Gion, Kyoto
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Gion, Kyoto
is a district of Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto, Japan, originating as an entertainment district in the Sengoku period, in front of Yasaka Shrine (Gion Shrine). The district was built to accommodate the needs of travellers and visitors to the shrine. It eventually evolved to become one of the most exclusive and well-known geisha districts in all of Japan. Gion is the Japanese translation (via Chinese ''Qiyuan'') of the Buddhist term Jetavana. Yasaka Shrine, located in this district is the center of the Gion faith. The geisha in Kyoto do not refer to themselves as geisha, instead using the local term . While the term geisha means "artist" or "person of the arts", the more direct term means essentially "a woman of art". Divisions Gion houses two , or geisha districts: and . The two were originally the same district, but split many years ago. Gion Kobu is larger, occupying most of the district including the famous Hanamikoji street, while Gion Higashi is smaller and occupies the n ...
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Kamo River
The is located in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. The riverbanks are popular walking spots for residents and tourists. In summer, restaurants open balconies looking out to the river. There are walkways running alongside the river, and some stepping stones that cross the river. The water level of the river is usually relatively low; less than one meter in most places. During the East Asian rainy season, rainy season, however, the walkways sometimes flood in their lower stretches. It is known for the two Kamo Shrines on its course: Kamigamo Shrine and Shimogamo Shrine and the shared Chinju no Mori between them Tadasu no Mori, Tadasu-no-mori. Geography The Kamo River has its source in the mountains in the area of Mount Sajikigatake, around the boundary of Kumogahata village and Keihoku village in the Kita-ku, Kyoto, northern ward of Kyoto. Flowing into the Kyoto Basin from the city area called Kamigamo in the same northern ward of the city, from there it bends south-east and, around th ...
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Shirakawa River
The is a river in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. The river originates in the foothills of Mount Hiei on the outskirts of Kyoto, winds through the Geisha district of Gion, and eventually flows into the Kamo River. Its name, which means "white river" in Japanese, probably refers to the white coloured sand and gravel that it carries from the hills east of Kyoto. Many ochaya (geisha houses) and restaurants line the banks of the Shirakawa as it passes through the geisha district of Gion, in Kyoto. Shirakawa-suna Most Japanese rock gardens in Kyoto have historically used gravel as one of their design elements. Sourced from the upper reaches of the Shirakawa River it is known as ''Shirakawa-suna'', (白川砂利, "Shirakawa-sand") despite the individual pieces being much bigger than the grains of what is regarded as normal ''suna'' (sand). The individual pieces vary from 2 mm to up to even 30 to 50 mm in size. This type of muted black-speckled granite which is known for its rather mu ...
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Kennin-ji
is a historic Zen Buddhist temple in Kyoto, Japan, and head temple of its associated branch of Rinzai Buddhism. It is considered to be one of the so-called Kyoto ''Gozan'' or "five most important Zen temples of Kyoto". History Kennin-ji was founded in 1202 CE and claims to be the oldest Zen temple in Kyoto. The temple was a replica of public Chinese monasteries found Zhejiang Province, which Japanese monks often frequented during the thirteenth century. The monk Eisai, credited with introducing Zen to Japan, served as Kennin-ji's founding abbot and is buried on the temple grounds. For its first years the temple combined Zen, Tendai, and Shingon practices, but it became a purely Zen institution under the eleventh abbot, (1213–1278). However, the various elements that Eisai is said to have adopted from Japanese Tendai were actually elements associated with Chan Buddhism from the public monasteries of the Song dynasty. Ground plans from the Song dynasty still exist for thr ...
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Ichiriki Tei
The , formerly , is an historic ("tea house") in Kyoto, Japan. It is located at the southeast corner of Shijō Street and Hanami Lane, its entrance right at the heart of the Gion Kobu district. It is considered an exclusive and high-end establishment; access is invitation only while its fame is often associated with the event. The 9th teahouse proprietor is Jirou-emon Sugiura. History The Ichiriki is more than 300 years old, and has been a major centerpiece of Gion since the beginning of the entertainment district. Like other in Gion, the Ichiriki is used to hold parties () by geisha, the Ichiriki in particular having traditionally entertained men of political and business power. The house is run by the family, and the nameplate on the entrance gate reads , the name of the 9th generation head. Name The curtains at the entrance feature the characters and printed in black on a dark red ground, arranged to resemble the character . It is said that the establishment was or ...
