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Gioachino Greco
Gioachino Greco ( – ), surnamed Cusentino and more frequently ''il Calabrese'', was an Italian chess player and writer. He recorded some of the earliest chess games known in their entirety. His games, which never indicated players, were quite possibly constructs, but served as examples of brilliant combinations. Greco was very likely the strongest player of his time, having played (and defeated) the best players of Rome, Paris, London, and Madrid. Greco's writing was in the form of manuscripts for his patrons, in which he outlined the rules of chess, gave playing advice, and presented instructive games. These manuscripts were later published to a wide audience and became massively influential after his death. Name The name "Greco" is often assumed to be indicative of a Greek heritage. Indeed, Calabria, the region in which Greco was born, has a long history of Greek immigration and use of Greek as the vernacular. One prominent writer, Willard Fiske, even suggests (in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greco Book
Greco may refer to: People * Greco (surname), a list of people with this surname * a masculine variant of Greca (given name), an Italian feminine given name * Greco Mafia clan, one of the most influential Mafia clans in Sicily and Calabria Wine and grapes * Greco (grape), an Italian grape variety of ancient origins * Vino Greco, a generic term for Roman wine made from grapes of Greek origins Other uses * Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, Hellenistic-era Greek kingdom (256–100 BCE) * Greco (district of Milan) * Cape Greco, a headland in the island of Cyprus * Group of States Against Corruption, the Council of Europe's anti-corruption monitoring body * Greco guitars, a Japanese guitar manufacturer * Greco Pizza Restaurant, a food chain in Eastern Canada * Greco Defence, a chess opening * Greco (Chrono Cross), a playable character from ''Chrono Cross'' * Greco, an abbreviation for the Greeks * Greco, a character from the 2010 video game ''James Bond 007: Blood Stone'' * a Greek style one-p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chess Notation
Chess notation systems are used to record either the moves made or the position of the pieces in a game of chess. Chess notation is used in chess literature, and by players keeping a record of an ongoing game. The earliest systems of notation used lengthy narratives to describe each move; these gradually evolved into more compact notation systems. Algebraic chess notation, Algebraic notation is now the accepted international standard, with several variants. Descriptive chess notation was used in English- and Spanish-language literature until the late 20th century, but is now obsolescent. Portable Game Notation (PGN) is a text file format based on English algebraic notation which can be processed by most chess software. Other notation systems include ICCF numeric notation, used for international correspondence chess, and systems for transmission using Morse code over telegraph or radio. The standard system for recording chess positions is Forsyth–Edwards Notation (FEN). Notation s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Draw (chess)
In chess, there are a number of ways that a game can end in a draw, in which neither player wins. Draws are codified by various rules of chess including stalemate (when the player to move is not in check (chess), check but has no legal move), threefold repetition (when the same position occurs three times with the same player to move), and the fifty-move rule (when the last fifty successive moves made by both players contain no or pawn (chess), pawn move). Under the standard FIDE rules, a draw also occurs in a ''dead position'' (when no sequence of legal moves can lead to checkmate), most commonly when neither player has sufficient to checkmate the opponent. Unless specific tournament rules forbid it, players may draw by agreement, agree to a draw at any time. Ethical considerations may make a draw uncustomary in situations where at least one player has a reasonable chance of winning. For example, a draw could be called after a move or two, but this would likely be thought unsp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wrong Rook Pawn
In a chess endgame of a King (chess), king, Bishop (chess), bishop, and Pawn (chess), pawn versus a bare king, or, less commonly, a king, rook (chess), rook, and pawn versus a bishop and king, a wrong rook pawn is a (a pawn on the a- or h-file) whose Promotion (chess), promotion square is the opposite color from the bishop's square color. Since a side's rook pawns promote on opposite-colored squares, and a bishop can only move on one color, one of the pawns may be the "wrong rook pawn". This situation is also known as having the ''wrong-colored bishop'' or ''wrong bishop'' (i.e. the bishop is on the wrong-colored squares in relation to the rook pawn). In many cases, the wrong rook pawn will only draw (chess), draw, when any other pawn would win. This is because the defending side can sometimes get their king to the corner in front of the pawn, after which the attacking side cannot chase the king away to enable promotion. A fairly common defensive tactic is to reach one of these dra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chess Problem
A chess problem, also called a chess composition, is a puzzle created by the composer using chess pieces on a chessboard, which presents the solver with a particular task. For instance, a position may be given with the instruction that White is to move first, and checkmate Black in two moves against any possible defence. A chess problem fundamentally differs from play in that the latter involves a struggle between Black and White, whereas the former involves a competition between the composer and the solver. Most positions which occur in a chess problem are unrealistic in the sense that they are very unlikely to occur in over-the-board play. There is a substantial amount of specialized jargon used in connection with chess problems. Definition The term chess problem is not sharply defined: there is no clear demarcation between chess compositions on the one hand and puzzle or tactical exercises on the other. In practice, however, the distinction is very clear. There are common c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chess Endgame
