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Haroutune Kalayan
Haroutune Kalayan (June 2, 1908 – December 21, 2003) was an Armenian-Lebanese archaeologist and engineer known for his contributions to the preservation and restoration of ancient sites in the Middle East. Early life and education Kalayan was born in 1908 in Aintab, Türkiye. In 1915, during the Armenian genocide, his older brother and father were massacred, forcing him to move with his mother and brother to Aleppo in Syria. He attended Aleppo College. Later, he enrolled at the American University of Beirut where he graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Engineering in 1946. Career In 1937, Kalayan married Berjouhie Shirajian and moved to Cyprus, where he taught at the Melkonian College for several years. After Lebanon gained its independence, he returned to Beirut and was the chief engineer of the Lebanese Department of Antiquities. Concurrently, he taught part-time at AUB’s Faculty of Engineering and Architecture. Kalayan is known for his restoration work on ancient ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armenians In Lebanon
Armenians have lived in Lebanon for centuries. According to Minority Rights Group International, there are 156,000 Armenians in Lebanon, around 4% of the population. Prior to the Lebanese Civil War, the number was higher, but the community lost a portion of its population to emigration. Lebanon experienced a significant migration of Armenian refugees primarily between 1918 and 1920, seeking sanctuary from the Armenian genocide carried out by Ottoman Empire, Ottoman authorities. These refugees established Bourj Hammoud, a suburb east of Beirut, in the site of what was then a swampy marshland. Another wave of migration occurred in 1939, as refugees fleeing the Turkish annexation of Sanjak of Alexandretta, Alexandretta founded the town of Anjar, Lebanon, Anjar in the Beqaa Valley, Beqaa region. The Armenian population gradually grew and expanded until Beirut (and Lebanese towns like Anjar) became a center of Armenian culture. The Armenians became one of Lebanon's most prominent and p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaeology
Archaeology or archeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of Artifact (archaeology), artifacts, architecture, biofact (archaeology), biofacts or ecofacts, archaeological site, sites, and cultural landscapes. Archaeology can be considered both a social science and a branch of the humanities. It is usually considered an independent academic discipline, but may also be classified as part of anthropology (in North America – the four-field approach), history or geography. The discipline involves Survey (archaeology), surveying, Archaeological excavation, excavation, and eventually Post excavation, analysis of data collected, to learn more about the past. In broad scope, archaeology relies on cross-disciplinary research. Archaeologists study human prehistory and history, from the development of the first stone tools at Lomekwi in East Africa 3.3 million years ago up until recent decades. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaziantep
Gaziantep, historically Aintab and still informally called Antep, is a major city in south-central Turkey. It is the capital of the Gaziantep Province, in the westernmost part of Turkey's Southeastern Anatolia Region and partially in the Mediterranean Region. It is located approximately east of Adana and north of Aleppo, Syria and situated on the Sajur River. The city is thought to be located on the site of ancient Antiochia ad Taurum and is near ancient Zeugma. Sometime after the Byzantine-ruled city came under the Seljuk Empire, the region was administered by Armenian warlords. In 1098, it became part of the County of Edessa, a Crusader state, though it continued to be administered by Armenians, such as Kogh Vasil. Aintab rose to prominence in the 14th century as the fortress became a settlement, hotly contested by the Mamluk Sultanate, Dulkadirids, and the Ilkhanate. It was besieged by Timur in 1400 and the Aq Qoyunlu in 1420. The Dulkadirid-controlled city fel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armenian Genocide
The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenians, Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was implemented primarily through the mass murder of around one million Armenians during death marches to the Syrian Desert and the Forced conversion, forced Islamization of others, primarily women and children. Before World War I, Armenians occupied a somewhat protected, but subordinate, place in Ottoman society. Large-scale massacres of Armenians had occurred Hamidian massacres, in the 1890s and Adana massacre, 1909. The Ottoman Empire suffered a series of military defeats and territorial losses—especially during the 1912–1913 Balkan Wars—leading to fear among CUP leaders that the Armenians would seek independence. During their invasion of Caucasus campaign, Russian and Persian campaign (World War I), Persian territory in 1914, Special Organization (Ottoman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aleppo
Aleppo is a city in Syria, which serves as the capital of the Aleppo Governorate, the most populous Governorates of Syria, governorate of Syria. With an estimated population of 2,098,000 residents it is Syria's largest city by urban area, and was the largest by population until it was surpassed by Damascus, the capital of Syria. Aleppo is also the largest city in Syria's Governorates of Syria, northern governorates and one of the List of largest cities in the Levant region by population, largest cities in the Levant region. Aleppo is one of List of cities by time of continuous habitation#West Asia, the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world; it may have been inhabited since the sixth millennium BC. Excavations at Tell as-Sawda and Tell al-Ansari, just south of the old city of Aleppo, show that the area was occupied by Amorites by the latter part of the third millennium BC. That is also the time at which Aleppo is first mentioned in cuneiform tablets unearthed in Ebl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aleppo College
Aleppo College (; also called Aleppo American College) is a junior college. It awards high school degrees at the tenth grade. And up to 1964, it awarded freshman and sophomore classes in arts, engineering and medicine at the 11th and 12th Grades. It is based in the Syrian city of Aleppo since 1923. The roots of the college are traced back to the Central Turkey College of Aintab founded between 1874 and 1876 by the American Board of Commissioners and Foreign Missions in the Ottoman Empire to serve the large number of Christian Armenian population in the region. History The students of the Aintab College were largely Armenians -mainly Protestant Armenians-, but non-Armenians also attended. As a result of the massacres of the Armenians during the 1915 Armenian genocide, the college was transferred to the Syrian city of Aleppo through the efforts of its director John E. Merrill (1898–1937) where it became known as Aleppo College or the Aleppo American College and functioned as a hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American University Of Beirut
