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Gowardia
''Gowardia'' is a genus of medium-sized, greyish hair lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. It is a circumpolar genus, mainly restricted to arctic-alpine habitats in northern Canada, Europe, and Russia.Halonen, P. L. Myllys, S. Velmala, & H. Hyvärinen. 2009. ''Gowardia'' (Parmeliaceae)-a new alectorioid lichen genus with two species. The Bryologist 112(1): 138–146. Taxonomy and naming ''Gowardia'' was previously included within the genus ''Alectoria (genus of lichens), Alectoria'', but is now differentiated from this genus on the basis of its chemistry and colour, as well as by molecular phylogenetics. ''Gowardia'' was named after Trevor Goward, a lichenologist in British Columbia, Canada, in recognition of his "remarkable and ongoing work on North American lichens". This genus currently contains three species, ''Gowardia arctica'', ''Gowardia nigricans'', and ''Gowardia zebrina'', the last of which was described in 2020. Examination of North American herbarium specimens fil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gowardia Nigricans
''Gowardia nigricans'', commonly known as the gray hair lichen or gray witch's hair, is a species of fruticose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Taxonomy The lichen was first species description, formally described by Swedish lichenologist Erik Acharius in 1810, as ''Cornicularia ochroleuca'' var. ''nigricans''. William Nylander (botanist), William Nylander promoted it to distinct species status in 1862, as ''Alectoria nigricans''. A common name, colloquial name used in North America for the lichen is "gray witch's hair". The form (botany), form ''Alectoria nigricans'' f. ''goemerensis'' was proposed by Hungarian lichenologist Vilmos Kőfaragó-Gyelnik in 1932. The form ''Alectoria nigricans'' f. ''subchalybeiformis'' was suggested by Veli Räsänen in 1944. They are no longer considered to have independent taxonomy (biology), taxonomic significance. In 2009, Finnish lichenologists Pekka Halonen, Leena Myllys, Saara Velmala and Heini Hyvärinen proposed the new genus ''Gowardi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gowardia Zebrina
''Gowardia zebrina'' is a rare species of fruticose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in Canada, it was formally described as a new species in 2020 by lichenologists Trevor Goward and Leena Myllys. The type specimen was collected by Goward on Mount Cain (Vancouver Island) at an altitude of . Here the lichen was found growing on the lower branches of a hemlock tree. The specific epithet ''zebrina'' refers to the diagnostic alternating pale and dark banding pattern of the terminal branches. The lichen has a limited distribution, as it is only known to occur in coastal northwest North America, extending from the Insular Mountains of southern Vancouver Island north to Hazelton. Its preferred habitat is in open, wind-scoured old growth forests, and its preferred substrate is the trunks and lower branches of conifer trees like fir Firs (''Abies'') are a genus of 48–56 species of evergreen coniferous trees in the family Pinaceae. They are found on mountains throughout muc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gowardia Arctica
''Gowardia arctica'' is a species of terricolous (ground-dwelling), fruticose (bushy) lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in arctic regions of Northern Canada and Russia, it was formally described as a new species in 2009 by Pekka Halonen, Leena Myllys, Saara Velmala, and Heini Hyvärinen. The type specimen was collected from Banks Island in Swan Lake (Inuvialuit, Northwest Territories); here, at an elevation of , it was found growing among mesic mountain heath. It also occurs along the Arctic Ocean coast (and associated islands) of Russia. The lichen is richly branched, black to black-brown in colour (regions close to the base may be lighter), and reaches up to in diameter. It contains alectorialic acid and two other unknown lichen product Lichen products, also known as lichen substances, are organic compounds produced by a lichen. Specifically, they are secondary metabolites. Lichen products are represented in several different chemical classes, including terpenoid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parmeliaceae
The Parmeliaceae is a large and diverse family of Lecanoromycetes. With over 2700 species in 71 genera, it is the largest family of lichen-forming fungi. The most speciose genera in the family are the well-known groups: '' Xanthoparmelia'' ( 822 species), '' Usnea'' (355 species), ''Parmotrema'' ( 255 species), and '' Hypotrachyna'' (262 species). Nearly all members of the family have a symbiotic association with a green alga (most often '' Trebouxia'' spp., but '' Asterochloris'' spp. are known to associate with some species).Miadlikowska, J. ''et al.'' (2006). New insights into classification and evolution of the Lecanoromycetes (Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota) from phylogenetic analyses of three ribosomal RNA- and two protein-coding genes. ''Mycologia'' 98: 1088-1103. http://www.mycologia.org/cgi/reprint/98/6/1088.pdf The majority of Parmeliaceae species have a foliose, fruticose, or subfruticose growth form. The morphological diversity and complexity exhibited by this group ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tundra
In physical geography, tundra () is a type of biome where tree growth is hindered by frigid temperatures and short growing seasons. The term ''tundra'' comes through Russian (') from the Kildin Sámi word (') meaning "uplands", "treeless mountain tract". There are three regions and associated types of tundra: Arctic tundra, alpine tundra, and Antarctic tundra. Tundra vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges, grasses, mosses, and lichens. Scattered trees grow in some tundra regions. The ecotone (or ecological boundary region) between the tundra and the forest is known as the tree line or timberline. The tundra soil is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus. The soil also contains large amounts of biomass and decomposed biomass that has been stored as methane and carbon dioxide in the permafrost, making the tundra soil a carbon sink. As global warming heats the ecosystem and causes soil thawing, the permafrost carbon cycle accelerates and releases much of these soil-conta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bryoria Nitidula
