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Greco–Italian War
The Greco-Italian War (), also called the Italo-Greek War, Italian campaign in Greece, Italian invasion of Greece, and War of '40 in Greece, took place between Kingdom of Italy, Italy and Kingdom of Greece, Greece from 28 October 1940 to 23 April 1941. This conflict began the Balkans campaign (World War II), Balkans campaign of World War II between the Axis powers and the Allies of World War II, Allies, and eventually turned into the Battle of Greece with Commonwealth of Nations, British and Nazi Germany, German involvement. On 10 June 1940, Italy declared war on France and the United Kingdom. By September 1940, the Italians had Italian invasion of France, invaded France, Italian invasion of British Somaliland, British Somaliland and Italian invasion of Egypt, Egypt. This was followed by a hostile press campaign in Italy against Greece, accused of being a British ally. A number of provocations culminated in the sinking of the Greek light cruiser Greek cruiser Elli (1912), ''Elli'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ubaldo Soddu
Ubaldo Soddu (23 July 1883, Salerno – 25 July 1949, Rome) was an Italian Fascist General officer, general and politician who held the position of Deputy Chief of Staff of the Army and Undersecretary (Italy), Undersecretary of State for War during the initial phases of World War II. On 13 June 1940, immediately after the outbreak of hostilities with France and the United Kingdom, he assumed the position of deputy chief of the General Staff. Promoted to army general, he replaced general Sebastiano Visconti Prasca as commander of the Albanian Higher Troop Command during the Greco-Italian War on 8 November 1940. Because of the defeat Italian troops suffered between 22 and 23 November 1940, he was replaced after four weeks in command by the Italian Royal Italian Army, Royal Army's chief of staff, General Ugo Cavallero. Biography Early life Soddu was born in Salerno on 23 July 1883. His father was a Kingdom of Sardinia, Sardinian military Commissioned officer, officer. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ioannis Pitsikas
Ioannis Pitsikas (, 1881–1975) was a Greek Army lieutenant general active in World War II, who served as Mayor of Athens and twice in cabinet posts in interim governments post-war. Biography Pitsikas was born in 1881 in the village of Kallithea in Spercheiada. He became a career officer in the Greek Army after studies in the Hellenic Army Academy, and fought in the Balkan Wars and the Asia Minor Campaign. Trained as a staff officer in the 1920s, he served as CO of the 6th Infantry Division until 1935, and then, promoted to Lieutenant General, as CO of I Army Corps until 1940. With the outbreak of the Greco-Italian War, he assumed command of the Western Macedonia Army Section (Τμήμα Στρατιάς Δυτικής Μακεδονίας) on the Albanian front and later of the Epirus Army Section (Τμήμα Στρατιάς Ηπείρου), which he led until the Greek Army's capitulation during the German invasion of Greece. In July 1943 he was arrested by the German occ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georgios Tsolakoglou
Georgios Tsolakoglou (; April 1886 – 22 May 1948) was a Greek army officer who headed the government of Greece from 1941 to 1942, in the early phase of the country's occupation by Axis powers during World War II. An officer of the Hellenic Army, Tsolakoglou was a veteran of the Balkan Wars, the First World War and the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922. After Greece was overrun following a German invasion in 1941, Tsolakoglou, then a lieutenant general, offered the surrender of the Hellenic Army to the ''Wehrmacht''. In April, he was appointed Prime Minister of the puppet government, which was beset by corruption and infighting from the start. Tsolakoglou's popularity plunged further following the Italian takeover of the occupation, as well as Bulgaria's annexation of Northern Greece. He was unable to alleviate Germany's large-scale plunder of the country, which led to the Great Famine that resulted in the deaths of nearly 300,000 Greeks. Tsolakoglou remained head of the gov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexandros Papagos
Alexandros Papagos (; 9 December 1883 – 4 October 1955) was a Greek military officer who led the Hellenic Army in World War II and the later stages of the subsequent Greek Civil War. The only Greek army career officer to rise to the rank of Field Marshal, Papagos became the first Chief of the Hellenic National Defence General Staff from 1950 until his resignation the following year. He then entered politics, founding the nationalist Greek Rally party and becoming the country's Prime Minister after his victory in the 1952 elections. His premiership was shaped by the Cold War and the aftermath of the Greek Civil War, and was defined by several key events, including Greece becoming a member of NATO; U.S. military bases being allowed on Greek territory and the formation of a powerful and vehemently anti-communist security apparatus. Papagos' tenure also saw the start of the Greek economic miracle, and rising tensions with Britain and Turkey during the Cyprus Emergency over the C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emmanouil Tsouderos
Emmanouil Tsouderos (, also transliterated as ''Emmanuel Tsouderos''; 19 July 1882 – 10 February 1956) was a Greek politician and statesman who served as the internationally recognized Prime Minister of Greece from 1941 to 1944 as head of the Greek government-in-exile during the Second World War. He resigned in 1944, following a mutiny in the exiled armed forces. Early life and studies Emmanuel Tsouderos was born in 1882 in Rethymno, Crete (then part of the Ottoman Empire). He studied law at Athens University, and economics in Paris and London. Career in politics He returned to Crete aged 24, and was elected Member of Parliament of the Cretan Legislature (1906–1912), when Crete had autonomous status under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire and was under the protection of Russia, Britain, France and Italy. After the union of Crete with Greece in December 1913, he was elected to the Hellenic Parliament, and served as Minister of Transportation under Eleftherios Venizelos, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexandros Koryzis
