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Haplopelma
''Cyriopagopus'' is a genus of southeast Asian tarantulas found from Myanmar to the Philippines. , the genus includes species formerly placed in ''Haplopelma''. It was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1887. Description The species formerly placed in ''Haplopelma'' are medium to large spiders; for example, ''Cyriopagopus schmidti'' females have a total body length, including chelicerae, up to , with the longest leg, the first, being about long. The carapace (upper surface of the cephalothorax) is generally dark brown. They have eight eyes grouped on a distinctly raised portion of the cephalothorax, forming a "tubercle". The forward-facing (prolateral) sides of the maxillae have "thorns", which act as a stridulating organ. The first leg is usually the longest, followed by the fourth, second, and third. Mature females have an M-shaped spermatheca. Mature males have a spur on the forward-facing sides of the tibiae of the first pair of legs and a pear-shaped palpal b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyriopagopus Lividus
The cobalt blue tarantula or ''Cyriopagopus lividus'' is a species of tarantula which is in the family Theraphosidae which is native to Myanmar and over the border into Thailand. It was originally described as ''Haplopelma lividum''. Description The cobalt blue tarantula is a medium-sized tarantula with a leg span around 13 cm (5 in). It is noted for its iridescent blue legs and light gray prosoma and opisthosoma, the latter of which may contain darker gray chevrons. Males and females look the same until the ultimate (final) molt of the males. At this point, the male exhibits sexual dimorphism in the form of a light tan or bronze coloration and legginess. Additionally, males gain a palpal bulb on the pedipalps and tibial apophyses (mating hooks). The female eventually becomes larger than the male and lives years longer. The cobalt blue tarantula is a fossorial A fossorial () animal is one adapted to digging which lives primarily, but not solely, underground. Some ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyriopagopus Schmidti
''Cyriopagopus schmidti'' is a species of spider in the family Theraphosidae (tarantulas), found in China and Vietnam. It is one of a number of species known as "Chinese bird spider" and "Chinese earth tiger". ''Haplopelma huwenum'' was synonymized with this species in 2008. Spiders under this name and its synonyms have been shown to produce toxins called huwentoxins. Description ''Cyriopagopus schmidti'' resembles '' C. hainanus'', but can be distinguished by its dark yellow-brown body and the shorter length of the "thorns" on the forward-facing (prolateral) sides of the maxillae. The carapace (upper surface of the cephalothorax) is dark yellow-brown; the abdomen is similarly coloured, with black stripes running across it and a black stripe down the centre of the upper surface. The female has been described as one of the largest Asian spiders, and is said to be able to live up to 30 years. It is between 53 and 85 mm long (body plus chelicerae). The first leg is longe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hainantoxin
Hainantoxins (HNTX) are neurotoxins from the venom of the Chinese bird spider ''Haplopelma hainanum''. Hainantoxins specifically inhibit tetrodotoxin-sensitive Voltage-gated sodium channels, thereby causing blockage of neuromuscular transmission and paralysis. Currently, 13 different hainantoxins are known (HNTX-I – HNTX-XIII), but only HNTX-I, -II, -III, -IV and -V have been investigated in detail. Sources HNTX-I, HNTX-III, HNTX-IV and HNTX-V are made by the Chinese bird spider ''Haplopelma hainanum'' (=''Ornithoctonus hainana'', ''Selenocosmia hainana''). Chemistry Structure Hainantoxins I, III, IV and V show high homology, including the presence of three disulfide bonds that form an inhibitor cysteine knot (ICK) motif. HNTX-I The main component of the venom of ''O. hainana'' is HNTX-I. It has 33 amino acid residues, with a total molecular weight of 3605-3608 Da. HNTX-I contains a short triple-stranded anti-parallel beta-sheet and four beta-turns. The amino acid residues ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyriopagopus Hainanus
''Cyriopagopus hainanus'' is a species of spider in the family Theraphosidae (tarantulas), found in China. It is one of a number of species from China and Vietnam known as "Chinese bird spider". It produces a venom containing numerous compounds capable of blocking neurotransmitters, including neurotoxic peptides called hainantoxins. Description ''Cyriopagopus hainanus'' resembles '' C. schmidti'', but can be distinguished by its dark black-brown body and the longer "thorns" on the forward-facing (prolateral) side of the maxillae. The carapace (upper surface of the cephalothorax is black-brown, the sternum (under surface of the cephalothorax) is red-brown; and the abdomen is dark brown, with six black stripes running across it and a black stripe down the centre of the upper surface. The female is about 60 mm long (body plus chelicerae). The first leg is longest, at about 67 mm, the third being the shortest, at about 51 mm. The spermatheca is M-shaped. The male ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theraphosidae
Tarantulas comprise a group of large and often hairy spiders of the family Theraphosidae. , 1,040 species have been identified, with 156 genera. The term "tarantula" is usually used to describe members of the family Theraphosidae, although many other members of the same infraorder (Mygalomorphae) are commonly referred to as "tarantulas" or "false tarantulas". Some of the more common species have become popular in the exotic pet trade. Many New World species kept as pets have setae known as urticating hairs that can cause irritation to the skin, and in extreme cases, cause damage to the eyes. Overview Like all arthropods, the tarantula is an invertebrate that relies on an exoskeleton for muscular support.Pomeroy, R. (2014, February 4). Pub. Real Clear Science, "Spiders, and Their Amazing Hydraulic Legs and Genitalia". Retrieved October 13, 2019, from https://www.realclearscience.com/blog/2013/02/spiders-their-amazing-hydraulic-legs-and-genitals.html. Like other Arachnida, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Omothymus
