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Helioscopos
''Helioscopos'' ( ) is an extinct genus of ardeosaurid lizard from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation of the United States. Discovery and naming The type specimen of ''Helioscopos'', given the designation DINO 15914 (previously DNM 15914), was discovered at Dinosaur National Monument from a locality called "Quarry #317". This locality is part of the famous and well-studied Morrison Formation in Utah. When the specimen was originally reported on in 1998, it was suggested to belong to the genus '' Paramacellodus'', which is known from throughout the Northern Hemisphere in the Late Jurassic. However, the specimen was re-examined in 2023 by a team of authors including Dalton Meyer, Chase Brownstein, Kelsey Jenkins, and Jacques Gauthier in the same publication that they named the new genus ''Limnoscansor''. This re-examination included CT-scanning the specimen, which was preserved in 3D, to study each of bone more thoroughly. Meyer and colleagues determined that the specimen d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2023 In Reptile Paleontology
This list of fossil reptiles described in 2023 is a list of new taxa of fossil reptiles that were binomial nomenclature, described during the year 2023, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to reptile paleontology that occurred in 2023. Squamates Squamate research * Redescription of ''Palaeogekko, Palaeogekko risgoviensis'' is published by Villa (2023), who confirms the validity of this species as a distinct taxon, and interprets it as a non-Eublepharidae, eublepharid Gekkonoidea, gekkonoid of uncertain affinities. * Thorn ''et al.'' (2023) describe new fossil material of ''Tiliqua frangens, Aethesia frangens'' from the Pleistocene of Australia, interpret it as a large-bodied (approximately 2.4 kg) blue-tongued skink, and transfer it to the genus ''Tiliqua''. * Lacertidae, Lacertid, blanid and Anguidae, anguid fossil material, including one of the oldest records of the genus ''Blanus'' reported to date, is described from the Early Miocene localities M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ardeosauridae
Ardeosauridae is an extinct family of lizards known from the Late Jurassic of Germany and North America and Early Cretaceous of Mongolia, with other potential species elsewhere from Europe and Asia over the same time period. The position of this family is debated; they are often recovered as gekkonomorphs, but other studies have found them to be basal squamates, whereas others have found them to be the basalmost members of the Scincoidea or Iguania. The following genera are known: * †'' Ardeosaurus'' Meyer, 1855 * ? †'' Chometokadmon'' Costa, 1864 * †'' Gurvelus'' Alifanov, 2019 * ''† Helioscopos'' Meyer et al. 2023 * †'' Limnoscansor'' Meyer et al. 2023 * ? †'' Palaeolacerta'' Cocude-Michel, 1961 * †?'' Schoenesmahl'' Conrad, 2018 * ? †'' Yabeinosaurus'' Endo and Shikama, 1942 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q17816559 Prehistoric reptile families † A dagger, obelisk, or obelus is a typographical mark that usually indicates a footnote if an aste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limnoscansor
''Limnoscansor'' (International Phonetic Alphabet, ) is an extinct genus of Ardeosauridae, ardeosaurid lizard from the Late Jurassic Solnhofen Limestone of Germany. Discovery and naming The holotype and only known specimen of ''Limnoscansor'', given the designation CM 4026, was discovered in Wintershof Quarry near Eichstätt in the rocks of the Solnhofen Limestone, a geological unit well-known for its exceptional preservation of small animals. It was originally named and described by Normal MacDowell Grier in the Annals of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History in 1914 as a new species of the rhynchocephalian ''Homeosaurus'', which is known from Solnhofen as well as other Jurassic-aged units. He gave it the species epithet, ''"digitatellus"'', in reference to the apparently fragile digits of the specimen, which appear to have been damaged some time after the animal died, but before it was fossilized.Grier N. 1914A new rhynchocephalian from the Jura of Solenhofen Ann Carnegie Mus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Jurassic
The Late Jurassic is the third Epoch (geology), epoch of the Jurassic Period, and it spans the geologic time scale, geologic time from 161.5 ± 1.0 to 143.1 ± 0.8 million years ago (Ma), which is preserved in Upper Jurassic stratum, strata.Owen 1987. In European lithostratigraphy, the name "Malm" indicates rocks of Late Jurassic age. In the past, ''Malm'' was also used to indicate the unit of geological time, but this usage is now discouraged to make a clear distinction between lithostratigraphic and geochronologic/chronostratigraphic units. Subdivisions The Late Jurassic is divided into three ages, which correspond with the three (faunal) stages of Upper Jurassic rock: Paleogeography During the Late Jurassic Epoch, Pangaea broke up into two supercontinents, Laurasia to the north, and Gondwana to the south. The result of this break-up was the emergence of the Atlantic Ocean, which initially was relatively narrow. Life forms This epoch is well known for many famous types of d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skull
The skull, or cranium, is typically a bony enclosure around the brain of a vertebrate. In some fish, and amphibians, the skull is of cartilage. The skull is at the head end of the vertebrate. In the human, the skull comprises two prominent parts: the neurocranium and the facial skeleton, which evolved from the first pharyngeal arch. The skull forms the frontmost portion of the axial skeleton and is a product of cephalization and vesicular enlargement of the brain, with several special senses structures such as the eyes, ears, nose, tongue and, in fish, specialized tactile organs such as barbels near the mouth. The skull is composed of three types of bone: cranial bones, facial bones and ossicles, which is made up of a number of fused flat and irregular bones. The cranial bones are joined at firm fibrous junctions called sutures and contains many foramina, fossae, processes, and sinuses. In zoology, the openings in the skull are called fenestrae, the most ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek (, ; ) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the classical antiquity, ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Greek Dark Ages, Dark Ages (), the Archaic Greece, Archaic or Homeric Greek, Homeric period (), and the Classical Greece, Classical period (). Ancient Greek was the language of Homer and of fifth-century Athens, fifth-century Athenian historians, playwrights, and Ancient Greek philosophy, philosophers. It has contributed many words to English vocabulary and has been a standard subject of study in educational institutions of the Western world since the Renaissance. This article primarily contains information about the Homeric Greek, Epic and Classical periods of the language, which are the best-attested periods and considered most typical of Ancient Greek. From the Hellenistic period (), Ancient Greek was followed by Koine Greek, which is regar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pineal Foramen
