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Gong Shi
Gong Shi () was a policy in ancient China during the reigns of emperors Emperor Dezong of Tang, Dezong () and Emperor Shunzong of Tang, Shunzong () of the Tang dynasty in which the emperor would send Eunuchs in China, eunuchs to civilian markets to purchase goods by force at very low prices. This system was abolished by Reformists led by Wang Shuwen () under the rule of Emperor Shunzong. History Researches published by City University of Hong Kong and Fudan University show that the earliest record of Gong Shi can be traced back to 707, according to two biographic sketches of Emperor Zhongzong of Tang, Emperor Zhongzong (). At first, the Gong Shi was merely certain kind of imperial entertainment, until the period of the Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, Emperor Xuanzong (), when the entertainment tended to become a commercial practice adopted to serve the need of the palace. Before the ''Zhenyuan'' () period of the reign of Emperor Dezong, if the palace required supplies, then the off ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emperor Of China
Throughout Chinese history, "Emperor" () was the superlative title held by the monarchs of imperial China's various dynasties. In traditional Chinese political theory, the emperor was the " Son of Heaven", an autocrat with the divine mandate to rule all under Heaven. Emperors were worshiped posthumously under an imperial cult. The lineage of emperors descended from a paternal family line constituted a dynasty, and succession in most cases theoretically followed agnatic primogeniture. The emperor of China was an absolute monarch. During the Han dynasty, Confucianism gained sanction as the official political theory. The absolute authority of the emperor came with a variety of governing duties and moral obligations; failure to uphold these was thought to remove the dynasty's Mandate of Heaven and to justify its overthrow. In practice, emperors sometimes avoided the strict rules of succession and dynasties' purported "failures" were detailed in official histories written by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cash (Chinese Coin)
The cash or ''qian'' was a type of coin of China and the East Asian cultural sphere, Sinosphere, used from the 4th century BCE until the 20th century, characterised by their round outer shape and a square center hole ( zh, c=方穿, poj=hong-chhoan, j=fong1 cyun1, p=fāng chuān). Originally cast during the Warring States period, these coins continued to be used for the entirety of Imperial China. The last Chinese cash coins were cast in the first year of the Republic of China (1912–49), Republic of China. Generally most cash coins were made from copper or bronze alloys, with iron, lead, and zinc coins occasionally used less often throughout Chinese history. Rare silver and gold cash coins were also produced. During most of their production, cash coins were Cast coinage, cast, but during the late Qing dynasty, Milled coinage, machine-struck cash coins began to be made. As the cash coins produced over Chinese history were similar, thousand year old cash coins produced during the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bai Juyi
Bai Juyi (also Bo Juyi or Po Chü-i; , Mandarin Chinese, Mandarin pinyin ''Bǎi Jūyì''; 772–846), courtesy name Letian (樂天), was a Chinese musician, poet, and politician during the Tang dynasty. Many of his poems concern his career or observations made about everyday life, including as governor of three different provinces. He achieved fame as a writer of verse in a low-key, near vernacular style that was popular throughout medieval East Asia. Bai was also influential in the historical development of Japanese literature, where he is better known by the on'yomi reading of his courtesy name, Haku Rakuten (shinjitai: 白楽天). His younger brother Bai Xingjian was a short story writer. Among his most famous works are the long narrative poems "Chang Hen Ge (poem), Chang Hen Ge" ("Song of Everlasting Sorrow"), which tells the story of Yang Guifei, and "Pipa xing" ("Song of the Pipa"). Life Bai Juyi lived during the Tang poetry#Middle Tang, Middle Tang period. This was a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Daily
The ''People's Daily'' ( zh, s=人民日报, p=Rénmín Rìbào) is the official newspaper of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). It provides direct information on the policies and viewpoints of the CCP in multiple languages. It is the largest newspaper in the China, People's Republic of China (PRC). History The paper was established on 15 June 1948 and was published in Pingshan County, Hebei. It was formed from the merger of the ''Jin-Cha-Ji Daily'' and the newspapers of the Jin-Ji-Lu-Yu base area. On 15 March 1949, its office was moved to Beijing, and the original People's Daily Beijing edition was renamed ''Beijing Liberation Daily''. The newspaper ceased publication on 31 July 1949, with a total of 406 issues published. Since the newspaper was the official newspaper of the North China Central Bureau of the CCP, it was historically known as the ''North China People's Daily'' or the ''People's Daily North China Edition''. At the same time, in order ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhang Lifan
Zhang Lifan ( zh, c=章立凡, p=Zhāng Lìfán, born July 1950), is a Chinese writer, scholar and historian. Biography Zhang's father, Zhang Naiqi (), was one of the founders of the China National Democratic Association, Zhang's mother is Zhang Caiping (). Zhang spent his childhood in his hometown of Beijing. He attended High School attached to Tsinghua University (). In 1957, Zhang Naiqi, Zhang Bojun (), Chu Anping () and Luo Longji () were picked out as right wingers. On 8 June 1957, Zhang Naiqi was removed from his posts and taken to be prosecuted. Zhang Lifan was punished because of his father. On 13 May 1977, Zhang Naiqi died of illness in a Beijing Hospital basement. After the Cultural Revolution, Zhang Lifan was educated in the Institute of Modern History of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (). Views Zhang Lifan is known as one of the most outspoken liberal-minded scholars in China and has often been critical of the Chinese Communist Party, which in 2013 lead t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chen Yinke
