Flügel (1802–1870), first published in 1834 by the publishing house Tauchnitz in Leipzig. In 1842, Flügel also published a concordance to go along with his edition. More broadly, Flügel's efforts can be understood in the context of the rapid rise of the field of philology in the second half of the eighteenth century in Germany, which began in biblical studies before also expanding into the realm of Quranic studies. Although it was almost immediately recognized as inadequate primarily due to its splitting of verses and lack of consistently following any single one of the variant readings, the daunting task of producing another edition of the Quran from the thousands of available manuscripts and the lack of an alternative led to it being the standard edition used by Western researchers. For the time being, this allowed for consistency in the use of a reliable text and in te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Padua
Padua ( ; it, Padova ; vec, Pàdova) is a city and ''comune'' in Veneto, northern Italy. Padua is on the river Bacchiglione, west of Venice. It is the capital of the province of Padua. It is also the economic and communications hub of the area. Padua's population is 214,000 (). The city is sometimes included, with Venice (Italian ''Venezia'') and Treviso, in the Padua-Treviso-Venice Metropolitan Area (PATREVE) which has a population of around 2,600,000. Padua stands on the Bacchiglione River, west of Venice and southeast of Vicenza. The Brenta River, which once ran through the city, still touches the northern districts. Its agricultural setting is the Venetian Plain (''Pianura Veneta''). To the city's south west lies the Euganaean Hills, praised by Lucan and Martial, Petrarch, Ugo Foscolo, and Shelley. Padua appears twice in the UNESCO World Heritage List: for its Botanical Garden, the most ancient of the world, and the 14th-century Frescoes, situated in d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marracci Edition
The Marracci edition is an Arabic edition and Latin translation of the Quran from 1698. It was published in two volumes under the title ''Alcorani Textus Universus Arabicè et Latinè'' in Padua, Italy by Ludovico Marracci, an Italian Oriental scholar and professor of Arabic in the College of Wisdom at Rome. His version of the Qurʻan included a life of Muhammad, with notes, and refutations of Muslim doctrines. The introduction to the work was published several years earlier in 1691, in Latin, titled the ''Prodromus Ad Refutationem Alcoran''. Marracci published his Quran edition only four years after the publication of the Hinckelmann edition. Motivation and circumstances Marracci believed that for Christians to effectively rebut Islamic doctrine, they had to know it, which contributed to his desire to produce an Arabic edition and translation of the Quran. As such, it was not necessarily meant to be read by Muslims. However, Marracci's initial learning of Arabic came fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ludovico Maracci
Luigi Marracci (6 October 1612 – 5 February 1700), also known by Louis (or Ludovico) Maracci, was an Italian Oriental scholar and professor of Arabic in the College of Wisdom at Rome. He is chiefly known as the publisher and editor of Quran of Muhammad in Arabic. He is also well known for translating Quran in Latin, editing an Arabic Bible translation, and numerous other works. Biography He was born at Lucca in 1612. He had become a member of the Clerics Regular of the Mother of God of Lucca and learnt with reputed success in the study of non-European languages, especially Arabic. He was the Confessor of Pope Innocent XI. Pope appointed him as the professor of Arabic in the ''College of Wisdom'' - Sapienza University of Rome (in'' ''Italian,'' sapienza ''means wisdom), for his proficiency in that language. In 1665 he was part of the team that debunked the lead tablets of Granada. He later declined the promotion of being appointed to the rank of Cardinal of the Catholic Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