A parietal eye (third eye, pineal eye) is a part of the epithalamus in some vertebrates. The eye is at the top of the head; is photoreceptive; and is associated with the pineal gland, which regulates circadian rhythmicity and hormone production for thermoregulation. The hole that contains the eye is known as the pineal foramen or parietal foramen, because it is often enclosed by the parietal bones. The parietal eye was discovered by Franz Leydig, in 1872, from work with lizards. Discovery Franz Leydig, a professor of zoology at the University of Tübingen, dissected four species of European lizards—the slow worm ('' Anguis fragilis'') and three species of '' Lacerta''. in 1872; He found cup-like protrusions under the middles of their brains. He believed the protrusions to be glandular and called them frontal organs (German ''Stirnorgan''). In 1886, Walter Baldwin Spencer, an anatomist at the University of Oxford, reported the results of his dissection of 29 species of li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Museum Of Natural History
The American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) is a natural history museum on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City. Located in Theodore Roosevelt Park, across the street from Central Park, the museum complex comprises 21 interconnected buildings housing 45 permanent exhibition halls, in addition to a planetarium and a library. The museum collections contain about 32 million specimens of plants, animals, fungi, fossils, minerals, rocks, meteorites, human remains, and human cultural artifacts, as well as specialized collections for frozen tissue and genomic and astrophysical data, of which only a small fraction can be displayed at any given time. The museum occupies more than . AMNH has a full-time scientific staff of 225, sponsors over 120 special field expeditions each year, and averages about five million visits annually. The AMNH is a private 501(c)(3) organization. The naturalist Albert S. Bickmore devised the idea for the American Museum of Natural History in 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phrynocephalus Helioscopus
''Phrynocephalus helioscopus'', the sunwatcher toadhead agama, Fergana toad-headed agama, or sunwatcher, is a species of agamid lizard found in Kazakhstan, S Russia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Iraq, China, Mongolia, and Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort .... References helioscopus Reptiles described in 1771 Taxa named by Peter Simon Pallas {{Agamidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prefrontal Bone
The prefrontal bone is a bone separating the lacrimal and frontal bones in many tetrapod skulls. It first evolved in the sarcopterygian clade Rhipidistia, which includes lungfish and the Tetrapodomorpha. The prefrontal is found in most modern and extinct lungfish, amphibians and reptiles. The prefrontal is lost in early mammaliaforms and so is not present in modern mammals either. In dinosaurs The prefrontal bone is a very small bone near the top of the skull, which is lost in many groups of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaurs and is completely absent in their modern descendants, the bird Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class (biology), class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the Oviparity, laying of Eggshell, hard-shelled eggs, a high Metabolism, metabolic rate, a fou ...s. Conversely, a well developed prefrontal is considered to be a primitive feature in dinosaurs. The prefrontal makes contact with several other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandible
In jawed vertebrates, the mandible (from the Latin ''mandibula'', 'for chewing'), lower jaw, or jawbone is a bone that makes up the lowerand typically more mobilecomponent of the mouth (the upper jaw being known as the maxilla). The jawbone is the skull's only movable, posable bone, sharing Temporomandibular joint, joints with the cranium's temporal bones. The mandible hosts the lower Human tooth, teeth (their depth delineated by the alveolar process). Many muscles attach to the bone, which also hosts nerves (some connecting to the teeth) and blood vessels. Amongst other functions, the jawbone is essential for chewing food. Owing to the Neolithic Revolution, Neolithic advent of agriculture (), human jaws evolved to be Human jaw shrinkage, smaller. Although it is the strongest bone of the facial skeleton, the mandible tends to deform in old age; it is also subject to Mandibular fracture, fracturing. Surgery allows for the removal of jawbone fragments (or its entirety) as well a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maxilla
In vertebrates, the maxilla (: maxillae ) is the upper fixed (not fixed in Neopterygii) bone of the jaw formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones. In humans, the upper jaw includes the hard palate in the front of the mouth. The two maxillary bones are fused at the intermaxillary suture, forming the anterior nasal spine. This is similar to the mandible (lower jaw), which is also a fusion of two mandibular bones at the mandibular symphysis. The mandible is the movable part of the jaw. Anatomy Structure The maxilla is a paired bone - the two maxillae unite with each other at the intermaxillary suture. The maxilla consists of: * The body of the maxilla: pyramid-shaped; has an orbital, a nasal, an infratemporal, and a facial surface; contains the maxillary sinus. * Four processes: ** the zygomatic process ** the frontal process ** the alveolar process ** the palatine process It has three surfaces: * the anterior, posterior, medial Features of the maxilla include: * t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
