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Gymnoderma Favosum
''Gymnoderma'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Cladoniaceae. It has three species. The genus was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed by Finnish botanist William Nylander (botanist), William Nylander in 1860. Nylander assigned ''Gymnoderma coccocarpum'' as the type species in 1869; this species was originally collected from the Himalayas. It occurs throughout southeastern Asia. Species *''Gymnoderma coccocarpum'' *''Gymnoderma favosum'' *''Gymnoderma insulare'' Some species once classified in ''Gymnoderma'' have since been transferred to other genera. These include: *''Gymnoderma lineare'' = ''Cetradonia linearis'' *''Gymnoderma melacarpum'' = ''Neophyllis melacarpa'' *''Gymnoderma rugosum'' = ''Stereum rugosum'' References Cladoniaceae Lecanorales genera Lichen genera Taxa named by William Nylander (botanist) Taxa described in 1860 {{Lecanorales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gymnoderma Coccocarpum
''Gymnoderma'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Cladoniaceae. It has three species. The genus was circumscribed by Finnish botanist William Nylander in 1860. Nylander assigned '' Gymnoderma coccocarpum'' as the type species in 1869; this species was originally collected from the Himalayas. It occurs throughout southeastern Asia. Species *'' Gymnoderma coccocarpum'' *''Gymnoderma favosum'' *''Gymnoderma insulare ''Gymnoderma insulare'' is a species of lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. It is native to Japan and Taiwan, where it grows in old-growth temperate forests. The species is classified as endangered on the IUCN Red List due to its limited distribu ...'' Some species once classified in ''Gymnoderma'' have since been transferred to other genera. These include: *''Gymnoderma lineare'' = '' Cetradonia linearis'' *''Gymnoderma melacarpum'' = '' Neophyllis melacarpa'' *''Gymnoderma rugosum'' = '' Stereum rugosum'' References Cladoniaceae Lecanoral ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type Species
In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological Type (biology), type wiktionary:en:specimen, specimen (or specimens). Article 67.1 A similar concept is used for suprageneric groups and called a type genus. In botanical nomenclature, these terms have no formal standing under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, code of nomenclature, but are sometimes borrowed from zoological nomenclature. In botany, the type of a genus name is a specimen (or, rarely, an illustration) which is also the type of a species name. The species name with that type can also be referred to as the type of the genus name. Names of genus and family ranks, the various subdivisions of those ranks, and some higher-rank names based on genus names, have suc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichen Genera
A lichen ( , ) is a hybrid colony (biology), colony of algae or cyanobacteria living symbiotically among hypha, filaments of multiple fungus species, along with yeasts and bacteria embedded in the cortex or "skin", in a mutualism (biology), mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. . Lichens are the lifeform that first brought the term symbiosis (as ''Symbiotismus'') into biological context. Lichens have since been recognized as important actors in nutrient cycling and producers which many higher trophic feeders feed on, such as reindeer, gastropods, nematodes, mites, and springtails. Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in man ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lecanorales Genera
The Lecanorales are an order of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. The order contains 26 families, 269 genera, and 5695 species. Families Suborder Lecanorineae * Biatorellaceae M. Choisy ex Hafellner & Casares-Porcel, 1992 * Brigantiaeaceae Hafellner & Bellem., 1982 * Bruceomycetaceae Rikkinen & A.R.Schmidt in Rikkinen et al., * Byssolomataceae Zahlbr. 1926 * Carbonicolaceae Bendiksby & Timdal (2013) * Catillariaceae Hafellner, 1984 * Cetradoniaceae J.C. Wei & Ahti 2002 * Cladoniaceae Zenker, J.C. 1827–1829 * Dactylosporaceae Bellem. & Hafellner, 1982 * Gypsoplacaceae Timdal, E. 1990 * Haematommataceae Hafellner, 1984 * Lecanoraceae Fée, A.L.A. 1824 * Malmideaceae Kalb, K., Rivas Plata, E., Lücking, R. & Lumbsch, H.T. 2011 * Pachyascaceae Poelt ex P.M.Kirk, P.F.Cannon & J.C.David, 2001 * Parmeliaceae The Parmeliaceae is a large and diverse family of Lecanoromycetes. With over 2700 species i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species Fungorum
''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (Binomial nomenclature, scientific names) in the fungus Kingdom (biology), kingdom. As of 2015, the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partners along with Landcare Research New Zealand Limited, Landcare Research and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is somewhat comparable to the International Plant Names Index (IPNI), in which the Royal Botanic Gardens is also involved. A difference is that where IPNI does not indicate Correct name (botany), correct names, the ''Index Fungorum'' does indicate the status of a name. In the returns from the search page, a currently correct name is indicated in green, while others are in blue (a few, aberrant usages of names are indicated in red). All names are linked to pages giving the correct name, with lists of Synonym (taxonomy), synonyms. ''Index Fungorum'' is one of three nomenclatural repositories recognized b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Index Fungorum
''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (scientific names) in the fungus kingdom. As of 2015, the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partners along with Landcare Research and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is somewhat comparable to the International Plant Names Index (IPNI), in which the Royal Botanic Gardens is also involved. A difference is that where IPNI does not indicate correct names, the ''Index Fungorum'' does indicate the status of a name. In the returns from the search page, a currently correct name is indicated in green, while others are in blue (a few, aberrant usages of names are indicated in red). All names are linked to pages giving the correct name, with lists of synonyms. ''Index Fungorum'' is one of three nomenclatural repositories recognized by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi; the others are '' MycoBank'' and '' Fungal Names''. As of 2023, over a millio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stereum Rugosum
