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Helmut Himpel
Helmut Himpel (14 September 1907 - 13 May 1943) was a German dentist and resistance fighter against Nazism. He was a member of the anti-fascist resistance group that was later called the Red Orchestra by the Abwehr. Himpel along with his fiancé Maria Terwiel were notable for distributing leaflets and pamphlets for the group. Specifically this included the July and August 1941 sermons of Clemens August Graf von Galen. The 2nd leaflet the couple posted, on ''Aktion T4'' denouncing the murders of the sick by ''euthanasia'', induced Hitler to stop the euthanasia murders and find other ways to do it. Life Himpel studied electrical engineering at the University of Karlsruhe and in 1926 became a member of the Germania fraternity there (now ''Karlsruher Burschenschaft Teutonia''). He then studied dentistry in Freiburg and Munich. During his studies, Himpel met his future fiancée Maria Terwiel. However, they were not allowed to marry due to the Nuremberg Laws as Terwiel was classe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schönau Im Schwarzwald
Schönau im Schwarzwald is a town in the district of Lörrach in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated in the Black Forest, on the river Wiese, northeast of Basel, Switzerland, and south of Freiburg. Mayors * 1945–1946: Albert Gutmann * 1946–1956: Karl Zimmermann * 1957–1977: Ludwig Morath (FWV) * 1977–1993: Richard Böhler (CDU) * 1993–2012: Bernhard Seger (CDU) * since 2012: Peter Schelshorn (CDU) Notable people from Schönau * Fridolin Dietsche (1861-1908), sculptor * Karl Geiler (1878-1953), legal scientist and politician * Albert Leo Schlageter (1894-1923), German Freikorps fighter * Joachim Löw (born 1960), German footballer and coach, from 1 August 2006 - 29 June 2021 Bundestrainer of the German national football team * Markus Löw Markus Löw (born 4 April 1961) is a former footballer who played as a midfielder or defender. He is the brother of Joachim Löw Joachim Löw (born 3 February 1960) is a German football coach and former pla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Graudenz
Wolfgang Kreher Johannes "John" Graudenz (12 November 1884 – 22 December 1942) was a German journalist, press photographer, industrial representative and resistance fighter against the Nazi regime. Graudenz was most notable for being an important member of the Berlin-based anti-fascist resistance group that would later be named by the Gestapo as the Red Orchestra and was responsible for the technical aspect of the production of leaflets and pamphlets that the group produced. Family Graudenz was the son of a saddler, and came from a large family with 10 siblings. Graudenz was married three times and also had an illegitimate daughter. In 1925, he married Antonie Wasmuth (died 1985), his third wife. She was the daughter of art publisher Ernst Wasmuth. Together they had two children, Silva and Karin. Life In 1901, aged 16 or 17, Graudenz left the family home after a quarrel with the father, to work in various German cities before travelling to England via Italy, France and Sw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liane Berkowitz
Liane Berkowitz (7 August 1923 – 5 August 1943) was a German resistance fighter and was most notable for being a member of the Berlin-based pro-Soviet resistance group that coalesced around Harro Schulze-Boysen, that was later called the Red Orchestra by the Abwehr. Arrested and sentenced to death, she was executed shortly after she gave birth to a daughter in custody. Life Liane Berkowitz was born in Berlin, the daughter of conductor Victor Vasilyev and the singing teacher Catherine Jewsienko. Shortly before her birth, her parents had fled the Soviet Union. When Liane's father died, her mother Catherine married Henry Berkowitz, who immediately adopted Liane in 1930. The family lived on Viktoria-Luise-Platz in the Schöneberg district. Henry Berkowitz reportedly emigrated abroad after his divorce in 1939. The fate of Liane's mother is unknown. Red Orchestra Liane was fluent in German and Russian. Henry arranged for her education at the private ''Heilsche Abendschule'' g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ursula Goetze