Chen Yinke, or Chen Yinque (3 July 18907 October 1969), was a Chinese historian, linguist, orientalist, politician, and writer. He was a fellow of Academia Sinica, considered one of the most original and creative historians in 20th century China. His representative works are ''Draft essays on the origins of Sui and Tang institutions'' (), ''Draft outline of Tang political history'' (), and ''An Alternative Biography of Liu Rushi'' (). Chen, together with Lü Simian, Chen Yuan and Ch'ien Mu, was known as the "Four Greatest Historians" of Modern China (現代四大史學家). Chen knew many languages; he was well-versed in Sanskrit and Pali, and had an understanding of various other languages including Mongolian, Manchu, Persian, English, French, German, Latin, Greek, and Japanese. Biography Early life Chen Yinke was born in Changsha, Hunan in 1890, and his ancestral home was Yining, Jiangxi (now Xiushui County, Jiujiang). Yinke's father Chen Sanli was a famous poet, one ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sinologist
Sinology, also referred to as China studies, is a subfield of area studies or East Asian studies involved in social sciences and humanities research on China. It is an academic discipline that focuses on the study of the Chinese civilization primarily through Chinese language, history, culture, literature, philosophy, art, music, cinema, and science. Its origin "may be traced to the examination which Chinese scholars made of their own civilization." The academic field of sinology often refers to Western scholarship. Until the 20th century, it was historically seen as equivalent to philology concerning the Chinese classics and other literature written in the Chinese language. Since then, the scope of sinology has expanded to include Chinese history and palaeography, among other subjects. Terminology The terms ''sinology'' and ''sinologist'' were coined around 1838, derived from Late Latin , in turn from the Greek , from the Arabic —which ultimately derive from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scoundrels In The Five Workshops
Scoundrel or Scoundrels may refer to: Books * ''Scoundrel'', a 1996 romance novel by Elizabeth Elliott * ''Scoundrel'' (book), a 2022 book by Sarah Weinman * ''Scoundrel'' (novel), a 2004 novel by Bernard Cornwell * ''Scoundrels'' (novel), a 2017 novel by Duncan Crowe and James Peak * '' Star Wars: Scoundrels'', a 2013 novel by Timothy Zahn Other uses * ''Kaminey ''Kaminey'' () is a 2009 Indian Hindi-language action film written and directed by Vishal Bhardwaj and produced by Ronnie Screwvala under UTV Motion Pictures, featuring Shahid Kapoor in a dual role, alongside Priyanka Chopra and Amole Gupte in ...'', or ''Scoundrels'', a 2009 Indian action film by Vishal Bhardwaj * Scoundrels (band), a UK blues-rock band * "Scoundrels" (''Law & Order'' episode), a 1994 episode of ''Law & Order'' * ''Scoundrels'' (TV series), a 2010 comedy-drama TV series on ABC * The Scoundrels, an American band, formed by members of The Echoes (American group) * Scoundrel (restaurant), a re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Hong Kong
The University of Hong Kong (HKU) is a public research university in Pokfulam, Hong Kong. It was founded in 1887 as the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese by the London Missionary Society and formally established as the University of Hong Kong in 1911. It is the oldest tertiary institution in Hong Kong. The university was established and proposed by Governor Sir Frederick Lugard in an effort to compete with the other Great Powers opening universities in China. The university's governance consists of three bodies: the Court, the Council, and the Senate. These three bodies all have their own separate roles. The Court acts as the overseeing and legislative body of the university, the Council acts as governing body of the University, and the Senate as the principal academic authority of the university. The university currently has ten academic faculties and 20 residential halls and colleges for its students, with English being its main medium of instruction and asses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Donkey
The donkey or ass is a domesticated equine. It derives from the African wild ass, ''Equus africanus'', and may be classified either as a subspecies thereof, ''Equus africanus asinus'', or as a separate species, ''Equus asinus''. It was domesticated in Africa some years ago, and has been used mainly as a working animal since that time. There are more than 40 million donkeys in the world, mostly in underdeveloped countries, where they are used principally as Working animal, draught or pack animal, pack animals. While working donkeys are often associated with those living at or below subsistence, small numbers of donkeys or asses are kept for breeding, as pets, and for livestock protection in developed countries. An adult male donkey is a ''jack'' or ''jackass'', an adult female is a ''jenny'' or ''jennet'', and an immature donkey of either sex is a ''foal''. Jacks are often mated with horse, female horses (mares) to produce ''mule, mules''; the less common hybrid of a stalli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silk
Silk is a natural fiber, natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be weaving, woven into textiles. The protein fiber of silk is composed mainly of fibroin and is most commonly produced by certain insect larvae to form cocoon (silk), cocoons. The best-known silk is obtained from the cocoons of the larvae of the mulberry silkworm ''Bombyx mori'' reared in captivity (sericulture). The shimmering appearance of silk is due to the triangular Prism (optics), prism-like structure of the silk fibre, which allows silk cloth to refract incoming light at different angles, thus producing different colors. Harvested silk is produced by several insects; but, generally, only the silk of various moth caterpillars has been used for textile manufacturing. There has been some research into other types of silk, which differ at the molecular level. Silk is mainly produced by the larvae of insects undergoing holometabolism, complete metamorphosis, but some insects, such as webspinners and Gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