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Hanami
is the Japanese traditional custom of enjoying the transient beauty of flowers; in this case almost always mean those of the or, less frequently, trees. From the end of March to early May, cherry trees bloom all over Japan, and around the second week of January on the island of Okinawa. The is announced each year by the Japan Meteorological Agency and watched carefully by those planning ''hanami,'' as the blossoms only last a week or two. In modern-day Japan, ''hanami'' mostly consists of having an outdoor party beneath the sakura during daytime or at night. In some contexts the Sino-Japanese term is used instead, particularly for festivals. ''Hanami'' at night is called . In many places such as Ueno Park temporary paper lanterns are hung for the purpose of ''yozakura''. On the island of Okinawa, decorative electric lanterns are hung in the trees for evening enjoyment, such as on the trees ascending Mt. Yae, near Motobu Town, or at the Nakijin Castle. A more ancient f ...
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Shijō Street
runs in the center of Kyoto, Japan from east to west through the commercial center of the city. Shijō literally means ''Fourth Avenue'' of Heian-kyō, the ancient capital. History The section between Shinkyōgoku street and the vicinity of the east side of the Tenjingawa river corresponds to the Shijō Ōji Avenue (四条大路) of the Heian-kyō. After the road was widened in 1911, it developed as an important traffic artery. The Shijō school of art derives its name from this street, since many artists were located there. Along the street The eastern end of the street is Yasaka Shrine and the western end is Matsunoo Shrine. The street is particularly busy with pedestrians and traffic from the east end to Karasuma Street. The east end passes through the courtesan's district of Gion, with the historic street of Hanami Lane branching off to the south, with the famous Ichiriki Chaya at the corner. It then crosses the Kamo River at Shijō Bridge, and from the ...
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Off-track Betting
Off-track betting (or OTB; in British English, off-course betting) is sanctioned gambling on greyhound racing or horse racing outside a race track. U.S. history Before the 1970s, only the state of Nevada allowed off-track betting. Off-track betting in New York was legalized in 1970, after years of unsuccessful attempts. By the 1970s there were 100 betting parlors in New York City, and twice that number by the late 1980s. In New York City, the thought was that legal off-track betting would increase revenue while at the same time decrease illegal gambling activity, but one effect of the legalization was a decrease of revenue at racetracks. The 1978 Interstate Horseracing Act struck a compromise between the interests of horse tracks and owners, the state, and OTB parlors, and stipulated that OTB revenues were to be distributed among the tracks, the horse owners, and the state. Another stipulation was that no OTB parlor was allowed to operate within of a track. Revenues at the trac ...
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Pachinko
is a mechanical game originating in Japan that is used as an arcade game, and much more frequently for gambling. Pachinko fills a niche in Gambling in Japan, Japanese gambling comparable to that of the slot machine in the West as a form of low-stakes, low-strategy gambling. Pachinko parlors are widespread in Japan, and usually also feature a number of slot machines (called ''pachislo'' or pachislots) so these venues look and operate similarly to casinos. Modern pachinko machines have both mechanical and electrical components. Gambling for cash is illegal in Japan, but the widespread popularity of low-stakes pachinko in Japanese society has enabled a specific legal loophole allowing it to exist. Pachinko balls won from games cannot be exchanged directly for money in the parlor, nor can they be removed from the premises or exchanged with other parlors. However, they can be legally traded to the parlor for so-called "special prize" tokens (特殊景品 ''tokushu keihin''), whic ...
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Miyako Odori
The is one of the four great spring shows in the five geisha districts () of Kyoto, Japan. Festival performances The Miyako Odori takes place four times a day from 1 to 30 April at the Gion Kōbu Kaburen-jo theatre near the Yasaka Shrine. The dances, songs, and theater productions presented in the framework of the Miyako Odori are performed by the (apprentice geisha) and geisha of the Gion quarter. The motifs draw from classical Japanese culture and incorporate everyday life as well as folkloristic elements, for example from the ''Tale of Genji''. A dance in the Miyako Odori may involve 32 and geisha and 20 musicians in identical costumes, often performing in unison. Unlike the Kamogawa Odori, which presents a new programme yearly, the performance of the Miyako Odori is much the same year after year. History The Miyako Odori was first celebrated in 1875, as part of a drive by the mayor of Kyoto to draw tourists to the area and revive the city's reputation following the I ...
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Maiko
A is an apprentice geiko in Kyoto (in Tokyo it is geisha). Their jobs consist of performing songs, dances, and playing the or other traditional Japanese instruments for visitors during banquets and parties, known as . are usually aged 17 to 20, and graduate to geiko status after a period of training that includes traditional dance, the , , and, in Kyoto only, learning the Kyoto dialect. The apprenticeship ranges from a few months to a year or two years, although apprentices too old to dress as may advance to geiko despite still training. Apprentice geisha in other locations in Japan are known by other terms, such as for apprentices in Tokyo. The traditions of apprentice geisha in these areas diverge from those in Kyoto, sometimes to a considerable degree, including an apprentice's appearance and the structure of her apprenticeship. Work In the morning, take lessons in the traditional arts. At night, they dance, sing, play the , and serve visitors at exclusive (teaho ...
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