Ursula Goetze (29 March 1916 – 5 August 1943) was a Berlin student and resistance fighter, who participated in political opposition to the Nazi government in Germany. In May 1942, following involvement in a leafleting campaign, she was arrested and, some time later, sentenced to death. She died by decapitation with a guillotine. Life Provenance and early years Ursula Goetze was her parents' third recorded child, born into a middle-class family. Her father, Otto Goetze, ran a wallpaper factory. Later, her parents became hoteliers when Otto and Margarete Goetze took over the "Thüringer Hof" (hotel) in Berlin's Hedemannstraße ('' Hedemann Street''). Between 1922 and 1933 Ursula attended school in the Berlin quarters of Wilmersdorf and Neukölln. Unlike many fifteen year old schoolchildren, Goetze followed the political developments of the early 1930s with keen interest. Helped by like minded school friends and by her elder brother, Eberhard, she made contact with the Yo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lustgarten
The ' () is a park on Museum Island in central Berlin, near the site of the former () of which it was originally a part. At various times in its history, the park has been used as a parade ground, a place for mass rallies and a public park. The area of the Lustgarten was originally developed in the 16th century as a kitchen garden attached to the Palace, then the residence of the Elector of Brandenburg, the core of the later Kingdom of Prussia. After the devastation of Germany during the Thirty Years War, Berlin was redeveloped by Friedrich Wilhelm (the Great Elector) and his Dutch wife, Luise Henriette of Nassau. It was Luise, with the assistance of a military engineer Johann Mauritz and a landscape gardener Michael Hanff, who, in 1646, converted the former kitchen garden into a formal garden, with fountains and geometric paths, and gave it its current name. In 1713, Friedrich Wilhelm I became King of Prussia and set about converting Prussia into a militarised state. He ripp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Soviet Paradise
The Soviet Paradise (German original title "''Das Sowjet-Paradies''") was the name of an exhibition and a propaganda film created by the Department of Film of the propaganda organisation (''Reichspropagandaleitung'') of the German Nazi Party (NSDAP), and was displayed in the larger cities of the Reich and occupied countries: Vienna, Prague, Berlin and others. Its goal was to show "poverty, misery, depravity and need" of the nations in the Soviet Union under Jewish Bolshevist rule and thus to justify the war against the Soviet Union. The accompanying guide for the exhibition noted, "The present Soviet state is nothing other than the realization of that Jewish invention". The exhibition included entire households with its contents, transported from the Eastern Front, on display. The exhibition contained images of firing-squads and bodies of young girls, some still children, who had been hung and were dangling from ropes. From 8 May to 21 June 1942, the exhibition was in the Lustga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Sieg
John Sieg (February 3, 1903 – October 15, 1942) was an American-born German Communist railroad worker, journalist and resistance fighter, who publicized Nazi atrocities through the underground Communist press and fought against National Socialism in the German Resistance. He was a key member of the anti-fascist resistance group that was later called the Red Orchestra by the Gestapo. Biography John Sieg was born in Detroit, Michigan, the son of a mechanic. After the death of his father in 1912, he lived with his grandfather in Germany and became a German citizen in 1920."NS-Widerstandskämpfer/Innen" (click on name) Museum Lichterberg, official website. List of German Resistance fighters. Retrieved 7 April 2010. In the beginning of the 1920s, Sieg went to school to become a teacher, but when his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Rittmeister
John Friedrich Karl Rittmeister (21 August 1898–13 May 1943), often also abbreviated John F. Rittmeister, was a German neurologist, psychoanalyst and resistance fighter against Nazism. Rittmeister was a humanist and socialist who based his opposition to the Nazi state on moral grounds. He was known as a communist member of the anti-fascist resistance group that was later called the Red Orchestra by the Abwehr. Life John Rittmeister was born in Hamburg to a Hanseatic merchant family that had lived in Hamburg for generations and included politicians and artists. He was the eldest of three children. and had a younger brother called Wolfgang. As a child, he attended the Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums in Hamburg where he became interested in the philosophers Giordano Bruno and René Descartes. To fight against an perceived inner weakness, Rittmeister enlisted in the Germany army in 1917. He fought in last two years of World War I on the French Champagne and Italian high mountain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harro Shulze-Boysen
