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Halizah
''Halitsah'' or ''chalitzah'' () in Rabbinical Judaism is the process by which a childless widow and a brother of her deceased husband may avoid the duty to marry under the biblical system of yibbum (levirate marriage) The process involves the widow making a declaration, taking off a shoe of the brother (i.e., her brother-in-law), and spitting on the floor. Through this ceremony, the brother and any other brothers are released from the obligation of marrying the woman to conceive a child that would be considered the progeny of the deceased man. The ceremony of halitsa makes the widow free to marry whomever she desires, except for a Kohen "priest". (). It is sufficient for only one brother-in-law to perform the ceremony. Yibbum () is thus modified in the Deuteronomic code attributed to Moses by permitting the surviving brother to refuse to marry his brother's widow provided he submits to the ceremony of halitsa. In the Talmudic period, this tendency was intensified by the appr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yibbum
''Yibbum'' (, ) is the form of levirate marriage found in Judaism. As specified by , the brother of a man who died without children is permitted and encouraged to marry the widow. However, if either of the parties refuses to go through with the marriage, both are required to go through a ceremony known as '' halizah'', involving a symbolic act of renunciation of their right to perform this marriage. Jewish law (''halakha'') has seen a gradual decline of ''yibbum'' in favor of ''halizah'', to the point where in most contemporary Jewish communities, and in Israel by mandate of the Chief Rabbinate, ''yibbum'' is prohibited. In the Hebrew Bible The Torah prohibits sexual relations by a man with his brother's wife, but ''yibbum'' is an exception to this rule. The surviving brother is given a choice to take his responsibility as a goel by fulfilling the yibbum obligation, or to perform '' halizah'', though the latter choice is described by the verse disfavorably. The brother who ag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chalitza
''Halitsah'' or ''chalitzah'' () in Rabbinical Judaism is the process by which a childless widow and a brother of her deceased husband may avoid the duty to marry under the Hebrew Bible, biblical system of yibbum (levirate marriage) The process involves the widow making a declaration, taking off a shoe of the brother (i.e., her brother-in-law), and spitting on the floor. Through this ceremony, the brother and any other brothers are released from the obligation of marrying the woman to conceive a child that would be considered the progeny of the deceased man. The ceremony of halitsa makes the widow free to marry whomever she desires, except for a Kohen "priest". (). It is sufficient for only one brother-in-law to perform the ceremony. Yibbum () is thus modified in the Deuteronomic code attributed to Moses by permitting the surviving brother to refuse to marry his brother's widow provided he submits to the ceremony of halitsa. In the Rabbinic period, Talmudic period, this tendency ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Levirate Marriage
Levirate marriage is a type of marriage in which the brother of a deceased man is obliged to marry his brother's widow. Levirate marriage has been practiced by societies with a strong clan structure in which exogamous marriage (i.e. marriage outside the clan) is forbidden. Etymology The term ''levirate'' is derived from the Latin ''lēvir'', meaning "husband's brother;" it is unrelated to Leviticus or Levite. Background and rationale Levirate marriage can, at its most positive, serve as protection for the widow and her children, ensuring that they have a male provider and protector. Levirate marriage can be a positive in a society where women must rely on men to provide for them, especially in societies where women are under the authority of, dependent on, in servitude to or regarded as possessions of their husbands, and to ensure the survival of the clan. The practice of levirate marriage is strongly associated with patriarchal societies. The practice was extremely import ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leather In Judaism
Leather has played an important role in Judaism and in Jewish life. Many items widely used by observant Jews are made from leather, such as: *The Torah scrolls made from leather parchment it is a handwritten copy of the Torah or Pentateuch, the holiest book within Judaism. It must meet extremely strict standards of production; *Mezuzahs are pieces of parchment (often contained in a decorative case) inscribed with specified Hebrew verses from the Torah ( and ) some interpret Jewish law to require a mezuzah on every doorway in the home apart from bathrooms, and closets too small to qualify as rooms. *Tefillin (phylacteries) are a set of small black leather boxes containing scrolls of parchment inscribed with verses from the Torah, which are worn by observant Jews during weekday morning prayers. * Chalitza shoe is a ceremony by which a widow and her husband's brother could avoid the duty to marry after the husband's death. The ceremony involves the taking off of a brother-in-law's le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Takkanot Shum
