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Gowardia Zebrina
''Gowardia'' is a genus of medium-sized, greyish hair lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. It is a circumpolar genus, mainly restricted to arctic-alpine habitats in northern Canada, Europe, and Russia.Halonen, P. L. Myllys, S. Velmala, & H. Hyvärinen. 2009. ''Gowardia'' (Parmeliaceae)-a new alectorioid lichen genus with two species. The Bryologist 112(1): 138–146. Taxonomy and naming ''Gowardia'' was previously included within the genus ''Alectoria (genus of lichens), Alectoria'', but is now differentiated from this genus on the basis of its chemistry and colour, as well as by molecular phylogenetics. ''Gowardia'' was named after Trevor Goward, a lichenologist in British Columbia, Canada, in recognition of his "remarkable and ongoing work on North American lichens". This genus currently contains three species, ''Gowardia arctica'', ''Gowardia nigricans'', and ''Gowardia zebrina'', the last of which was described in 2020. Examination of North American herbarium specimens fil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herbarium
A herbarium (plural: herbaria) is a collection of preserved plant biological specimen, specimens and associated data used for scientific study. The specimens may be whole plants or plant parts; these will usually be in dried form mounted on a sheet of paper (called ''exsiccatum'', plur. ''exsiccata'') but, depending upon the material, may also be stored in boxes or kept in alcohol or other preservative. The specimens in a herbarium are often used as reference material in describing plant taxon, taxa. Some specimens may be Type (botany), types, some may be specimens distributed in published series called exsiccata, exsiccatae. The term herbarium is often used in mycology to describe an equivalent collection of preserved fungi, otherwise known as a fungarium. A xylarium is a herbarium specialising in specimens of wood. The term hortorium (as in the Liberty Hyde Bailey, Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium) has occasionally been applied to a herbarium specialising in preserving material of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Usnic Acid
Usnic acid is a naturally occurring dibenzofuran derivative found in several lichen species with the formula C18H16O7. It was first isolated by German scientist W. Knop in 1844 and first synthesized between 1933 and 1937 by Frank H. Curd and Alexander Robertson. Usnic acid was identified in many genera of lichens including '' Usnea'', '' Cladonia'', '' Hypotrachyna'', ''Lecanora'', '' Ramalina'', '' Evernia'', '' Parmelia'' and '' Alectoria''. Although it is generally believed that usnic acid is exclusively restricted to lichens, in a few unconfirmed isolated cases the compound was found in kombucha tea and non-lichenized ascomycetes. At normal conditions, usnic acid is a bitter, yellow, solid substance. It is known to occur in nature in both the d- and l-forms as well as a racemic mixture. Salts of usnic acid are called usnates (e.g. copper usnate). Biological role in lichens Usnic acid is a secondary metabolite in lichens whose role has not been completely elucidated. It is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caribou
The reindeer or caribou (''Rangifer tarandus'') is a species of deer with circumpolar distribution, native to Arctic, subarctic, tundra, boreal, and mountainous regions of Northern Europe, Siberia, and North America. It is the only representative of the genus ''Rangifer''. More recent studies suggest the splitting of reindeer and caribou into six distinct species over their range. Reindeer occur in both migratory and sedentary populations, and their herd sizes vary greatly in different regions. The tundra subspecies are adapted for extreme cold, and some are adapted for long-distance migration. Reindeer vary greatly in size and color from the smallest, the Svalbard reindeer (''R.'' (''t.'') ''platyrhynchus''), to the largest, Osborn's caribou (''R. t. osborni''). Although reindeer are quite numerous, some species and subspecies are in decline and considered vulnerable. They are unique among deer (Cervidae) in that females may have antlers, although the prevalence of an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inuit
Inuit (singular: Inuk) are a group of culturally and historically similar Indigenous peoples traditionally inhabiting the Arctic and Subarctic regions of North America and Russia, including Greenland, Labrador, Quebec, Nunavut, the Northwest Territories, Yukon (traditionally), Alaska, and the Chukotsky District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. The Inuit languages are part of the Eskaleut languages, also known as Inuit-Yupik-Unangan, and also as Eskimo–Aleut. Canadian Inuit live throughout most of Northern Canada in the territory of Nunavut, Nunavik in the northern third of Quebec, the Nunatsiavut in Labrador, and in various parts of the Northwest Territories and Yukon (traditionally), particularly around the Arctic Ocean, in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region. These areas are known, by Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami and the Government of Canada, as Inuit Nunangat. In Canada, sections 25 and 35 of the Constitution Act of 1982 classify Inuit as a distinctive group of Abo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heath (habitat)
A heath () is a shrubland habitat found mainly on free-draining infertile, acidic soils and is characterised by open, low-growing woody vegetation. Moorland is generally related to high-ground heaths with—especially in Great Britain—a cooler and damper climate. Heaths are widespread worldwide but are rapidly disappearing and considered a rare habitat in Europe. They form extensive and highly diverse communities across Australia in humid and sub-humid areas where fire regimes with recurring burning are required for the maintenance of the heathlands.Specht, R.L. 'Heathlands' in 'Australian Vegetation' R.H. Groves ed. Cambridge University Press 1988 Even more diverse though less widespread heath communities occur in Southern Africa. Extensive heath communities can also be found in the Texas chaparral, New Caledonia, central Chile, and along the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. In addition to these extensive heath areas, the vegetation type is also found in scattered locatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alpine Tundra
