|
Heshang Gong
Heshang Gong (also Ho-Shang Kung) is the reputed author of one of the earliest commentaries on the ''Tao Te Ching'' of Laozi to survive to modern times, which is dated to the latter part of the Han dynasty. While reputedly a reclusive Chinese hermit contemporary to Emperor Wen of Han (203/02 – 6 July 157 BCE), the commentaries attributed to Heshang Gong are in fact safely datable to around 130 CE. Little is known about the life of Heshang Gong; however the impact of his writing is extensive in regards to the understanding and translation of the Dao De Jing, and is considered one of the earliest proponents of Taoist meditative practices which cultivate the “ three treasures” of vitality, energy, and spirit, and the "dual cultivation" of spiritual nature () and life-and-destiny (). Biography Heshang Gong's name is only known as the epithet Riverside Elder (), being an early form of ''anshang'' 岸上, meaning on the bank or shore. What we know of Heshang Gong comes from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tao Te Ching
The ''Tao Te Ching'' () or ''Laozi'' is a Chinese classic text and foundational work of Taoism traditionally credited to the sage Laozi, though the text's authorship and date of composition and compilation are debated. The oldest excavated portion dates to the late 4th century BC. The ''Tao Te Ching'' is central to both philosophical and religious Taoism, and has been highly influential to Chinese philosophy and Religion in China, religious practice in general. It is generally taken as preceding the ''Zhuangzi (book), Zhuangzi'', the other core Taoist text.. Terminology originating within the text has been reinterpreted and elaborated upon by Legalism (Chinese philosophy), Legalist thinkers, Confucianists, and particularly Chinese Buddhists, introduced to China significantly after the initial solidification of Taoist thought. One of the most translated texts in world literature, the text is well known in the West.. Title In English, the title is commonly rendered ''Tao ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ge Xuan
Ge Xuan (164–244), courtesy name Xiaoxian, was a Chinese Taoist practitioner who lived during the eastern Han dynasty (25–220) and Three Kingdoms periods (220–280). He was the ancestor of Ge Hong and a resident of Danyang Commandery in the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. Ge Xuan's paternal grandnephew, Ge Hong, gave him the title "Ge Xuan Gong", which translates as "Immortal Lord" or "Transcendent Duke". Ge Hong wrote extensively about his great-uncle, and said that some alchemical texts from his '' Baopuzi'' originally came from him. Ge Xuan was described by his descendant, Ge Chaofu, as the first recipient of the Lingbao sacred scriptures. He is remembered as a member of the Chinese Ge family and a prominent figure in the early development of Taoism. Early life Ge Xuan was associated with a number of Taoist traditions. He belonged to a prominent family, and was considered intelligent. During his early childhood, Ge Xuan was an inquisitive stude ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Hermits
Chinese may refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people identified with China, through nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **Han Chinese, East Asian ethnic group native to China. **''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation ** List of ethnic groups in China, people of various ethnicities in contemporary China ** Ethnic minorities in China, people of non-Han Chinese ethnicities in modern China ** Ethnic groups in Chinese history, people of various ethnicities in historical China ** Nationals of the People's Republic of China ** Nationals of the Republic of China ** Overseas Chinese, Chinese people residing outside the territories of mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan * Sinitic languages, the major branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family ** Chinese language, a group of related languages spoken predominantly in China, sharing a written script (Chinese characters in traditional and simplified forms) *** Standard Chines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commentators
Commentator or commentators may refer to: * Commentator (historical) or Postglossator, a member of a European legal school that arose in France in the fourteenth century * Commentator (horse) (foaled 2001), American Thoroughbred racehorse * The Commentator or Ibn Rushd or Averroes (1126–1198), Andalusian philosopher *" The Commentators", a 1985 single by Rory Bremner *'' Oregon Commentator'', formerly a student publication at the University of Oregon * Political commentator or pundit * Sports commentator or sportscaster * ''The Commentator'', a political website published by Robin Shepherd * ''The Commentator'', formerly a student publication at Texas A&M University * ''The Commentator'', student newspaper at Yeshiva College See also * Color commentator, someone who assists the play-by-play commentator * Commentary (other) * Internet commentator (other) Internet commentator means a person who posts or publishes comments on the Internet. Internet commentato ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yinqueshan Han Slips
The Yinqueshan Han Slips () are ancient Chinese writing tablets from the Western Han dynasty, made of bamboo strips and discovered in 1972. The tablets contain many writings that were not previously known or shed new light on the ancient versions of classic texts. The Yinqueshan Han Tombs were accidentally unearthed by construction workers on April 10, 1972. Archaeologists arrived a few days later to excavate the site. The bamboo slips were discovered in Tombs no. 1 and 2 at the foot of Yinqueshan (), located southeast of the city of Linyi in the province of Shandong. Discovered in Tomb no. 1 were 4942 bamboo strips covered in closely written words and included portions of known texts, as well as a number of previously unknown military and divination texts, some of which were shown to resemble chapters in '' Guanzi'' and ''Mozi''. The occupant had been identified as a military officer bearing the surname Sima. Tomb no. 2, unearthed the same year, contained 32 strips of bamboo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guodian Chu Slips
