Graphis Scripta

	Graphis Scripta ''Graphis scripta'' is a crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It is commonly called script lichen, secret writing lichen, or similar names, because its growth pattern makes it looks like writing. '' Stigmidium microspilum'' and '' Arthonia graphidicola'' are associated lichenicolous fungi. It is variable with either curved or stellate apothecia An ascocarp, or ascoma (), is the fruiting body ( sporocarp) of an ascomycete phylum fungus. It consists of very tightly interwoven hyphae and millions of embedded asci, each of which typically contains four to eight ascospores. Ascocarps are mo .... The margins are carbonaceous and raised, without furrows. Mature spores are without color, but become brown with age. References scripta Lichen species Lichens described in 1753 Lichens of Asia Lichens of Europe Lichens of North America Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus {{Ostropales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Graphis (lichen) ''Graphis'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Graphidaceae. Selected species ''Graphis alboscripta'' ''Graphis albotecta'' '' Graphis alpestris'' '' Graphis analoga'' ''Graphis anfractuosa'' ''Graphis antillarum'' '' Graphis aperiens'' '' Graphis apertella'' '' Graphis appendiculata'' '' Graphis archeri'' '' Graphis breussii'' '' Graphis bulacana'' '' Graphis caesiella'' '' Graphis carassensis'' '' Graphis caribica'' '' Graphis centrifuga'' '' Graphis cervina'' '' Graphis chlorotica'' ''Graphis chrysocarpa'' '' Graphis cincta'' '' Graphis cinerea'' ''Graphis componens'' ''Graphis conturbata'' ''Graphis crassilabra'' '' Graphis crebra'' ''Graphis crystallifera'' ''Graphis cycasicola'' '' Graphis dealbata'' ''Graphis dendrogramma'' ''Graphis descissa'' ''Graphis disserpens'' '' Graphis duplicata'' '' Graphis dussii'' '' Graphis eimeoensis'' ''Graphis elegans'' '' Graphis elixiana'' ''Graphis emersa'' ''Graphis epimelaeana'' '' Gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Carl Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms. He is known as the "father of modern taxonomy". Many of his writings were in Latin; his name is rendered in Latin as and, after his 1761 ennoblement, as . Linnaeus was born in Råshult, the countryside of Småland, in southern Sweden. He received most of his higher education at Uppsala University and began giving lectures in botany there in 1730. He lived abroad between 1735 and 1738, where he studied and also published the first edition of his ' in the Netherlands. He then returned to Sweden where he became professor of medicine and botany at Uppsala. In the 1740s, he was sent on several journeys through Sweden to find and classify plants and animals. In the 1750s and 1760s, he continued to coll ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Crustose Lichen Crustose lichens are lichens that form a crust which strongly adheres to the substrate (soil, rock, tree bark, etc.), making separation from the substrate impossible without destruction. The basic structure of crustose lichens consists of a cortex layer, an algal layer, and a medulla. The upper cortex layer is differentiated and is usually pigmented. The algal layer lies beneath the cortex. The medulla fastens the lichen to the substrate and is made up of fungal hyphae. The surface of crustose lichens is characterized by branching cracks that periodically close in response to climatic variations such as alternate wetting and drying regimes. Subtypes * Powdery – considered as the simplest subtype due to the absence of an organized thallus. :The thallus appears powdery. :E.g. Genera '' Lepraria'', ''Vezdaea'' * Endolithic – grows inside the rock, usually in interstitial spaces between mineral grains. The :upper cortex is usually developed. :E.g. Genus '' Lecidea'' * Epi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Graphidaceae The Graphidaceae are a family of lichens in the order Ostropales. Distribution and ecology The vast majority of Graphidaceae species are restricted to the tropics. Most Graphidaceae species are epiphytic (i.e. they grow only on plants). Genera A recent (2020) estimates places 31 genera and about 990 species in Graphidaceae. The following list indicates the genus name, the taxonomic authority, year of publication, and the number of species: ''Acanthothecis'' – 5 spp. ''Acanthotrema'' – 1 sp. ''Aggregatorygma'' – 1 sp. ''Allographa'' – 183 spp. ''Amazonotrema'' – 1 sp. '' Ampliotrema'' – 1 sp. '' Anomalographis'' – 2 spp. ''Anomomorpha'' – 8 spp. ''Astrochapsa'' – 29 spp. '' Austrotrema'' – 3 spp. '' Borinquenotrema'' – 1 sp. '' Byssotrema'' – 1 sp. ''Carbacanthographis'' – 22 spp. ''Chapsa'' – 51 spp. ''Chroodiscus'' – 17 spp. '' Clandestinotrema'' – 17 spp. '' Compositrema'' – 4 spp. '' Corticorygma'' – 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Stigmidium Microspilum ''Stigmidium'' is a genus of lichenicolous ( lichen-eating) fungi in the family Mycosphaerellaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Italian botanist Vittore