The (), or Enactments of SHU"M, were a set of decrees formulated and agreed upon over a period of decades by the leaders of three of the central cities of medieval Rhineland Jewry: Speyer, Worms, and Mainz. The initials of the Hebrew names for these cities, , , and form the initials . While these regulations were intended to address the problems of that time, they had an effect on European Jewry that lasted centuries. Background Following the devastation of the Jewish communities of the Rhineland during the People's Crusade, Jews who had formerly made their livings as itinerant merchants could no longer travel safely, and had to find careers in the cities which they lived. Many became local merchants; others became moneylenders. This drastically increased the rate of commerce between Jews and non-Jews, and, thus, litigation both internally amongst Jews and between Jews and non-Jews. Simultaneously, heavy taxes were being levied on the Jewish communities by the local government, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Book Of Ruth
The Book of Ruth (, ''Megillath Ruth'', "the Scroll of Ruth", one of the Five Megillot) is included in the third division, or the Writings ( Ketuvim), of the Hebrew Bible. In most Christian canons it is treated as one of the historical books and placed between Judges and 1 Samuel. It narrates the story of Naomi and her daughter-in-law Ruth, who return to Bethlehem after the deaths of their husbands, where Ruth's loyalty to Naomi leads to her marriage to Boaz. Their son Obed becomes the grandfather of King David. Written in Hebrew during the Persian period (c. 550–330 BCE), the book is generally considered by scholars to be a work of historical fiction. Evangelical scholarship holds that the book is a historical short story. The book is held in esteem by Jewish converts, as is evidenced by the considerable presence of Boaz in rabbinic literature. It also functions liturgically, as it is read during the Jewish holiday of Shavuot ("Weeks"). Structure The boo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Positive Mitzvoth
Positive is a property of positivity and may refer to: Mathematics and science * Positive formula, a logical formula not containing negation * Positive number, a number that is greater than 0 * Plus sign, the sign "+" used to indicate a positive number * Positive operator, a type of linear operator in mathematics * Positive result, a result that has been found significant in statistical hypothesis testing * Positive test, a diagnostic test result that indicates some parameter being evaluated was present * Positive charge, one of the two types of electrical charge * Positive (electrical polarity), in electrical circuits * Positive lens, in optics * Positive (photography), a positive image, in which the color and luminance correlates directly with that in the depicted scene * Positive sense, said of an RNA sequence that codes for a protein Philosophy and humanities * Affirmative (policy debate), the team which affirms the resolution * Negative and positive rights, concernin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jewish Marital Law
Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, religion, and community are highly interrelated, as Judaism is their ethnic religion, though it is not practiced by all ethnic Jews. Despite this, religious Jews regard converts to Judaism as members of the Jewish nation, pursuant to the long-standing conversion process. The Israelites emerged from the pre-existing Canaanite peoples to establish Israel and Judah in the Southern Levant during the Iron Age. John Day (2005), ''In Search of Pre-Exilic Israel'', Bloomsbury Publishing, pp. 47.5 8'In this sense, the emergence of ancient Israel is viewed not as the cause of the demise of Canaanite culture but as its upshot'. Originally, Jews referred to the inhabitants of the kingdom of JudahCf. Marcus Jastrow's ''Dictionary of the Targumim, Talmud Babli, Talmud Yerushalmi and Mid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hebrew Bible
The Hebrew Bible or Tanakh (;"Tanach" . '' Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary''. ; ; or ), also known in Hebrew as (; ), is the canonical collection of scriptures, comprising the Torah (the five Books of Moses), the Nevi'im (the Books of the Prophets), and the [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Augsburg
Augsburg ( , ; ; ) is a city in the Bavaria, Bavarian part of Swabia, Germany, around west of the Bavarian capital Munich. It is a College town, university town and the regional seat of the Swabia (administrative region), Swabia with a well preserved Altstadt (historical city centre). Augsburg is an Urban districts of Germany, urban district and home to the institutions of the Augsburg (district), Landkreis Augsburg. It is the List of cities in Bavaria by population, third-largest city in Bavaria (after Munich and Nuremberg), with a population of 304,000 and 885,000 in its metropolitan area. After Neuss, Trier, Worms, Germany, Worms, Cologne and Xanten, Augsburg is one of Germany's oldest cities, founded in 15 BC by the Romans as Augsburg#Early history, Augusta Vindelicorum and named after the Roman emperor Augustus. It was a Free Imperial City from 1276 to 1803 and the home of the patrician (post-Roman Europe), patrician Fugger and Welser families that dominated European ban ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
