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Gurdjieff Foundation
G. I. Gurdjieff's teaching and practice inspired the formation of many groups organized as Foundations, Institutes, and Societies many of which are now connected by the International Association of the Gurdjieff Foundations (IAGF). After his death in 1949, the Gurdjieff Foundation Paris was organized and led by Jeanne de Salzmann from the early 1950s, in cooperation with other direct pupils, until her death in 1990; and until his death in 2001 by Michel de Salzmann. The International Association of the Gurdjieff Foundations is an umbrella group for the four main organisations: The Gurdjieff Foundation in the USA, The Gurdjieff Society in the UK, the Institut Gurdjieff in France and GI Gurdjieff Foundation - Caracas in Venezuela. There is a network of partner foundations around the world, including in North, Central and South America as well as Europe. The president of the Gurdjieff Foundation of New York was Henry John Sinclair, 2nd Baron Pentland, Lord Pentland from its forma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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George Ivanovich Gurdjieff ( – 29 October 1949) was a philosopher, mystic, spiritual teacher, composer, and movements teacher. Born in the Russian Empire, he briefly became a citizen of the First Republic of Armenia after its formation in 1918, but fled the impending Red Army invasion of Armenia in 1920, which rendered him stateless. In the early 1920s, he applied for British citizenship, but his application was denied. He then settled in France, where he lived and taught for the rest of his life. Gurdjieff taught that people are not conscious of themselves and thus live their lives in a state of hypnotic "waking sleep", but that it is possible to awaken to a higher state of consciousness and serve our purpose as human beings. His student P. D. Ouspensky referred to Gurdjieff's teachings as the "Fourth Way". Gurdjieff's teaching has inspired the formation of many groups around the world. After his death in 1949, the Gurdjieff Foundation in Paris was established and led by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jeanne De Salzmann
Jeanne de Salzmann (born Jeanne-Marie Allemand) often addressed as Madame de Salzmann (January 26, 1889, Reims – May 24, 1990, Paris) was a French-Swiss dance teacher and a close pupil of the spiritual teacher G. I. Gurdjieff. Life Jeanne de Salzmann was born Jeanne-Marie Allemand, the daughter of the famous Swiss architect Jules Louis Allemand and of Marie Louise Matignon. Madame de Salzmann began her career at the Conservatory of Geneva, studying piano. Later a student of Émile Jaques-Dalcroze in Germany from 1912, she taught dance and rhythmic movements. She met her husband Alexandre de Salzmann in Hellerau at Dalcroze's Institute. They married on September 6 in Geneva. With him she had a daughter, Nathalie de Salzmann (1919-2007). The First World War caused the closure of Dalcroze's Institute and Jeanne and her husband Alexandre moved to Tiflis, Georgia where she continued to teach. In 1919, Thomas de Hartmann introduced the de Salzmanns to George Gurdjieff ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michel De Salzmann
Michel de Salzmann (31 December 1923 in Paris – 4 August 2001 in Paris), son of Jeanne de Salzmann, was a psychiatrist, and the president of the Gurdjieff Foundation from 1990 until his death. His friends and pupils salute him as one of the most important spiritual figures of the 20th century. His writings in English and in French reveal him as a creative thinker. Michel de Salzmann was a faithful follower of Gurdjieff George Ivanovich Gurdjieff ( – 29 October 1949) was a philosopher, mystic, spiritual teacher, composer, and movements teacher. Born in the Russian Empire, he briefly became a citizen of the First Republic of Armenia after its formation in 19 ..., as seen in his contribution in ''The Encyclopedia of Religion'' (1987). A witness on his own teaching was given by the poet Fran Shaw. Fran Shaw, ''The Next Attention'', Indications Press, New York, 2010. References 1923 births 2001 deaths Fourth Way {{France-reli-bio-stub Students of George Gurdjie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry John Sinclair
Henry John Sinclair, 2nd Baron Pentland (6 June 1907 – 14 February 1984) was the President of thfrom its formation in 1953 and the President of thGurdjieff Foundation of Californiafrom its inception in 1955. He held both posts until his death. He also helped ensure the publication of English editions of Gurdjieff's and Ouspensky's books and worked to found Gurdjieff centers throughout North America. The transatlantic Baron Pentland was a businessman and member of the House of Lords who spent much of his career conducting government and commercial affairs with the United States. He was director and vice president of the American British Electric Corporation Education and career Pentland was educated at Wellington College. He inherited the title from his father, John Sinclair, 1st Baron Pentland, in 1925, aged only eighteen. He was admitted to Trinity College, Cambridge, and graduated with an MA in 1929. He was elected President of the Cambridge Union in 1929. He qualified as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Reynard
Paul Reynard (3 October 1927 – 28 October 2005) was an artist, art teacher, Gurdjieff movements instructor, and co-president of the Gurdjieff Foundation of New York. Life and career Reynard was born as Paul Léon Reynard in Lyon, France, the son of Charles Jean Reynard and Alice Anne Claudia Ollier, on 3 October 1927. He received his early training in Lyon under the painter Claude Idoux, with whom he later worked on the famous windows of the Church of Baccarat, Meurthe-et-Moselle, France. He also worked, on his own, on stained-glass windows in churches throughout France and Germany. In 1947, Reynard moved to Paris, where he studied at the École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts, and in the ateliers of Fernand Léger and Jean Souverbie. Throughout the early to mid-1960s, Reynard taught drawing at the Écoles d'Art Américaines at Fontainebleau, and at schools in Besançon and Angers. After moving to the United States in 1968, he painted a number of murals throughout the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frank R
Frank, FRANK, or Franks may refer to: People * Frank (given name) * Frank (surname) * Franks (surname) * Franks, a Germanic people in late Roman times * Franks, a term in the Muslim world for all western Europeans, particularly during the Crusades Currency * Liechtenstein franc or frank, the currency of Liechtenstein since 1920 * Swiss franc or frank, the currency of Switzerland since 1850 * Westphalian frank, currency of the Kingdom of Westphalia between 1808 and 1813 * The currencies of the German-speaking cantons of Switzerland (1803–1814): ** Appenzell frank ** Aargau frank ** Basel frank ** Berne frank ** Fribourg frank ** Glarus frank ** Graubünden frank ** Luzern frank ** Schaffhausen frank ** Schwyz frank ** Solothurn frank ** St. Gallen frank ** Thurgau frank ** Unterwalden frank ** Uri frank ** Zürich frank Places * Frank, Alberta, Canada, an urban community, formerly a village * Franks, Illinois, United States, an unincorporated community * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fourth Way
The Fourth Way is spiritual teacher George Gurdjieff's approach to human spiritual growth, developed and systematised by him over years of travel in the East (c. 1890 – 1912), and taught to followers in subsequent years. Gurdjieff's students often refer to the Fourth Way as "The Work", "Work on oneself", or "The System". The exact origins of many of the teachings are unknown, but various sources have been suggested. The term "Fourth Way" was further used by his student P. D. Ouspensky in his lectures and writings. After Ouspensky's death, his students published a book entitled '' The Fourth Way'' based on his lectures. According to this system, the three traditional schools, or ways, "are permanent forms which have survived throughout history mostly unchanged, and are based on religion. Where schools of Fakirs, Monks and Yogis exist, they are barely distinguishable from religious schools. The fourth way differs in that "it is not a permanent way. It has no specific forms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