Heinz Harro Max Wilhelm Georg Schulze-Boysen (; Schulze, 2 September 1909 – 22 December 1942) was a left-wing German publicist and Luftwaffe officer during World War II. As a young man, Schulze-Boysen grew up in prosperous family with two siblings, with an extended family who were aristocrats. After spending his early schooling at the Heinrich-von-Kleist Gymnasium and his summers in Sweden, he part completed a political science course at the University of Freiburg, before moving to Berlin on November 1929, to study law at the Humboldt University of Berlin. At Humboldt he became an anti-nazi. After a visit to France in 1931, he moved to the political left. When he returned, he became a publicist on the "Der Gegner" (English: "The Opponent"), a left-leaning political magazine. In May 1932, he took control of the magazine, renamed as the "Gegner" (English: "opponent") but it was closed by the Gestapo in February 1933. In May 1933, Schulze-Boysen trained as a pilot and started ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mildred Harnack
Mildred Elizabeth Harnack ( Fish; September 16, 1902 – February 16, 1943) was an American literary historian, translator, and member of the German resistance against the Nazi regime. After marrying Arvid Harnack, she moved to Germany in 1929, where she began her career as an academic. Mildred Harnack spent a year at the University of Jena and the University of Giessen working on her doctoral thesis. At Giessen, she witnessed the beginnings of Nazism. Mildred Harnack became an assistant lecturer in English and American literature at the University of Berlin in 1931. In 1932, Mildred and her husband Arvid began to resist Nazism. Mildred nicknamed the underground resistance group they established "the Circle." Mildred and Arvid became friends with Louise and Donald Heath, who was First Secretary at the U.S. Embassy in Berlin, and to whom Mildred and Arvid passed intelligence from Arvid's position at the Reich Economics Ministry. Between 1935 and 1940, the couple's group, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arvid Harnack
Arvid Harnack (; 24 May 1901 in Darmstadt – 22 December 1942 in Berlin) was a German jurist, Marxism, Marxist economist, Communist, and German resistance to Nazism, German resistance fighter in Nazi Germany. Harnack came from an intellectual family and was originally a Humanism, humanist. He was strongly influenced by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe but progressively moved to a Marxist-Socialist outlook after a visit to the Soviet Union and the Nazis' appearance. After starting an undercover discussion group based at the Berlin Abendgymnasium, he met Harro Schulze-Boysen, who ran a similar faction. Like numerous groups in other parts of the world, the undercover political factions led by Harnack and Schulze-Boysen later developed into an espionage network that supplied military and economic intelligence to the Soviet Union. The group was later called the Red Orchestra (espionage), Red Orchestra (''Rote Kapelle'') by the Abwehr. He and his American-born wife, Mildred Harnack, Mildred Fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Libertas Schulze-Boysen
Libertas "Libs" Schulze-Boysen, born Libertas Viktoria Haas-Heye (20 November 1913 in Paris – 22 December 1942 in Plötzensee Prison ) was a German aristocrat and resistance fighter against the Nazis. From the early 1930s to 1940, Libs attempted to build a literary career, initially as a press officer and later as a writer and journalist. Initially sympathetic to the Nazis as her family had close links to the most senior levels of the regime, she changed her mind after meeting and marrying Luftwaffe officer Harro Schulze-Boysen. Starting in about 1935, the couple held regular discussion meetings with their friends, that would end as a party. As an aristocrat, Libs had contact with many different people in different strata of German society, which enabled her to recruit left-leaning members into the group. Through these discussions, resistance to the Nazi regime grew and by 1936, she and Harro began to actively resist the Nazis. During the early 1940s, Libs began to document ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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