The endgame (or ending) is the final stage of a chess game which occurs after the middlegame. It begins when few pieces are left on the board. The line between the middlegame and the endgame is often not clear, and may occur gradually or with a quick exchange of pieces. The endgame, however, tends to have different characteristics from the middlegame, and the players have correspondingly different strategic concerns. In particular, pawns become more important as endgames often revolve around attempts to promote a pawn by advancing it to the eighth . The king, which normally is kept safe during the game, becomes active in the endgame, as it can help escort pawns to promotion, attack enemy pawns, protect other pieces, and restrict the movement of the enemy king. Not all chess games reach an endgame; some of them end earlier. All chess positions with up to seven pieces on the board have been solved by endgame tablebases, so the outcome (win, loss, or draw) of best play by bot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smothered Mate
In chess, a smothered mate is a checkmate delivered by a knight in which the mated king is unable to move because it is completely surrounded (or ''smothered'') by its own pieces, which a knight can jump over. The mate is usually seen in a corner of the board, since only three pieces are needed to surround the king there, less than anywhere else. The most common form of smothered mate is seen in the adjacent diagram. The knight on f7 delivers mate to the king on h8, which is prevented from escaping the check by the rook on g8 and the pawns on g7 and h7. Similarly, White can be mated with the white king on h1 and the knight on f2. Analogous mates on a1 and a8 are rarer because castling is more common than castling and brings the king closer to the corner. Methods For a smothered mate to occur in a game, it is usually necessary to sacrifice to compel pieces to smother the king – a player is unlikely to voluntarily surround their king with pieces in a way that makes a smo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Game
The Italian Game is a family of chess openings beginning with the moves: :1. b:Chess Opening Theory/1. e4, e4 b:Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5, e5 :2. b:Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3, Nf3 b:Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6, Nc6 :3. b:Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4, Bc4 This opening is defined by the of the white bishop to c4 (the so-called ""), where it attacks Black's vulnerable f7-square. It is part of the large family of Open Games or Double King's Pawn Games. The Italian Game is one of the oldest recorded chess openings; it occurs in the Göttingen manuscript and was developed by players such as Pedro Damiano, Damiano and Giulio Polerio, Polerio in the 16th century, and later by Gioachino Greco, Greco in 1620, who gave the game its main line. It has been extensively analyzed for more than 300 years. The term ''Italian Game'' is sometimes used interchangeably with Giuoco Piano, although the latter also refers particul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Checkmate Pattern
In chess, certain checkmate patterns that occur frequently have been given specific names in chess literature. By definition, a ''checkmate pattern'' is a recognizable or particular or studied arrangement of pieces that delivers checkmate. The diagrams that follow show these checkmates with White checkmating Black. Anastasia's mate In ''Anastasia's mate'', a knight and rook team up to trap the opposing king between the side of the board on one side and a friendly piece on the other. Often, the queen is first sacrificed along the a- or h-file to achieve the position. A bishop can be used instead of a knight to the same effect (see Greco's mate). This checkmate gets its name from the novel ''Anastasia und das Schachspiel'' by Johann Jakob Wilhelm Heinse, but the novelist took the chess position from an essay by Giambattista Lolli. Anderssen's mate In ''Anderssen's mate'' (named for Adolf Anderssen), the rook or queen is supported by a diagonally attacking piece such as a pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greco Countergambit
The Latvian Gambit (or Greco Countergambit) is a chess opening characterised by the moves: :1. e4 e5 :2. Nf3 f5 It is one of the oldest chess openings, having been analysed in the 16th century by Giulio Cesare Polerio and then the 17th century by Gioachino Greco, after whom it is sometimes named. The opening has the appearance of a King's Gambit with . It is an aggressive but objectively dubious opening for Black which often leads to wild and tricky positions. Nick de Firmian, ''Modern Chess Openings, 15th edition'', Random House Puzzles & Games, 2008, p. 144. . FIDE Master Dennis Monokroussos even goes so far as to describe it as "possibly the worst opening in chess". While Paul van der Sterren observes: The Latvian is, and has always been, uncommon in top-level play, but some correspondence players are devotees. The '' ECO'' code for the Latvian Gambit is C40 (King's Knight Opening). History The opening was originally known as the Greco Countergambit, and some mode ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gary Lane (chess Player)
Gary William Lane (born November 1964) is a British-Australian chess player and author. He became an International Master in 1987 and won the Commonwealth Chess Championship in 1988. He has written over thirty books on chess, including ''Find the Winning Move'', ''Improve Your Chess in 7 Days'' and ''Prepare to Attack''. There have been translations in French, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish. In the 1980s the ITV documentary "To Kill a King" was screened nationwide in Great Britain. It featured a young Michael Adams and Lane. This feature is shown regularly at chess film festivals. Chess career After his marriage to Woman International Master Nancy Jones, he moved to Australia, winning the Australian Chess Championship in 2004. He won the 2005 Oceania Chess Championship and represented Oceania at the Chess World Cup 2005. He has also represented Australia in the 2002, 2004, and 2006 Chess Olympiads. In the 2004 Olympiad he helped Australia score a 2–2 draw with hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Master
FIDE titles are awarded by the international chess governing body FIDE (''Fédération Internationale des Échecs'') for outstanding performance. The highest such title is Grandmaster (GM). Titles generally require a combination of Elo rating and norms (performance benchmarks in competitions including other titled players). Once awarded, titles are held for life except in cases of fraud or cheating. Open titles may be earned by all players, while women's titles are restricted to female players. Many strong female players hold both open and women's titles. FIDE also awards titles for arbiters, organizers and trainers. Titles for correspondence chess, chess problem composition and chess problem solving are no longer administered by FIDE. A chess title, usually in an abbreviated form, may be used as an honorific. For example, Magnus Carlsen may be styled as " GM Magnus Carlsen". History The term "master" for a strong chess player was initially used informally. From the late 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
