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Gustaf De Laval
Karl Gustaf Patrik de Laval (; 9 May 1845 – 2 February 1913) was a Swedish engineer and inventor who made important contributions to the design of steam turbines and centrifugal separation machinery for dairy. Life Gustaf de Laval was born at Orsa Municipality, Orsa in Dalarna in the Swedish de Laval Huguenot family (immigrated 1622 - Claude de Laval, soldier - knighted de Laval 1647). He enrolled at the Royal Institute of Technology, Institute of Technology in Stockholm (later the Royal Institute of Technology, KTH) in 1863, receiving a degree in mechanical engineering in 1866, after which he matriculated at Uppsala University in 1867. He was then employed by the Swedish mining company, Stora Enso, Stora Kopparberg. From there he returned to Uppsala University and completed his doctorate in 1872. He was further employed in Kloster, Sweden, Kloster Iron works in Husby parish, Sweden. de Laval was a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences from 1886. He was a successful ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orsa Municipality
Orsa Municipality () is a municipalities of Sweden, municipality in Dalarna County in central Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Orsa, Sweden, Orsa. Orsa is one of a few municipalities in Sweden which has not been amalgamated, but retains its area from the time it was instituted as a municipal entity in 1863. Geography The town of Orsa is located on the north-eastern shore of the large Lake Orsa (''Orsasjön''). Through a southern water passage it is connected with one of Sweden's largest lakes: Siljan (lake), Siljan. By the shores of Orsasjön the Orsa Camping was inaugurated in 1932. With a kilometer long sandy beach, it has received several awards for its quality and beauty, and is by some referred to as the ''Dalarna Riviera''. Nature sights include the ''Grönklitt'' mountain, that previously housed a notable bear park and skiing hill. The bear park was an enclosed area where not only bears but also Gray wolf, wolves, lynx, siberian tigers and wolverines reside ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nozzle
A nozzle is a device designed to control the direction or characteristics of a fluid flow (specially to increase velocity) as it exits (or enters) an enclosed chamber or pipe (material), pipe. A nozzle is often a pipe or tube of varying cross sectional area, and it can be used to direct or modify the flow of a fluid (liquid or gas). Nozzles are frequently used to control the rate of flow, speed, direction, mass, shape, and/or the pressure of the stream that emerges from them. In a nozzle, the velocity of fluid increases at the expense of its pressure energy. Types Jet A gas jet, fluid jet, or hydro jet is a nozzle intended to eject gas or fluid in a coherent stream into a surrounding medium. Gas jets are commonly found in gas stoves, ovens, or barbecues. Gas jets were commonly used for Gas lighting, light before the development of electric light. Other types of fluid jets are found in carburetors, where smooth calibrated orifices are used to regulate the flow of gasoline, fuel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1845 Births
Events January–March * January 1 – The Philippines began reckoning Asian dates by hopping the International Date Line through skipping Tuesday, December 31, 1844. That time zone shift was a reform made by Governor–General Narciso Claveria on August 16, 1844, in order to align the local calendars in the country with the rest of Asia as trade interests with Imperial China, Dutch East Indies and neighboring countries increased, after Mexico became independent in 1821. The reform also applied to Caroline Islands, Guam, Marianas Islands, Marshall Islands, and Palau as part of the Captaincy General of the Philippines. * January 10 – Elizabeth Barrett receives a love letter from the younger poet Robert Browning; on May 20, they meet for the first time in London. She begins writing her ''Sonnets from the Portuguese''. * January 23 – The United States Congress establishes a uniform date for federal elections, which will henceforth be held on the first Tuesday after t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of The Internal Combustion Engine
Internal combustion engines date back to between the 10th and 13th centuries, when the first rocket engines were invented in China. Following the first commercial steam engine (a type of external combustion engine) by Thomas Savery in 1698, various efforts were made during the 18th century to develop equivalent internal combustion engines. In 1791, the English inventor John Barber patented a gas turbine. In 1794, Thomas Mead patented a gas engine. Also in 1794, Robert Street patented an internal-combustion engine, which was also the first to use liquid fuel (petroleum) and built an engine around that time. In 1798, John Stevens designed the first American internal combustion engine. In 1807, French engineers Nicéphore and Claude Niépce ran a prototype internal combustion engine, using controlled dust explosions, the Pyréolophore. This engine powered a boat on the river in France. The same year, the Swiss engineer François Isaac de Rivaz built and patented a hydrogen an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norra Begravningsplatsen
Norra begravningsplatsen, literally "The Northern Burial Place" in Swedish, is a major cemetery of the Stockholm urban area, located in Solna Municipality. Inaugurated on 9 June 1827, it is the burial site for a number of Swedish notables. The largest part of the cemetery is managed by Stockholm Municipality, Stockholm municipality, despite being located in the neighbouring municipality of Solna. The site also has a Catholic and a Jewish burial ground with their own administrators. The Catholic burial ground was established in 1847 to the north of the oldest part of the cemetery and next to the Catholic part is the Jewish burial ground, which was established in 1857. The Catholic and Jewish burial grounds also have chapels. Notable interments Nobel laureates * Klas Pontus Arnoldson (1844–1916), Nobel laureate in Peace * Allvar Gullstrand (1862–1930), Nobel laureate in Medicine * Nelly Sachs (1891–1970), author and Nobel laureate in Literature * Hugo Theorell (1903–1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nacka