The Guodian Chu Slips () were unearthed in October 1993 in Tomb no. 1 of the Guodian tombs in Jingmen, Hubei Province and dated to the latter half of the Warring States period. Scott Cook completed a study and translation of all the manuscript of this corpus. Background Tomb no. 1 is located in Jishan District's Guodian tomb complex, near Jingmen City in the village of Guodian. It is located just nine kilometers north of Ying, which was the ancient Chu capital from about 676 BC until 278 BC, before the State of Chu was overrun by Qin. Studies of the tomb's contents revealed its occupant to be an elderly noble scholar, and teacher to a royal prince. The prince has been identified as Crown Prince Heng, who later became King Qingxiang of Chu. Since King Qingxiang was the Chu king when Qin sacked their old capital Ying in 278 BC, the Chu slips are dated to around 300 BC. Content There are in total about 804 bamboo slips in this cache, including 702 strips and 27 broken strips. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xiang'er
The ''Xiang'er'' () is a commentary to the '' Daodejing'' that is best known for being one of the earliest surviving texts from the Way of the Celestial Master variant of Daoism. The meaning of the title is debated, but can be translated as 'thinking of you'. History The ''Xiang'er'' was likely written between 190 and 220 CE, a time when the Celestial Masters controlled a theocratic state in Sichuan. Early sources indicate that the text was written by Zhang Lu, the third Celestial Master and grandson to Zhang Daoling Zhang Daoling (, traditionally February 22, 34October 10, 156), birth name Zhang Ling (), courtesy name Fuhan (), was a Chinese Taoist religious leader who lived during the Eastern Han dynasty. He founded the Way of the Five Pecks of Rice ..., founder of the sect. The text available to us today was discovered in the Buddhist Mogao caves at Dunhuang in the early 20th century and was part of the trove that traveled to London along with Aurel Stein. How ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wang Bi
Wang Bi ( zh, 王弼; 226–249), courtesy name Fusi ( zh, 輔嗣), was a Chinese philosopher and politician. During his brief career, he produced commentaries on the ''Tao Te Ching'' and ''I Ching'' which were highly influential in Chinese philosophy. Life and background Wang Bi's grandfather Wang Kai (王凯) was a clansman of Wang Can, one of the Seven Scholars of Jian'an, while Wang Kai's wife was a daughter of the warlord Liu Biao. After Wang Can's two sons were implicated in Wei Feng's rebellion in 219 and executed, Wang Bi's father Wang Ye was made Wang Can's heir; Wang Ye also inherited Wang Can's library of about 10000 volumes (including books from Cai Yong's collection). Wang Bi served as a minor bureaucrat in the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. He died from an epidemic at the age of 23. Wang Bi's most important works are commentaries on Laozi's ''Tao Te Ching'' and the ''I Ching''. The text of the ''Tao Te Ching'' that appeared with his comme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ming Yun
''Ming yun'' () is a concept of the personal life and destiny in the Chinese folk religion. ''Ming'' means 'life', 'right', or 'destiny', and ''yun'' means 'circumstance' or 'individual choice'. ''Mìng'' is given and influenced by Tian 'heaven', akin to the Mandate of Heaven of monarchs as identified by Mencius. ''Ming yun'' is thus perceived as being both fixed, flexible, and open-ended.Lizhu, Na. 2013. p. 21 See also * ''Bao ying ''Bàoyìng'' ( zh, c=報應) is a concept of cosmic and moral reciprocity in the Chinese folk religion. It implies that people dwell in a moral universe, a universe that is kept ordained by mores, good actions, thus moral retribution is in fac ...'' * '' Yuanfen'' * '' Wu'' References Sources * Fan Lizhu, Chen Na. The Revival of Indigenous Religion in China'. Fudan University, 2013.{{China-reli-stub Concepts in Chinese folk religion Confucianism ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laozi
Laozi (), also romanized as Lao Tzu #Name, among other ways, was a semi-legendary Chinese philosophy, Chinese philosopher and author of the ''Tao Te Ching'' (''Laozi''), one of the foundational texts of Taoism alongside the ''Zhuangzi (book), Zhuangzi''. The name, literally meaning 'Old Master', was likely intended to portray an archaic anonymity that could converse with Confucianism. Modern scholarship generally regards his biographical details as later inventions, and his opus a collaboration. Traditional accounts addend him as , born in the 6th-centuryBC state of Chu during China's Spring and Autumn period (). Serving as the royal archivist for the Zhou dynasty, Zhou court at Wangcheng (Zhou dynasty), Wangcheng (modern Luoyang), he met and impressed Confucius () on one occasion, composing the ''Tao Te Ching'' in a single session before retiring into the western wilderness. A central figure in Chinese culture, Laozi is generally considered the founder of Taoism. He was cla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nature (philosophy)
Nature has two inter-related meanings in philosophy and natural philosophy. On the one hand, it means the set of all things which are natural, or subject to the normal working of the Physical law, laws of nature. On the other hand, it means the essence, essential properties and causes of individual things. How to understand the meaning and significance of nature has been a consistent theme of discussion within the history of Western Civilization, in the philosophy, philosophical fields of metaphysics and epistemology, as well as in theology and science. The study of natural things and the regular laws which seem to govern them, as opposed to discussion about what it means to be natural, is the area of natural science. The word "nature" derives from Latin ''wikt:natura#Latin, nātūra'', a philosophical term derived from the verb for birth, which was used as a translation for the earlier (pre-Socratic) ancient Greek, Greek term ''Physis, phusis'', derived from the verb for natural ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
