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Giovanni Francesco Negroni
Giovanni Francesco Negroni (1629 – 1713) was a Roman Catholic Church, Catholic Cardinal (Catholicism), cardinal who served as Bishop of Faenza from 1687 to 1697, and as Legate (i.e. Governor) of Bologna from 1687 to 1690. Life Giovanni Francesco Negroni was born in Genoa, Genua on 3 October 1629 to a senatorial family. He graduated in Doctor of both laws, utroque iure in Perugia. He took up a career in the administration of the Papal States: governor of Terni in 1658, Vice-legato of Romagna in 1661, Governor of Jesi in 1663, Governor of Orvieto in 1664, Governor of Spoleto in 1665 and in the same year he was appointed Protonotary apostolic. Governor of Perugia in 1668. In 1669 or 1670 he purchased the title of clerk of the Apostolic Camera in Rome. In October 1679 in Rome he took the offices of Prefect of the Annona with the responsibility for the grain supply to the city of Rome, and in 1681 he became General Treasurer of the Apostolic Camera, working with Pope Innocent XI ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bishop Of Faenza
The Diocese of Faenza-Modigliana () is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in Italy."Diocese of Faenza-Modigliana" ''Catholic-Hierarchy.org''. David M. Cheney. Retrieved October 7, 2016. "Diocese of Faenza-Modigliana" ''GCatholic.org''. Gabriel Chow. Retrieved October 7, 2016. It was created in 1986 through a merger of the diocese of Faenza and the diocese of Modigliana. Originally the Diocese of Faenza (Faventia) was a suffragan (subordinate) of the Archbishop of Ravenna. In 1582 the diocese of Bologna was raised to the status of a metropolitan archbishopric by Pope ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terni
Terni ( ; ; ) is a city in the southern portion of the region of Umbria, in Central Italy. It is near the border with Lazio. The city is the capital of the province of Terni, located in the plain of the Nera (Tiber), River Nera. It is northeast of Rome and 81 km south of the regional capital, Perugia. The Latin name means "between-two-rivers", in reference to its location on the confluence of the Nera river (Umbrian language, Ancient Umbrian ''Nahar'', ) and the Serra stream. When disambiguation was needed, it was referred to as ''Interamna Nahars''. Its inhabitants were known in Latin as ''Interamnātēs Na(ha)rtēs''. Interamna was founded as an Ancient Roman town, albeit settlements in the Terni area well precede this occurrence. During the 19th century, steel mills were introduced and led the city to have a role in the Second Industrial Revolution in Italy. Because of its industrial importance, the city was heavily bombed during World War II by the Allies of World War I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manifesto
A manifesto is a written declaration of the intentions, motives, or views of the issuer, be it an individual, group, political party, or government. A manifesto can accept a previously published opinion or public consensus, but many prominent manifestos—such as ''The Communist Manifesto'' (1848) and those of various artistic movements—reject accepted knowledge in favor of a new idea. Manifestos relating to religious belief are generally referred to as ''creeds'' or ''confessions of faith''. Etymology The Italian word , itself derived from the Latin , meaning "clear" or "conspicuous". Its first recorded use in English is from 1620, in Nathaniel Brent's translation of the Italian from Paolo Sarpi's ''History of the Council of Trent'': "To this citation he made answer by a Manifesto" (p. 102). Similarly, "They were so farre surprised with his Manifesto, that they would never suffer it to be published" (p. 103).''Oxford English Dictionary,'' s.v. “manifesto (n.) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1691 Papal Conclave
The 1691 papal conclave was convened on the death of Pope Alexander VIII and ended with the election of Cardinal Antonio Pignatelli as Pope Innocent XII. It lasted for five months, from 12 February to 12 July 1691. The conclave became deadlocked after the Catholic monarchs opposed the election of Gregorio Barbarigo, who some members of the College of Cardinals also viewed as too strict. The conclave only ended in July when cardinals started to become ill from the heat, and after French cardinals agreed to vote for Pignatelli despite him coming from Spanish-controlled Naples. Background Issues of Gallicanism were prominent in the 1689 conclave that had elected Alexander VIII. Alexander's predecessor, Innocent XI, had refused to confirm new French bishops to the point where thirty-five dioceses lacked a bishop confirmed by Rome in 1688. Alexander's election had been secured by promising that he would confirm the unconfirmed French bishops. Despite this, Alexander's last act as po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jesuits
The Society of Jesus (; abbreviation: S.J. or SJ), also known as the Jesuit Order or the Jesuits ( ; ), is a religious order (Catholic), religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rome. It was founded in 1540 by Ignatius of Loyola and six companions, with the approval of Pope Paul III. The Society of Jesus is the largest religious order in the Catholic Church and has played significant role in education, charity, humanitarian acts and global policies. The Society of Jesus is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 countries. Jesuits work in education, research, and cultural pursuits. They also conduct retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social and humanitarian works, and promote Ecumenism, ecumenical dialogue. The Society of Jesus is consecrated under the patron saint, patronage of Madonna della Strada, a title of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and it is led by a Superior General of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcantonio Barbarigo