Benedetto Antonio Trevisan de Saint-Léon in 1860, with ''Stigmidium schaereri'' assigned as the type species. Species ''Stigmidium acetabuli'' ''Stigmidium aggregatum'' ''Stigmidium ahtii'' ''Stigmidium alectoriae'' ''Stigmidium allogenum'' ''Stigmidium apophlaeae'' ''Stigmidium arthoniae'' ''Stigmidium arthrorhaphidis'' ''Stigmidium ascophylli'' ''Stigmidium aspiciliae'' ''Stigmidium bellemerei'' ''Stigmidium beringicum'' ''Stigmidium buelliae'' ''Stigmidium californicum'' ''Stigmidium calopadiae'' ''Stigmidium caloplacae'' ''Stigmidium cartilagineae'' ''Stigmidium catapyrenii'' ''Stigmidium cerinae'' ''Stigmidium cladoniicola'' ''Stigmidium clauzadei'' ''Stigmidium coarctatae'' ''Stigmidium collematis'' ''Stigmidium concentricum'' ''Stigmidium congestum'' ''Stigmidium crocea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Arthonia Graphidicola ''Arthonia'' is a genus of lichens in the family Arthoniaceae. It was circumscribed by Swedish botanist Erik Acharius in 1806. It is a genus of thin crustose lichen of widely varying forms, commonly called comma lichens.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, Gallery Image:Arthonia_caesia.jpg, ''Arthonia caesia'' Image:Arthonia caesia-5.jpg, Photograph of a cross section of an apothecium of ''A. caesia'' taken through a compound microscope, x 400. Image:Arthonia caesia-6.jpg, Photograph of two spores (3-septate, 4-celled) from ''Arthonia caesia'' taken through a compound microscope, x 1000. (spores measure 21 x 5 micrometres) Species * ''Arthonia abbreviata'' Müll. Arg., 1895 * ''Arthonia abnormis'' (Ach.) Müll. Arg., 1880 * ''Arthonia abrothallina'' Nyl., 1856 * ''Arthonia accolens'' Stirt., 1878 * ''Arthonia acharii'' A. Massal., 1860. * ''Arthonia aciniformis'' Stirt., 1878 * '' Arthonia adhaerens'' Müll. Arg., 1880 * ''Ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Lichenicolous A lichenicolous fungus is a parasitic fungus that only lives on lichen as the host. A lichenicolous fungus is not the same as the fungus that is the component of the lichen, which is known as a lichenized fungus. They are most commonly specific to a given fungus as the host, but they also include a wide range of pathogens, saprotrophs, and commensals. It is estimated there are 3000 species of lichenicolous fungi. More than 1800 species are already described among the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.Lichenicolous Fungi: Interactions, Evolution, and Biodiversity, Lawrey, James D.; Diederich, Paul. The Bryologist 106(1), pp. 80 120, 2003/ref> More than 95% of lichenicolous fungi described as of 2003 are ascomycetes, in 7 classes and 19 orders Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Apothecia An ascocarp, or ascoma (), is the fruiting body ( sporocarp) of an ascomycete phylum fungus. It consists of very tightly interwoven hyphae and millions of embedded asci, each of which typically contains four to eight ascospores. Ascocarps are most commonly bowl-shaped (apothecia) but may take on a spherical or flask-like form that has a pore opening to release spores (perithecia) or no opening (cleistothecia). Classification The ascocarp is classified according to its placement (in ways not fundamental to the basic taxonomy). It is called ''epigeous'' if it grows above ground, as with the morels, while underground ascocarps, such as truffles, are termed ''hypogeous''. The structure enclosing the hymenium is divided into the types described below (apothecium, cleistothecium, etc.) and this character ''is'' important for the taxonomic classification of the fungus. Apothecia can be relatively large and fleshy, whereas the others are microscopic—about the size of flecks ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Carbonaceous Carbon () is a chemical element with the symbol C and atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—its atom making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds. It belongs to group 14 of the periodic table. Carbon makes up only about 0.025 percent of Earth's crust. Three isotopes occur naturally, C and C being stable, while C is a radionuclide, decaying with a half-life of about 5,730 years. Carbon is one of the few elements known since antiquity. Carbon is the 15th most abundant element in the Earth's crust, and the fourth most abundant element in the universe by mass after hydrogen, helium, and oxygen. Carbon's abundance, its unique diversity of organic compounds, and its unusual ability to form polymers at the temperatures commonly encountered on Earth, enables this element to serve as a common element of all known life. It is the second most abundant element in the human body by mass (about 18.5%) after oxygen. The atoms of carbon can bond ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Lichen Species A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in many colors, sizes, and forms and are sometimes plant-like, but are not plant s. They may have tiny, leafless branches ( fruticose); flat leaf-like structures ( [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]