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Hectochlorin
Hectochlorin is a lipopeptide that exhibits potent antifungal activity against ''Candida albicans, C. albicans'' and a number of plants pathogens, as well as inhibiting growth of human cell lines by hyperpolymerization of actin. It was originally isolated from the filamentous cyanobacterium ''Moorea producens'' JHB, collected from Hector Bay, Jamaica, 1996, which is a strain also known for being the producer of other two potent biomolecules named Jamaicamide A and Cryptomaldamide. Due to its activity against plants pathogens, synthetic efforts elucidated the compound’s total synthesis in 2002. ''Moorea'' species are normally the main component of the dietary of some sea hares, which concentrate the cyanobacterial metabolites as a mechanism of defense from predators. Therefore, in 2005, hectochlorin was re-isolated from the Thai sea hare ''Bursatella leachii'', along with a new analogue, deacetylhectochlorin.Suntornchashwej, S., Chaichit, N., Isobe, M. & Suwanborirux, K. Hectochlor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lipopeptide
A lipopeptide is a molecule consisting of a lipid connected to a peptide. They are able to self-assemble into different structures. Many bacteria produced these molecules as a part of their metabolism, especially those of the genus '' Bacillus'', '' Pseudomonas'' and '' Streptomyces''. Certain lipopeptides are used as antibiotics. Other lipopeptides are toll-like receptor Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system. They are single-pass membrane-spanning receptors usually expressed on sentinel cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells, that recogniz ... agonists. Certain lipopeptides can have strong antifungal and hemolytic activities. It has been demonstrated that their activity is generally linked to interactions with the plasma membrane, and sterol components of the plasma membrane could play a major role in this interaction. It is a general trend that adding a lipid group of a certain length (typically C10� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reverse Transcriptase
A reverse transcriptase (RT) is an enzyme used to generate complementary DNA (cDNA) from an RNA template, a process termed reverse transcription. Reverse transcriptases are used by viruses such as HIV and hepatitis B to replicate their genomes, by retrotransposon mobile genetic elements to proliferate within the host genome, and by eukaryotic cells to extend the telomeres at the ends of their linear chromosomes. Contrary to a widely held belief, the process does not violate the flows of genetic information as described by the classical central dogma, as transfers of information from RNA to DNA are explicitly held possible. Retroviral RT has three sequential biochemical activities: RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity, ribonuclease H (RNase H), and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity. Collectively, these activities enable the enzyme to convert single-stranded RNA into double-stranded cDNA. In retroviruses and retrotransposons, this cDNA can then integrate into the host geno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cysteine
Cysteine (symbol Cys or C; ) is a semiessential proteinogenic amino acid with the formula . The thiol side chain in cysteine often participates in enzymatic reactions as a nucleophile. When present as a deprotonated catalytic residue, sometimes the symbol Cyz is used. The deprotonated form can generally be described by the symbol Cym as well. The thiol is susceptible to oxidation to give the disulfide derivative cystine, which serves an important structural role in many proteins. In this case, the symbol Cyx is sometimes used. When used as a food additive, it has the E number E920. Cysteine is encoded by the codons UGU and UGC. The sulfur-containing amino acids cysteine and methionine are more easily oxidized than the other amino acids. Structure Like other amino acids (not as a residue of a protein), cysteine exists as a zwitterion. Cysteine has chirality in the older / notation based on homology to - and -glyceraldehyde. In the newer ''R''/''S'' system of de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KS Extension
KS and variants may refer to: Businesses and organizations * , a German postwar commando frogman force * , a Norwegian type of company * Norwegian Association of Local and Regional Authorities * PenAir, Peninsula Airways, Anchorage, Alaska, US (IATA airline code) Language * Kashmiri language, a Dardic language of Kashmir (ISO 639 alpha-2 language code "ks") * Kernowek Standard, an orthography for Revived Cornish * Kiasu, Hokkien (a Chinese spoken variant) word for 'extreme fear of losing' (怕输) * Sound of the Latin letter X in many languages Places * Kansas (US postal abbreviation KS) * South Kalimantan, Indonesia (ISO 3166-2 province code) * Krems an der Donau, Austria (vehicle plate code) * Kassel, Germany (vehicle plate code) * Khatumo State, an unrecognised proto-state in northern Somalia * Northampton, Great Britain (vehicle plate code) * Košice-okolie District, Slovakia (vehicle plate code) Science, technology, and mathematics * Kaposi's sarcoma, a tumor caused by Hum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Curacin A
Curacin A is a hybrid polyketide synthase (PKS)/Nonribosomal peptide, nonribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS) derived natural product produced isolated from the cyanobacterium ''Lyngbya majuscula''. Curacin A belongs to a family of natural products including jamaicamide, mupirocin, and pederin that have an unusual terminal alkene. Additionally, Curacin A contains a notable thiazoline ring and a unique cyclopropyl moiety, which is essential to the compound's biological activity. Curacin A has been characterized as potent antiproliferative cytotoxic compound with notable anticancer activity for several cancer lines including renal, colon, and breast cancer. Curacin A has been shown to interact with colchicine binding sites on tubulin, which inhibits microtubule polymerization, an essential process for cell division and proliferation. Biosynthesis The synthetic enzymes for Curacin A are found in a gene cluster with 14 open reading frames (ORFs) with the nomenclature CurA through Cur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxoglutarate
Ketoglutaric acid or oxoglutaric acid, or its conjugate base, the carboxylate ketoglutarate or oxoglutarate, may refer to the following chemical compounds: * α-Ketoglutaric acid, an intermediate in the citric acid cycle The citric acid cycle (CAC)—also known as the Krebs cycle or the TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle)—is a series of chemical reactions to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and prote ... * β-Ketoglutaric acid (acetonedicarboxylic acid or 3-oxoglutaric acid) {{Chemistry index ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