Marcantonio Barbarigo (6 March 1640 – 26 May 1706) was an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the founder of the Pontifical Institute of the Religious Teachers Filippini and also founded both the Religious Teachers Filippini of Montefiascone and the Augustinian Sisters of Divine Love. He was the great-uncle of Pope Clement XIII and was a relative of Gregorio Barbarigo. In the process towards sainthood Pope Benedict XVI approved that he lived a life of heroic virtue and bestowed upon him the title of Venerable in 2007. Biography Marcantonio Barbarigo was born on 6 March 1640 in Venice. Barbarigo studied in Padua where he earned a doctorate in both canon law and civil law. He abandoned a successful diplomatic career in order to follow his religious vocation. Bishop of Corfu Barbarigo was ordained to the priesthood in Padua and Pope Innocent XI later appointed him as the Bishop of Corfu in 1678. His relative Gregorio Barbarigo bestowed upon him episcopal co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Episcopal Consecration
A bishop is an ordained member of the clergy who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance and administration of dioceses. The role or office of the bishop is called episcopacy or the episcopate. Organisationally, several Christian denominations utilise ecclesiastical structures that call for the position of bishops, while other denominations have dispensed with this office, seeing it as a symbol of power. Bishops have also exercised political authority within their dioceses. Traditionally, bishops claim apostolic succession, a direct historical lineage dating back to the original Twelve Apostles or Saint Paul. The bishops are by doctrine understood as those who possess the full priesthood given by Jesus Christ, and therefore may ordain other clergy, including other bishops. A person ordained as a deacon, priest (i.e. presbyter), and then bishop is understood to hol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
San Cesareo De Appia
San Cesareo in Palatio or San Caesareo de Appia () is a titular church in Rome dedicated to Saint Caesarius of Terracina, a 2nd-century deacon and martyr. It is located near Casina del Cardinal Bessarione on Via di Porta San Sebastiano and the beginning of the Appian Way. The present church was constructed in the early 17th century, but the church could trace its origin to the 4th century. History Origins In the 4th century, Emperor Valentinian I's daughter was cured at the shrine of Caesarius at Terracina, the site of his martyrdom. The emperor (who reigned in AD 364–375) then decided to move his relics to Rome. They were taken to a church on the Palatine Hill, and when they were later moved to a new church, that church got the name "in Palatio", "at the Palace". It is also known as San Cesareo de Appia. Excavations have revealed a Roman bath on the site from the 2nd or 3rd century, with a huge black and white mosaic depicting Neptune and marine creatures, along with founda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cardinal Deacon
A cardinal is a senior member of the clergy of the Catholic Church. As titular members of the clergy of the Diocese of Rome, they serve as advisors to the pope, who is the bishop of Rome and the visible head of the worldwide Catholic Church. Cardinals are chosen and formally created by the pope, and typically hold the title for life. Collectively, they constitute the College of Cardinals. The most solemn responsibility of the cardinals is to elect a new pope in a conclave, almost always from among themselves, with a few historical exceptions, when the Holy See is vacant. During the period between a pope's death or resignation and the election of his successor, the day-to-day governance of the Holy See is in the hands of the College of Cardinals. The right to participate in a conclave is limited to cardinals who have not reached the age of 80 years by the day the vacancy occurs. With the pope, cardinals collectively participate in papal consistories, in which matters of import ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apostolic Camera
The Apostolic Camera (), formerly known as the was an office in the Roman Curia. It was the central board of finance in the papal administrative system and at one time was of great importance in the government of the States of the Church and in the administration of justice, led by the Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, originally known as ''camerarius (''chamberlain). In 2022, Pope Francis's apostolic constitution abolished the office as of 5 June. History The office of camerarius (chamberlain) was established by Pope Urban II. Since the middle of the 12th century the Papal chamberlain (') was a regular member of the Curia, entrusted with the financial management of the papal court. At that early period the income of the papal treasury came chiefly from many kinds of censuses, dues, and tributes paid in from the territory subject to the Pope, and from churches and monasteries immediately dependent on him. Cencius Camerarius (later Pope Honorius III, r. 1216–1227) ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spoleto
Spoleto (, also , , ; ) is an ancient city in the Italian province of Perugia in east-central Umbria on a foothill of the Apennines. It is south of Trevi, north of Terni, southeast of Perugia; southeast of Florence; and north of Rome. History Spoleto was situated on the eastern branch of the Via Flaminia, which forked into two roads at Narni and rejoined at , near Foligno. An ancient road also ran hence to Norcia, Nursia. The of the 1st century BC still exists. The forum lies under today's marketplace. Located at the head of a large, broad valley, surrounded by mountains, Spoleto has long occupied a strategic geographical position. It appears to have been an important town to the original Umbri tribes, who built walls around their settlement in the 5th century BC, some of which are visible today. The first historical mention of is the notice of the foundation of a colony there in 241 BC; and it was still, according to Cicero "": a Latin colony in 95 BC. After the Bat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