''Bryoria'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. Many members of this genus are known as horsehair lichens. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in boreal and cool temperate areas. Taxonomy ''Bryoria'' was circumscribed in 1977 by lichenologists Irwin Brodo and David Hawksworth, with ''Bryoria trichodes'' as the type species. Description ''Bryoria'' species are fruticose, slender and hair-like, tending to grow hanging (pendent) or like a small bush. They range in colour from dark brown to pale greyish brown to grey in some species. Ascospores are colourless, ellipsoid, numbering eight per ascus. Other hair-like lichens that may be confused with ''Bryoria'' include dark brown species of ''Bryocaulon'', '' Nodobryoria'', ''Pseudephebe'', '' Alectoria'', or ''Cetraria''. Habitat and distribution Found almost exclusively on conifers, or on tundra soil, ''Bryoria'' collectively has a widespread distribution, especially in boreal and cool temper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bryocaulon Divergens
''Bryocaulon'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution in north temperate regions, and contains three species. The genus was circumscribed by Swedish lichenologist Ingvar Kärnefelt in 1986. See also *List of Parmeliaceae genera The Parmeliaceae is a large and diverse family of Lecanoromycetes. With over 2700 species in 71 genera, it is the largest family of lichen-forming fungi. The most speciose genera in the family are the well-known groups: ''Xanthoparmelia'' ( 822 ... References Parmeliaceae Lichen genera Lecanorales genera Taxa described in 1986 {{Parmeliaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alectoria Ochroleuca s
{{Disambiguation, genus ...
Alectoria may refer to: * ''Alectoria'' (fungus), a genus of lichenized fungi * ''Alectoria'' (katydid), genus of bush crickets or katydids in the family Tettigoniidae, subfamily Phaneropterinae * ''Alectoria'', a genus of birds in the family Phasianidae; synonym of '' Alectoris'' * Alectoria (stone), a purportedly magic crystal, found in the gizzards of rooster The chicken (''Gallus gallus domesticus'') is a domesticated junglefowl species, with attributes of wild species such as the grey and the Ceylon junglefowl that are originally from Southeastern Asia. Rooster or cock is a term for an adu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herbarium
A herbarium (plural: herbaria) is a collection of preserved plant specimens and associated data used for scientific study. The specimens may be whole plants or plant parts; these will usually be in dried form mounted on a sheet of paper (called '' exsiccatum'', plur. ''exsiccata'') but, depending upon the material, may also be stored in boxes or kept in alcohol or other preservative. The specimens in a herbarium are often used as reference material in describing plant taxa; some specimens may be types, some may be specimens distributed in series called exsiccatae. The same term is often used in mycology to describe an equivalent collection of preserved fungi, otherwise known as a fungarium. A xylarium is a herbarium specialising in specimens of wood. The term hortorium (as in the Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium) has occasionally been applied to a herbarium specialising in preserving material of horticultural origin. History The making of herbaria is an ancient phenome ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arctic Ocean
The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceans. It spans an area of approximately and is known as the coldest of all the oceans. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) recognizes it as an ocean, although some oceanographers call it the Arctic Mediterranean Sea. It has been described approximately as an estuary of the Atlantic Ocean. It is also seen as the northernmost part of the all-encompassing World Ocean. The Arctic Ocean includes the North Pole region in the middle of the Northern Hemisphere and extends south to about 60°N. The Arctic Ocean is surrounded by Eurasia and North America, and the borders follow topographic features: the Bering Strait on the Pacific side and the Greenland Scotland Ridge on the Atlantic side. It is mostly covered by sea ice throughout the year and almost completely in winter. The Arctic Ocean's surface temperature and salinity vary seasonally as the ice cover melts and freezes; its salinit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pigment
A pigment is a colored material that is completely or nearly insoluble in water. In contrast, dyes are typically soluble, at least at some stage in their use. Generally dyes are often organic compounds whereas pigments are often inorganic compounds. Pigments of prehistoric and historic value include ochre, charcoal, and lapis lazuli. Economic impact In 2006, around 7.4 million tons of inorganic, organic, and special pigments were marketed worldwide. Estimated at around US$14.86 billion in 2018 and will rise at over 4.9% CAGR from 2019 to 2026. The global demand for pigments was roughly US$20.5 billion in 2009. According to an April 2018 report by '' Bloomberg Businessweek'', the estimated value of the pigment industry globally is $30 billion. The value of titanium dioxide – used to enhance the white brightness of many products – was placed at $13.2 billion per year, while the color Ferrari red is valued at $300 million each year. Physical princip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
