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HMS Fidelity
HMS ''Fidelity'' (D57) was a Special Service Vessel of the British Royal Navy during World War II, originally the French merchant vessel ''Le Rhin''. Background The 2,456-ton ship was built by H. & C. Grayson Ltd. of Garston, Liverpool, and completed in 1920 for ''Compagnie de Navigation Paquet'', Marseilles. In June 1940 ''Le Rhin'' was seized '' Lieutenant de Vaisseau'' Claude Andre Michel Peri at Marseilles and sailed for Gibraltar. Peri and his crew wished to continue the fight after the Fall of France and ''Le Rhin'' was turned over to the Royal Navy at Barry, Wales. The ship was converted into an auxiliary warship, and commissioned on 24 September 1940 as HMS ''Fidelity'' (D57) under the command of Lt. Peri, serving as Lieutenant Commander Jack Langlais RNVR. Her officers included Lt-Cmdr. Albert Guérisse serving as Patrick Albert O'Leary RNVR, and First Officer Madeleine Bayard serving as Madeleine Barclay WRNS. Because they had families in occupied Europe crew members ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry Grayson
Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Henry Mulleneux Grayson, 1st Baronet, (26 June 1865 – 27 October 1951) was an English shipbuilder. Early life Grayson was born on 26 June 1865 in Birkenhead and was the son of Henry Holdrege Grayson and Elizabeth (née Mulleneux) Grayson. He was educated at Winchester College and later played first-class cricket for Liverpool and District against Nottinghamshire in 1889 and Yorkshire in 1890, scoring 66 runs at an average of 16.50, with a high score of 42. His brother John was also a first-class cricketer. Career He entered the family shipbuilding and ship-repairing firm, H. & C. Grayson Ltd, which had been founded on the River Mersey in 1760 and of which his father was managing director. He succeeded his father on the latter's death in 1904 and was also managing director of the Garston Graving Dock & Shipbuilding Co Ltd. In 1914 he became a member of the Shipbuilders' Advisory Committee to the Admiralty, and in 1916 was appointed Director of Ship Re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First World War
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fighting occurring throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia. An estimated 9 million soldiers were killed in combat, plus another 23 million wounded, while 5 million civilians died as a result of military action, hunger, and disease. Millions more died in genocides within the Ottoman Empire and in the 1918 influenza pandemic, which was exacerbated by the movement of combatants during the war. Prior to 1914, the European great powers were divided between the Triple Entente (comprising France, Russia, and Britain) and the Triple Alliance (containing Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy). Tensions in the Balkans came to a head on 28 June 1914, following the assassination of Arch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuremberg Trials
The Nuremberg trials were held by the Allies against representatives of the defeated Nazi Germany, for plotting and carrying out invasions of other countries, and other crimes, in World War II. Between 1939 and 1945, Nazi Germany invaded many countries across Europe, inflicting 27 million deaths in the Soviet Union alone. Proposals for how to punish the defeated Nazi leaders ranged from a show trial (the Soviet Union) to summary executions (the United Kingdom). In mid-1945, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States agreed to convene a joint tribunal in Nuremberg, with the Nuremberg Charter as its legal instrument. Between 20 November 1945 and 1 October 1946, the International Military Tribunal (IMT) tried 21 of the most important surviving leaders of Nazi Germany in the political, military, and economic spheres, as well as six German organizations. The purpose of the trial was not just to convict the defendants but also to assemble irrefutable ev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laconia Order
The ''Laconia'' Order (german: Laconia-Befehl) was issued by Karl Dönitz during World War II as a result of the ''Laconia'' incident, forbidding the rescue of Allied survivors. Prior to this incident, vessels of the customarily picked up survivors of sunk Allied vessels. In September 1942, off the coast of West Africa in the Atlantic Ocean, the German vessels—among them , and —attempting to rescue survivors of the ocean liner were indiscriminately attacked by American aircraft, despite having informed the Allies of the rescued Allied soldiers on board—along with many women and children—beforehand. The order was as follows: # All efforts to save survivors of sunken ships, such as the fishing out of swimming men and putting them on board lifeboats, the righting of overturned lifeboats, or the handing over of food and water, must stop. Rescue contradicts the most basic demands of the war: the destruction of hostile ships and their crews. # The orders concerning the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMSO
The Office of Public Sector Information (OPSI) is the body responsible for the operation of His Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO) and of other public information services of the United Kingdom. The OPSI is part of the National Archives of the United Kingdom and is responsible for Crown copyright. The OPSI announced on 21 June 2006 that it was merging with the National Archives. The merger took place in October 2006. The OPSI continues to discharge its roles and responsibilities from within the structure of the National Archives. Controller of HMSO and Director of OPSI The Controller of HMSO is also the Director of OPSI. HMSO continues to operate from within the expanded remit of OPSI. The Controller of HMSO also holds the offices of Kings's Printer of Acts of Parliament, King's Printer for Scotland and Government Printer for Northern Ireland. By virtue of holding these offices OPSI publishes, through HMSO, the ''London Gazette'', '' Edinburgh Gazette'', '' Belfast Gazette' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brooks Richards