The American University of Beirut (AUB; ) is a private, non-sectarian, and independent university chartered in New York with its main campus in Beirut, Lebanon. AUB is governed by a private, autonomous board of trustees and offers programs leading to bachelor's, master's, MD, and PhD degrees. AUB has an operating budget of $423 million with an endowment of approximately $768 million. The campus is composed of 64 buildings, including the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC, formerly known as AUH – American University Hospital) (420 beds), four libraries, three museums and seven dormitories. Almost one-fifth of AUB's students attended secondary school or university outside Lebanon before coming to AUB. AUB graduates reside in more than 120 countries worldwide. The language of instruction is English. Degrees awarded at the university are officially registered with the New York Board of Regents. History On January 23, 1862, W. M. Thomson proposed to a m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melkonian College
Melkonian or Melkonyan () is a common family name of Armenian origin, literally meaning "son of Melkon" ("Melkon" is an Armenian given name). It may refer to: People * Ashot Melkonian (1930–2009), Armenian artist * Babken Melkonyan (born 1980), Armenian snooker and pool player * Gennadi Melkonian (1944–2002), Soviet and Armenian film director * James Melkonian, screenwriter and film director * Lois Melkonian, former radio host and colleague of Dave Logan * Markar Melkonian, scholar, brother of Monte Melkonian * Melkon Melkonian, vice president of the Bulgarian Supreme Court * Michael Melkonian (born 1948), German botanist * Monte Melkonian (1957–1993), Armenian military commander * Philippe Melkonian, musician, Clearlight bandmember * Samvel Melkonyan (born 1984), Armenian football player * Sirak Melkonian (1930–2024), Iranian-Armenian modernist painter * Vartan Melkonian, British conductor of Lebanese-Armenian origin * Harry Melkonian, Armenian American Law Profe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Directorate General Of Antiquities
The Directorate General of Antiquities (DGA; ) is a Lebanese government directorate, technical unit of the Ministry of Culture Ministry of Culture may refer to: * Ministry of Tourism, Cultural Affairs, Youth and Sports (Albania) * Ministry of Culture (Algeria) * Ministry of Culture (Argentina) * Minister for the Arts (Australia) * Ministry of Culture (Azerbaijan)Ministry o ... and is responsible for the protection, promotion and excavation activities in all sites of national heritage in Lebanon. Sarkis Khoury is the Director General with other staff including Joumana Nakhle and Laure Salloum. Organization The Directorate General is split into several different direct directorates including: * Directorate of Archaeological Monuments and Built Heritage is responsible for surveys of sites, landmarks, monuments and buildings of archaeological, scientific, geometrical or artistic value, either above or below ground, standing, vanished, scattered or in territorial waters. The directora ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Said Akl
Said Akl (; 4 July 1911 – 28 November 2014) was a Lebanese poet, linguist, philosopher, writer, playwright and language reformer. He is considered one of the most important Lebanese poets of the modern era. He is most famous for his advocacy on behalf of codifying the spoken Lebanese Arabic language as competency distinct from Standard Arabic, to be written in a modern modified Roman script consisting of 36 symbols that he deemed an evolution of the Phoenician alphabet. Despite this, he contributed to several literary movements (primarily, symbolism (arts), symbolism) in Modern Standard Arabic, producing some of the masterpieces of modern Arabic Belles-lettres, belle lettres. Akl aligned himself with Lebanese nationalism, and was one of the founding members of the Lebanese Renewal Party in 1972. The party, characterized by its Phoenicianism, pro-Phoenicianism stance, aimed to distance Lebanon from Pan-Arabism. His views found support within the Guardians of the Cedars movement. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Department Of Antiquities (Jordan)
The Department of Antiquities () is a government department in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan with responsibility for Archaeology, archaeological research and cultural heritage management. It is part of the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities. The Department was established in 1923 in what was then the Emirate of Transjordan, a protectorate of the British Empire. Its responsibilities are legislated for in laws no. 24 of 1934, no. 21 of 1988 and no. 22 of 2004. The Department has organised an international conference on the history and archaeology of Jordan every three years since 1980. Historical background Initially part of the Department of Palestinian Antiquities, the Department of Antiquities was formed to collect and safeguard antiquities scattered across Jordan. The legal framework governing its operations was established through Law No. 21 in 1988, which defines antiquities as any human-made object predating 1700 AD, encompassing a wide range of artifacts including sculp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1908 Births
This is the longest year in either the Julian or Gregorian calendars, having a duration of 31622401.38 seconds of Terrestrial Time (or ephemeris time), measured according to the definition of mean solar time. Events January * January 1 – The British ''Nimrod'' Expedition led by Ernest Shackleton sets sail from New Zealand on the ''Nimrod'' for Antarctica. * January 3 – A total solar eclipse is visible in the Pacific Ocean and is the 46th solar eclipse of Solar Saros 130. * January 13 – A fire breaks out at the Rhoads Opera House in Boyertown, Pennsylvania, killing 171 people. * January 15 – Alpha Kappa Alpha, the first race inclusive sorority is founded on the campus of Howard University in Washington, D.C. * January 24 – Robert Baden-Powell's '' Scouting for Boys'' begins publication in London. The book eventually sells over 100 million copies, and effectively begins the worldwide Boy Scout movement. February * February 1 – Lisbon Regicide: Ki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
