Ichiriki Tei
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The , formerly , is an historic ("tea house") in
Kyoto Kyoto ( or ; Japanese language, Japanese: , ''Kyōto'' ), officially , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan's largest and most populous island of Honshu. , the city had a population of 1.46 million, making it t ...
,
Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...
. It is located at the southeast corner of Shijō Street and Hanami Lane, its entrance right at the heart of the Gion Kobu district. It is considered an exclusive and high-end establishment; access is invitation only while its fame is often associated with the event. The 9th teahouse
proprietor Ownership is the state or fact of legal possession and control over property, which may be any asset, tangible or intangible. Ownership can involve multiple rights, collectively referred to as ''title'', which may be separated and held by diffe ...
is Jirou-emon Sugiura.


History

The Ichiriki is more than 300 years old, and has been a major centerpiece of Gion since the beginning of the entertainment district. Like other in Gion, the Ichiriki is used to hold parties () by geisha, the Ichiriki in particular having traditionally entertained men of political and business power. The house is run by the family, and the nameplate on the entrance gate reads , the name of the 9th generation head.


Name

The curtains at the entrance feature the characters and printed in black on a dark red ground, arranged to resemble the character . It is said that the establishment was originally called , but in the play (a telling of the story of the
forty-seven rōnin The revenge of the , also known as the or Akō vendetta, was a historical event in Japan in which a band of ''rōnin'' (lordless samurai) avenged the death of their former master on 31 January 1703. The incident has since become legendary. I ...
, based on events at the house), the name was changed by splitting the character into and , disguising the name. Due to the play being a major success, this was then adopted by the house itself, yielding the present name.祇園一力亭
(Gion Ichiriki-tei) (in Japanese)


The forty-seven

The Ichiriki plays a part in the events of the Akō vendetta, an 18th century historical event described by some scholars as a Japanese "national legend". A group of
samurai The samurai () were members of the warrior class in Japan. They were originally provincial warriors who came from wealthy landowning families who could afford to train their men to be mounted archers. In the 8th century AD, the imperial court d ...
became masterless () following the ritual suicide of their , who was sentenced to death for the crime of drawing a sword and injuring a man in the Imperial Palace.
Kira Yoshinaka (October 5, 1641 – January 30, 1703) was a Japanese ''kōke'' (master of ceremonies). His court title was ''Kokushi (officials), Kōzuke no suke (上野介)''. He is famous as the adversary of Asano Naganori in the events of the forty-seven ...
had made a series of verbal insults towards the samurai's master, inciting his attack, but was left unpunished; as a result of this, the masterless samurai plotted to assassinate Yoshinaka for over two years. The samurai, led by Oishi Kuranosuke, realized they would be monitored for signs they were planning to enact revenge. Thus, in an effort to dissuade the suspecting parties and Imperial spies, they sent Kuranosuke to Kyoto, who spent many nights at the Ichiriki earning a reputation as a gambler and a drunkard. As Kuranosuke gave the appearance of becoming more and more relaxed and unprepared, Kira became less active in his suspicions and eventually relaxed his security. Because the Ichiriki provided the cover to mount an attack, the samurai were eventually successful in killing Yoshinaka, but were then forced to commit suicide themselves. This story has been retold numerous times, a genre known as , which has served to increase the fame of the Ichiriki.


The fall of the

As modernisation spread through Japan during the final years of the
Edo period The , also known as the , is the period between 1600 or 1603 and 1868 in the history of Japan, when the country was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and some 300 regional ''daimyo'', or feudal lords. Emerging from the chaos of the Sengok ...
, unrest also spread within the country, with the age of the coming to an end; a number of murders of foreigners had led to tension rising between Japan and the Western powers, and this international pressure led many to question the legitimacy of the 's rule. Much of the plotting to overthrow the shogunate took place in secretive talks at the Ichiriki, disguised as innocent evenings with friends.Martin, John H., and Phyllis G. Martin. ''Kyoto: A Cultural Guide''. North Clarendon: Tuttle, 2002. The plans came to fruition in 1868 when the last agreed to dissolve the shogunate at Nijō Castle.


Access

Access to the Ichiriki is the height of exclusivity; fierce ties to the teahouse must first be established before one can become a patron. Relationships to the teahouse can often be traced back generations, with only these patrons and their guests allowed in. For a brief period of only a few nights in 2006, the Ichiriki, along with five other teahouses in Gion – one from each of the five Kyoto geisha districts – offered general access to a small number of tourists who were unaccompanied by patrons, as part of a tourism promotion program at the request of the Kyoto City Tourist Association.


Services offered

The Ichiriki offers similar services to the other in Kyoto, with and geisha hired from a geisha house () to provide entertainment and conversation to guests at parties. The Ichiriki does not prepare food, but customers can order catering à la carte, which is delivered to the house. Guests can also be shown around the house and see various decorations, such as a miniature display of the forty-seven dating to around 1850.


Architecture

The Ichiriki is structured in the style of traditional
Japanese architecture has been typified by wooden structures, elevated slightly off the ground, with tiled or thatched roofs. Sliding doors ('' fusuma'') and other traditional partitions were used in place of walls, allowing the internal configuration of a space ...
. The structure of the building is mostly wood, and is designed to protect the privacy of its patrons, with the interior gardens not visible from outside the complex. The building also features angled screens to prevent eavesdropping at walls.


Cultural references to the Ichiriki

* The establishment is a major setting in Arthur Golden's fictional portrayal of a Gion geisha's life in '' Memoirs of a Geisha'', though Golden himself never visited the teahouse. * The Ichiriki is a major setting in the play , depicting the story of the forty-seven . * The play ''Ichiriki Teahouse'' centers around the plots against the formulated at the Ichiriki. * Former geisha Sayo Masuda mentions it several times in her work '' Autobiography of a Geisha'', stating that "The Mistress of the Ichiriki was only thirty-four or thirty-five, but she once had been a geisha herself and had suffered terribly to get where she was, so she was kind to us in all sort of ways".


Notes


References


External links

*
祇園一力亭
(Gion Ichiriki-tei – article shows pictures of interior, a private dance show, and the house's matchbox) {{in lang, ja
Ichiriki Chaya Photo Gallery
Buildings and structures in Kyoto Geisha Cultural history of Japan