Sir Francis Brooks Richards, , LdH, CdG (1918–2002) was a director of operations for the Special Operations Executive (SOE) during the Second World War, and subsequently a British diplomat. Early life He was born in Southampton on 18 July 1918, the son of an engineer, and educated at Stowe School and Magdalene College, Cambridge where he gained first-class honours in history in 1939. In 1941, he married Hazel Williams, daughter of Lt-Col. Stanley Price Williams, Indian Army, who was also an SOE officer. They had a son, Francis who was a Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Gibraltar and a director of GCHQ, and a daughter, the author Susan Richards. Wartime activities In 1939 he was commissioned into the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve on the outbreak of war and volunteered for the Royal Navy, commanding a minesweeper and then a motor torpedo boat flotilla. At the outbreak of war, he organised secret service agents for secret Channel crossings to France and across the Mediterranea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siegfried Strelow
Siegfried is a German-language male given name, composed from the Germanic elements ''sig'' "victory" and ''frithu'' "protection, peace". The German name has the Old Norse cognate ''Sigfriðr, Sigfrøðr'', which gives rise to Swedish ''Sigfrid'' (hypocorisms ''Sigge, Siffer''), Danish/Norwegian ''Sigfred''. In Norway, ''Sigfrid'' is given as a feminine name. official statistics at Statistisk Sentralbyrå, National statistics office of Norway, http://www.ssb.no; Statistiska Centralbyrån, National statistics office of Sweden, http://www.scb.se/ The name is medieval and was borne by the legendary dragon-slayer also known as . It did survive in marginal use into the modern period, but after 1876 it enjoyed renewed popularity ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Empire Ships (Sa–Sh)
Suffix beginning with S ''Empire Sailor'' ''Empire Sailor'' was a 6,068 GRT cargo ship built by Stabilimento Technico Triestino, Trieste. Completed in 1926 as ''Cellina'' for Società Italia di Navigazione, Genoa. Seized as a war prize on 10 June 1940 at Gibraltar. To MoWT and renamed ''Empire Sailor''. Torpedoed on 21 November 1942 and sunk by ''U-518'' at while a member of Convoy ON 145. ''Empire Salerno'' ''Empire Salerno'' was an 877 GRT coaster which was built by Earles Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Hull. Completed in 1920 as ''Salerno'' for Ellerman Wilson Lines. Seized on 15 April 1940 in Saudafjord. Renamed ''Markirch'' and impressed into service with the Kriegsmarine for use as a target towing vessel for the torpedo school at Eckernförde. Seized in May 1945 at Eckernförde, to MoWT and renamed ''Empire Salerno''. Prize Court ordered her return to her original owners. To Ellerman Wilson Line in October 1946 and renamed ''Salerno''. Sold in 1957 to M A Karageorgi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azores
) , motto= ( en, "Rather die free than subjected in peace") , anthem=( en, "Anthem of the Azores") , image_map=Locator_map_of_Azores_in_EU.svg , map_alt=Location of the Azores within the European Union , map_caption=Location of the Azores within the European Union , coordinates = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = , established_title=Settlement , established_date=1432 , established_title3=Autonomous status , established_date3=30 April 1976 , official_languages= Portuguese , demonym= ( en, Azorean) , capital_type=Capitals , capital = Ponta Delgada (executive) Angra do Heroísmo (judicial)Horta (legislative) , largest_city = Ponta Delgada , government_type= Autonomous Region , leader_title1=Representative of the Republic , leader_name1=Pedro Manuel dos Reis Alves Catarino , leader_title2= President of the Legislative Assembly , leader_name2= Luís Garcia , leader_title3= President of the Regional Government , le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convoy ON 154
Convoy ON 154 - also ON(S) 154 or ONS 154 - was a North Atlantic convoy of the ON series which ran during the battle of the Atlantic in World War II. It was the 154th of the numbered series of merchant ship convoys Outbound from the British Isles to North America. It came under attack in December 1942 and lost 13 of its 50 freighters. One of the attacking U-boats was destroyed. Background As western Atlantic coastal convoys brought an end to the second happy time, Admiral Karl Dönitz, the ''Befehlshaber der U-Boote'' (''BdU'') or commander in chief of U-boats, shifted focus to the mid-Atlantic to avoid aircraft patrols. Although convoy routing was less predictable in the mid-ocean, Dönitz anticipated that the increased numbers of U-boats being produced would be able to effectively search for convoys with the advantage of intelligence gained through ''B-Dienst'' decryption of British Naval Cypher Number 3. However, only 20 percent of the 180 trans-Atlantic convoys sailing from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
40 Commando
40 Commando RM is a battalion-sized formation of the British Royal Marines and subordinate unit within 3 Commando Brigade, the principal Commando formation, under the Operational Command of Commander in Chief Fleet. Their barracks are at Norton Manor Camp, Norton Fitzwarren near Taunton in Somerset. Tasked as a Commando light infantry unit, 40 Commando (pronounced "Forty Commando") is capable of a wide range of operational tasks. Personnel regularly deploy outside the United Kingdom on operations or training. Whilst 3 Commando Brigade RM are the principal cold weather warfare formation, personnel are capable of operating in a variety of theatres including tropical jungle, desert or mountainous terrain. The Commando is a regular participant in the annual Brigade cold weather warfare exercise in Norway. The unit's first "winter" was 1991, until which the unit was nicknamed the "Sunshine Commando". All personnel will have completed the Commando course at the Commando Training Cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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