Alpine tundra is a type of natural region or biome that does not contain trees because it is at high elevation, with an associated harsh climate. As the latitude of a location approaches the poles, the threshold elevation for alpine tundra gets lower until it reaches sea level and merges with polar tundra. The high elevation causes an adverse climate, which is too cold and windy to support tree growth. Alpine tundra transitions to sub-alpine forests below the tree line; stunted forests occurring at the forest-tundra ecotone are known as '' krummholz''. With increasing elevation it ends at the snow line where snow and ice persist through summer. Alpine tundra occurs in mountains worldwide. The flora of the alpine tundra is characterized by dwarf shrubs close to the ground. The cold climate of the alpine tundra is caused by adiabatic cooling of air, and is similar to polar climate. Geography Alpine tundra occurs at high enough altitude at any latitude. Portions of montane ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arctic Ocean
The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five oceanic divisions. It spans an area of approximately and is the coldest of the world's oceans. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) recognizes it as an ocean, although some oceanographers call it the Arctic Mediterranean Sea. It has also been described as an estuary of the Atlantic Ocean. It is also seen as the northernmost part of the all-encompassing world ocean. The Arctic Ocean includes the North Pole region in the middle of the Northern Hemisphere and extends south to about 60°N. The Arctic Ocean is surrounded by Eurasia and North America, and the borders follow topographic features: the Bering Strait on the Pacific side and the Greenland Scotland Ridge on the Atlantic side. It is mostly covered by sea ice throughout the year and almost completely in winter. The Arctic Ocean's surface temperature and salinity vary seasonally as the ice cover melts and freezes; its salinity is the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tundra
In physical geography, a tundra () is a type of biome where tree growth is hindered by frigid temperatures and short growing seasons. There are three regions and associated types of tundra: #Arctic, Arctic, Alpine tundra, Alpine, and #Antarctic, Antarctic. Tundra vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, Cyperaceae, sedges, Poaceae, grasses, mosses, and lichens. Scattered trees grow in some tundra regions. The ecotone (or ecological boundary region) between the tundra and the forest is known as the tree line or timberline. The tundra soil is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus. The soil also contains large amounts of biomass and decomposed biomass that has been stored as methane and carbon dioxide in the permafrost, making the tundra soil a carbon sink. As global warming heats the ecosystem and causes soil thawing, the permafrost carbon cycle accelerates and releases much of these soil-contained greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, creating Climate change feedback, a feedback cycle t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alectoria Ochroleuca s
{{Disambiguation, genus ...
Alectoria may refer to: * ''Alectoria'' (fungus), a genus of lichenized fungi * ''Alectoria'' (insect), a monotypic genus of bush crickets or katydids in the subfamily Phaneropterinae * ''Alectoria'', a genus of birds in the family Phasianidae; synonym of ''Alectoris'' *Alectoria (stone), a purportedly magic crystal, found in the gizzards of rooster The chicken (''Gallus gallus domesticus'') is a domesticated subspecies of the red junglefowl (''Gallus gallus''), originally native to Southeast Asia. It was first domesticated around 8,000 years ago and is now one of the most common and w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bryocaulon Divergens
''Bryocaulon'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution in north temperate regions, and contains three species. The genus was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed by Swedish lichenologist Ingvar Kärnefelt in 1986. See also *List of Parmeliaceae genera References Parmeliaceae Lichen genera Lecanorales genera Taxa described in 1986 Taxa named by Ingvar Kärnefelt {{Parmeliaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fumarprotocetraric Acid
Fumarprotocetraric acid is a chemical compound with the chemical formula . It is a secondary metabolite produced by a variety of lichens. Occurrence Fumarprotocetraric acid is mainly known for its occurrence in Iceland moss (''Cetraria islandica''), where it is present in a mass fraction of 1–2% (dried thallus). In addition, fumarprotocetraric acid has been detected in many other lichens, including: * '' Callopisma teicholytum'' [] * ''Cetraria fahluensis'' [] * ''Cetraria islandica'' [] * '' Cladina rangiferina'' [] * ''Cladina silvatica'' [] * ''Cladonia chlorophaea'' [] * ''Cladonia fimbriata'' [] var. apolepta [] f. coniocraea [] * ''Cladonia fimbriata'' [] var. cornuto-radiata [] * ''Cladonia fimbriata'' [] var. simplex [] f. major [] * ''Cladonia fimbriata'' [] var. simplex [] f. minor [] * ''Cladonia foliacea'' [] var. alcicornis [] * ''Cladonia foliacea'' [] var. convoluta [] * ''Cladonia furcata'' [] var. pinnata [] * ''Cladonia furcata'' [] var. racemosa [] * ''Cladon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bryoria Nitidula
''Bryoria'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. Many members of this genus are known as horsehair lichens. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in boreal and cool temperate areas. Taxonomy ''Bryoria'' was circumscribed in 1977 by lichenologists Irwin Brodo and David Hawksworth, with ''Bryoria trichodes'' as the type species. Molecular studies have revealed that the genus originated approximately 11.5 million years ago during the Miocene period. The genus comprises several sections, including a recently revised understanding of section ''Bryoria'', which is now known to be polyphyletic and divided into two distinct clades. The first group (''Bryoria'' clade 1) has been placed in an emended section ''Americanae'', which is primarily restricted to western North America and the Himalayan region, with ''B. americana'' being the only widely distributed species in this section. Molecular studies by Velmala et al. (2014) and Boluda et al. (2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
