A manifesto is a written declaration of the intentions, motives, or views of the issuer, be it an individual, group,

political party A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular area's elections. It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific political ideology, ...

, or government. A manifesto can accept a previously published opinion or public consensus, but many prominent manifestos—such as ''

The Communist Manifesto ''The Communist Manifesto'' (), originally the ''Manifesto of the Communist Party'' (), is a political pamphlet written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, commissioned by the Communist League and originally published in London in 1848. The ...

'' (1848) and those of various artistic movements—reject accepted knowledge in favor of a new idea. Manifestos relating to

religious belief A belief is a subjective attitude that something is true or a state of affairs is the case. A subjective attitude is a mental state of having some stance, take, or opinion about something. In epistemology, philosophers use the term "belief ...

are generally referred to as ''

creed A creed, also known as a confession of faith, a symbol, or a statement of faith, is a statement of the shared beliefs of a community (often a religious community) which summarizes its core tenets. Many Christian denominations use three creeds ...

s'' or ''confessions of faith''.

Etymology

The Italian word , itself derived from the

Latin Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area aroun ...

, meaning "clear" or "conspicuous". Its first recorded use in English is from 1620, in Nathaniel Brent's translation of the Italian from Paolo Sarpi's ''History of the

Council of Trent The Council of Trent (), held between 1545 and 1563 in Trent (or Trento), now in northern Italy, was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church. Prompted by the Protestant Reformation at the time, it has been described as the "most ...

'': "To this citation he made answer by a Manifesto" (p. 102). Similarly, "They were so farre surprised with his Manifesto, that they would never suffer it to be published" (p. 103).''

Oxford English Dictionary The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' (''OED'') is the principal historical dictionary of the English language, published by Oxford University Press (OUP), a University of Oxford publishing house. The dictionary, which published its first editio ...

,'' s.v. “manifesto (n.),” July 2023, https://doi.org/10.1093/OED/6450578191. ''From N. Brent, translation of P. Sarpi,'' Historie of Councel of Trent ''103.''

Notable examples

* '' The Declaration of Independence of the United States'' (1776) by the Committee of Five * ''

'' (1848) by

Karl Marx Karl Marx (; 5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German philosopher, political theorist, economist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. He is best-known for the 1848 pamphlet '' The Communist Manifesto'' (written with Friedrich Engels) ...

and

Friedrich Engels Friedrich Engels ( ;"Engels"
''Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary''.Mein Kampf (; ) is a 1925 Autobiography, autobiographical manifesto by Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler. The book outlines many of Political views of Adolf Hitler, Hitler's political beliefs, his political ideology and future plans for Nazi Germany, Ge ...

'' (1925) by

Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his suicide in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the lea ...

* '' Industrial Society and Its Future'' (1995) by Theodore John Kaczynski * '' The Agile Manifesto'' (2001) by Martin Fowler and Jim Highsmith * '' The Revolution: A Manifesto'' (2008) by Ron Paul

References

External links

* {{Authority control Academic works about politics Election campaigning