''Omothymus'' is a genus of spiders in the family Theraphosidae, found in Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore. Description This genus can be distinguished from others thanks to their reproductive organs. They can be distinguished from ''Phormingochilus'' by the pointed apex of the embolus. They can also be distinguished by the length of leg 1 and 4, and by their distribution, being found in Malaysia, Singapore and Sumatra, Indonesia. Species , the World Spider Catalog accepted the following species: * ''Omothymus fuchsi'' Strand, 1906 - Indonesia * ''Omothymus rafni'' Gabriel & Sherwood, 2019 - Indonesia * ''Omothymus schioedtei'' Thorell, 1891 (type species) - Malaysia * '' Omothymus violaceopes'' Abraham, 1924 - Malaysia and Singapore In synonymy ''Omothymus thorelli'' Simon, 1901 = ''Omothymus schioedtei ''Omothymus'' is a genus of spiders in the family Theraphosidae, found in Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore. Description This genus can be distinguished from o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New World
The term ''New World'' is often used to mean the majority of Earth's Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas."America." ''The Oxford Companion to the English Language'' (). McArthur, Tom, ed., 1992. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 33: "[16c: from the feminine of ''Americus'', the Latinized first name of the explorer Amerigo Vespucci (1454–1512). The name ''America'' first appeared on a map in 1507 by the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller, referring to the area now called Brazil]. Since the 16c, a name of the western hemisphere, often in the plural ''Americas'' and more or less synonymous with ''the New World''. Since the 18c, a name of the United States of America. The second sense is now primary in English: ... However, the term is open to uncertainties: ..." The term gained prominence in the early 16th century, during Europe's Age of Discovery, shortly after the Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci concluded that America (now often called ''th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urticating Hair
Urticating hairs or urticating bristles are one of the primary defense mechanisms used by numerous plants, almost all New World tarantulas, and various lepidopteran caterpillars. ''Urtica'' is Latin for "nettle" (stinging nettles are in the genus '' Urtica''), and bristles that urticate are characteristic of this type of plant, and many other plants in several families. This term also refers to certain types of barbed bristles that cover the dorsal and posterior surface of a tarantula's or caterpillar's abdomen. Many tarantula species eject bristles from their abdomens, directing them toward potential attackers. These bristles can embed themselves in the other animal's skin or eyes, causing physical irritation, usually to great discomfort. The term urticating hairs is a misnomer, as technically only mammals possess true hairs. In plants The most common form of urticating hairs in plants are typified by nettles, which possess sharp-pointed hollow bristles seated on a gland th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Spider Catalog
The World Spider Catalog (WSC) is an online searchable database concerned with spider taxonomy. It aims to list all accepted families, genera and species, as well as provide access to the related taxonomic literature. The WSC began as a series of individual web pages in 2000, created by Norman I. Platnick Norman Ira Platnick (December 30, 1951 – April 8, 2020) was an American biological systematist and arachnologist. At the time of his death, he was a professor emeritus of the Richard Gilder Graduate School and Peter J. Solomon Family Curator Em ... of the American Museum of Natural History. After Platnick's retirement in 2014, the Natural History Museum of Bern (Switzerland) took over the catalog, converting it to a relational database. , 50,151 accepted species were listed. The order Araneae (spiders) has the seventh-most species of all orders. The existence of the World Spider Catalog makes spiders the largest taxon with an online listing that is updated regularly. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type Species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen(s). Article 67.1 A similar concept is used for suprageneric groups and called a type genus. In botanical nomenclature, these terms have no formal standing under the code of nomenclature, but are sometimes borrowed from zoological nomenclature. In botany, the type of a genus name is a specimen (or, rarely, an illustration) which is also the type of a species name. The species name that has that type can also be referred to as the type of the genus name. Names of genus and family ranks, the various subdivisions of those ranks, and some higher-rank names based on genus names, have such types. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type (biology)
In biology, a type is a particular wiktionary:en:specimen, specimen (or in some cases a group of specimens) of an organism to which the scientific name of that organism is formally attached. In other words, a type is an example that serves to anchor or centralizes the defining features of that particular taxon. In older usage (pre-1900 in botany), a type was a taxon rather than a specimen. A taxon is a scientifically named grouping of organisms with other like organisms, a set (mathematics), set that includes some organisms and excludes others, based on a detailed published description (for example a species description) and on the provision of type material, which is usually available to scientists for examination in a major museum research collection, or similar institution. Type specimen According to a precise set of rules laid down in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) and the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Selenocosmia
''Selenocosmia'' is a genus of tarantulas that was first described by Anton Ausserer in 1871. The genus is found in China, New Guinea, Indonesia, Australia, Indonesia, Myanmar, Malaysia, Laos, Vietnam, Philippines, India and Pakistan. They are commonly referred to as whistling or barking spiders, due to their ability to stridulate using lyra hairs. Diagnosis In a 2022 paper it was stated that "They can be distinguished from all other tarantula genera by the reduced and shallow apical keel. There is also an absence of dense tufts of retrolateral bristlelike hairs on the tibia and metatarsus of the fourth leg. They stridulate using the maxillae which have lyra hairs, which look somewhat like a scimitar.", citing another article from the previous year. However neither study compare against all Selenocosmia species, therefore it is unknown if this diagnosis holds for all Selenocosmia species. Species the genus contains thirty-six species and four subspecies, found in A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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