Alexandros Koryzis (; 1885 – 18 April 1941) was a Greek politician who served briefly as the prime minister of Greece in 1941. Career Koryzis assumed this role on 29 January 1941, when his predecessor, the dictator Ioannis Metaxas died of throat cancer, during the Greco-Italian War. Prior to this, Koryzis had been governor of the Bank of Greece. Koryzis was born on the small island of Poros in Greece, where a museum dedicated to his life and contribution exists today. Prime Minister Metaxas had declined British offers of direct military assistance on the grounds that this could be used as a justification for German intervention in support of their Italian allies. Koryzis however agreed to the dispatch of "W Force" - a British and Dominion force of two infantry divisions and an armoured brigade. Although largely powerless, as the government was effectively controlled by King George II, Koryzis still bore the burden of the German invasion which commenced on 6 April of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Death By Natural Causes
In many legal jurisdictions, the manner of death is a determination, typically made by the coroner, medical examiner, police, or similar officials, and recorded as a vital statistic. Within the United States and the United Kingdom, a distinction is made between the cause of death, which is a specific disease or injury, such as a gunshot wound or cancer, versus manner of death, which is primarily a legal determination, versus the mechanism of death (also called the mode of death), which does not explain why the person died or the underlying cause of death and is usually not specific to the cause or manner of death, such as asphyxiation, arrhythmia or exsanguination. Different categories are used in different jurisdictions, but manner of death determinations include everything from very broad categories like "natural" and "homicide" to specific manners like "traffic accident" or "gunshot wound". In some cases an autopsy is performed, either due to general legal requirement ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ioannis Metaxas
Ioannis Metaxas (; 12 April 187129 January 1941) was a Greek military officer and politician who was dictator of Greece from 1936 until his death in 1941. He governed constitutionally for the first four months of his tenure, and thereafter as the strongman (politics), strongman leader of the 4th of August Regime following his appointment by George II of Greece, King George II. Born to an aristocratic family in Ithaca (island), Ithaca, Metaxas took part in the Greco-Turkish War (1897), Greco-Turkish War of 1897 and the Balkan Wars (1912–13), and quickly rose through the ranks of the Hellenic Army. As a monarchist during the National Schism, Metaxas unsuccessfully opposed Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos and Greece's entry in World War I, most famously leading monarchist forces during the Noemvriana; he was exiled to Corsica in response in 1917. On his return, Metaxas moved into politics and founded the Freethinkers' Party, but had only limited success under the Second Hellen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George II Of Greece
George II (; 19 July [Old Style and New Style dates, Old Style: 7 July] 1890 – 1 April 1947) was King of Greece from 27 September 1922 until 25 March 1924, and again from 25 November 1935 until his death on 1 April 1947. The eldest son of King Constantine I of Greece and Princess Sophia of Prussia, George followed his father into exile in 1917 following the National Schism, while his younger brother Alexander of Greece, Alexander was installed as king. Constantine was restored to the throne in 1920 after Alexander's death, but was forced to abdicate two years later in the aftermath of the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922), Greco-Turkish War. George acceded to the Greek throne, but after a Leonardopoulos–Gargalidis coup d'état attempt, failed royalist coup in October 1923 he was exiled to Romania. Greece was proclaimed a republic in March 1924 and George was formally deposed and stripped of Greek nationality. He remained in exile until the Greek monarchy was restored in 1935, fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilhelm List
Siegmund Wilhelm Walther List (14 May 1880 – 17 August 1971) was a German ''Generalfeldmarschall'' (Field Marshal) of the ''Wehrmacht'' during World War II. List was a professional soldier in the Bavarian Army and served as a staff officer on the Western Front during World War I. List was a leading military training official of the ''Reichswehr'' in the interwar period. List commanded the 14th Army of the ''Wehrmacht'' in the invasion of Poland in 1939 and the 12th Army in the invasion of France in 1940 for which he was promoted to Field Marshal. List successfully commanded the 12th Army in the Balkans Campaign including the invasion of Yugoslavia and invasion of Greece in April 1941, overseeing anti- partisan operations until his resignation that October. List was appointed commander of Army Group A on the Eastern Front in July 1942, responsible for the main thrust towards the Caucasus during Case Blue. List's military and political disagreements with Adolf Hitler led ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aqif Përmeti
Aqif Përmeti (28 November 1884 – 14 April 1945) was an Albanian military officer and politician. He served as Minister of Defence during the Italian occupation of Albania. In 1944 he was arrested by the communist regime and a year later was sentenced to death and executed on April 14 in Tirana. Biography Përmeti was born in around 1884 in Përmet, then a part of the Janina Vilayet of Ottoman Empire. He attended a military academy in Istanbul. In 1915, Përmeti moved to the United States. Later, Përmeti returned to Europe to command an Albanian-American battalion of the United States Army. In 1920, Përmeti returned to Albania to support the recently created Delvina Government. Përmeti then joined the Albanian military and served as a commander in southern Albania. In 1924, he served as the commander of the Tiranë gendarmerie. That same year, following the rise of Ahmet Zogu, he fled Albania with Fan S. Noli but later returned. After reconciling with Zogu, Përmeti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