''Stereum'' is the type genus of the Stereaceae family of fungi, in the Russulales order. Common names for species of this genus include leaf fungus, wax fungus, and shelf fungus. Fungi having a shape similar to a ''Stereum'' are said to have a stereoid shape. ''Stereum'' contains 27 species that have a widespread distribution. Description ''Stereum'' species are wood decay fungi. Their simple, shelving fruiting bodies have a smooth hymenium, lacking gills or tubes. Like most members or the family Stereaceae, ''Stereum'' fruiting bodies lack clamp connections and produce amyloid basidiospores. Taxonomy It is the type genus of the Stereaceae family. Until recently, the genus was classified in the Corticiaceae family, of the Corticiales order. However, it was given its own family as a result of the split-up of the Corticiales. The species can be divided into two groups: the bleeders (those that exude a red liquid from cut surfaces, similarly to ''Lactarius'' species) and the no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neophyllis Melacarpa
''Neophyllis'' a small genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Sphaerophoraceae. The genus is endemic to Australasia, occurring in southeastern Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand. It comprises two recognised species characterised by small, leaf-like structures () and black, spherical spore-producing structures (apothecia). The more common and widespread species, '' N. melacarpa'', typically grows on rotting wood and soil in various forest and heathland habitats, while the rarer '' N. pachyphylla'' is found mainly on granite and sandstone substrates. First proposed in 1889 as ''Phyllis'' and renamed in 1891, the genus was historically classified within the Cladoniaceae before being transferred to Sphaerophoraceae based on molecular evidence in the late 1990s. Taxonomy The genus ''Neophyllis'' (family Sphaerophoraceae) was established in 1891 after Wilson initially described the type species in the genus ''Phyllis'' in 1889. In his original 1889 description of what ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cetradonia Linearis
''Cetradonia'' is a lichen genus in the family Cladoniaceae. A monotypic genus, ''Cetradonia'' contains the single species ''Cetradonia linearis'' (formerly known as ''Cladonia linearis'' and as ''Gymnoderma lineare''). The genus was circumscribed in 2002 by Jiang-Chun Wei and Teuvo Ahti. The genus was once placed in the family Cetradoniaceae (created in 2002) until that family was subsumed into the Cladoniaceae in 2006. ''Cetradonia linearis'', commonly known as the rock gnome lichen, is a squamulose lichen found in the higher elevations of the southern Appalachian Mountains. Populations are only known to exist in Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee. The lichen occurs only in frequent fog, or in deep river gorges. Because of its specialized habitat requirements and heavy collection for scientific purposes, the lichen has been listed as an endangered species since January 18, 1995. It is only one of two lichens on the endangered species list, the other being ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Himalayas
The Himalayas, or Himalaya ( ), is a mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The range has some of the Earth's highest peaks, including the highest, Mount Everest. More than list of highest mountains on Earth, 100 peaks exceeding elevations of above sea level lie in the Himalayas. The Himalayas abut on or cross territories of Himalayan states, six countries: Nepal, China, Pakistan, Bhutan, India and Afghanistan. The sovereignty of the range in the Kashmir region is disputed among India, Pakistan, and China. The Himalayan range is bordered on the northwest by the Karakoram and Hindu Kush ranges, on the north by the Tibetan Plateau, and on the south by the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Some of the world's major rivers, the Indus River, Indus, the Ganges river, Ganges, and the Yarlung Tsangpo River, Tsangpo–Brahmaputra River, Brahmaputra, rise in the vicinity of the Himalayas, and their combined drainage basin is home to some 6 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Nylander (botanist)
William (Wilhem) Nylander (3 January 1822 – 29 March 1899) was a Finnish botanist and entomologist. Nylander was born in Oulu, and taught at the University of Helsinki before moving to Paris, France, where he lived until his death in 1899. Nylander studied medicine, receiving a degree in 1847. Nylander pioneered the technique of determining the taxonomy of lichens by the use of chemical reagents, such as potassium hydroxide, tinctures of iodine and calcium hypochlorite, still used by lichenologists as the K and C tests. Nylander was the first to realise the effect of atmospheric pollution on the growth of lichens, an important discovery that paved the way for the use of lichens to detect pollution and determine the cleanness of air. His brother Fredrik Nylander was also a botanist. Nylander was one of the most prolific authors of new fungal and lichen species, having formally described about 3700 in his career. He edited the exsiccata Exsiccata (Latin, ''gen.'' -ae, ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gymnoderma Favosum
''Gymnoderma'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Cladoniaceae. It has three species. The genus was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed by Finnish botanist William Nylander (botanist), William Nylander in 1860. Nylander assigned ''Gymnoderma coccocarpum'' as the type species in 1869; this species was originally collected from the Himalayas. It occurs throughout southeastern Asia. Species *''Gymnoderma coccocarpum'' *''Gymnoderma favosum'' *''Gymnoderma insulare'' Some species once classified in ''Gymnoderma'' have since been transferred to other genera. These include: *''Gymnoderma lineare'' = ''Cetradonia linearis'' *''Gymnoderma melacarpum'' = ''Neophyllis melacarpa'' *''Gymnoderma rugosum'' = ''Stereum rugosum'' References Cladoniaceae Lecanorales genera Lichen genera Taxa named by William Nylander (botanist) Taxa described in 1860 {{Lecanorales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