Nacka () is the municipal seat of Nacka Municipality and part of Stockholm urban area in Sweden. The municipality's name harks back to a 16th-century industrial operation established by the Crown at Nacka farmstead where conditions for water mills are good. However, and somewhat confusingly, that spot is not densely populated today and the municipal seat is on land that once belonged to Järla farmstead on the other side of Lake Järla. Events On 9 December 2014, Stockholm police raided a data center in a former bomb shelter under a hill in Nacka municipality. Although it was rumored the raid targeted popular torrent site The Pirate Bay, officials from The Pirate Bay have revealed that this is false. See also * Sickla Köpkvarter – a retail park and shopping district in Nacka * Greenwich, CT - the town's sister city A sister city or a twin town relationship is a form of legal or social agreement between two geographically and politically distinct localities for the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DeLaval
DeLaval is a producer of dairy and farming machinery, with a head office in Tumba, Sweden, and is part of the Tetra Laval group. The company has 18 factories worldwide, employs over 4,500 people. History From the 1870s Gustaf de Laval (1845–1913) developed machines for the dairy industry, including the first centrifugal milk-cream separator and early milking machines. His first separator was patented in 1887, and his first milking machine in 1894. From the early 1880s, De Laval's cream separator, was promoted internationally. For example, the London-based Dairy Supply Co presented the cream separator at the 1891 Dairy Show in London. In 1883, DeLaval and Oscar Lamm founded Aktiebolaget Separator (abbreviated to AB Separator) in Stockholm, Sweden. In the first year the company built 53 milk separators, of which 37 were exported. In 1888 in the US the company founded the De Laval Cream Separator Co. as a subsidiary, with a sales office in New York and production facility in P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetra Pak
Tetra Pak is a Swedish multinational food packaging and processing company headquartered in Switzerland. The company offers packaging, filling machines and processing for dairy, beverages, cheese, ice cream and prepared food, including distribution tools like accumulators, cap applicators, conveyors, crate packers, film wrappers, line controllers and straw applicators.Tetra Pak International Bloomberg Businessweek, retrieved 29 November 2011 Tetra Pak was founded by Ruben Rausing and built on Erik Wallenberg's innovation, a |
Alfa Laval
Alfa Laval AB is a Swedish company, founded in 1883 by Gustaf de Laval and Oscar Lamm. The company started by providing centrifuges to dairies to be used to separate cream from milk. It now deals in the production of specialised products for heavy industry. The products are used to heat, cool, separate and transport such products as oil, water, chemicals, beverages, foodstuffs, starch and pharmaceuticals. Alfa Laval is headquartered in Lund, Sweden and has subsidiary companies in over 100 countries around the world, including South Africa, Denmark, Italy, India, Japan, China, Netherlands, and the United States. As of the end of 2021, Alfa Laval had a global workforce of 18,574 employees and revenue of $4.77 billion. Company structure and end-markets Alfa Laval is a heavy industry company that focuses on the large-scale operations, such as the Marine, Energy, Food & Water industries. Alfa Laval Marine division Alfa Laval manufactures valves, pumps, heat exchangers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Milking Machine
Milking is the act of removing milk from the mammary glands of cattle, water buffalo, humans, goats, sheep, and, more rarely, camels, horses, and donkeys. Milking may be done by hand or by machine, and requires the animal to be currently or recently pregnant. The milker may refer either to the animal that produces the milk or the person who milks said animal. Hand milking Hand milking is performed by massaging and pulling down on the teats of the udder, squirting the milk into a bucket. Two main methods are used: *The top of the teat is pinched shut between finger and thumb, trapping milk in the lower part, which is then squeezed by the other fingers, squirting the milk out through the hole in the tip of the teat. *The top of the teat is pinched shut by the fingers and thumb, which are then slid down the teat, pushing the milk towards the bottom. Machine milking Most milking in the developed world is done using milking machines. Teat cups are attached to the cow's teats, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cream Separator
A separator is a centrifugal device that separates milk into cream and skimmed milk. Separation was commonly performed on farms in the past. Most farmers milked a few cows, usually by hand, and separated milk. Some of the skimmed milk was consumed while the rest was used to feed calves and pigs. Enough cream was saved to make butter, and the excess was sold. Today, milk is separated in industrial dairies. Sufficient cream is returned to the skimmed milk before sale. History Before the advent of centrifugal separators, separation was performed by letting milk sit in a container until the cream floated to the top and could be skimmed off by hand. A variant container-separator had a nozzle at the bottom which was opened to allow the milk to drain off. A window in the side, near the nozzle at the bottom, allowed the operator to observe when the milk was drained. The centrifugal separator was first manufactured by Gustaf de Laval, making it possible to separate cream from milk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cream
Cream is a dairy product composed of the higher-fat layer skimmed from the top of milk before homogenization. In un-homogenized milk, the fat, which is less dense, eventually rises to the top. In the industrial production of cream, this process is accelerated by using centrifuges called " separators". In many countries, it is sold in several grades depending on the total butterfat content. It can be dried to a powder for shipment to distant markets, and contains high levels of saturated fat. Cream skimmed from milk may be called "sweet cream" to distinguish it from cream skimmed from whey, a by-product of cheese-making. Whey cream has a lower fat content and tastes more salty, tangy, and "cheesy". In many countries partially fermented cream is also sold as: sour cream, crème fraîche, and so on. Both forms have many culinary uses in both sweet and savoury dishes. Cream produced by cattle (particularly Jersey cattle) grazing on natural pasture often contains some fat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
