|
Italian Game
The Italian Game is a family of chess openings beginning with the moves: :1. e4 e5 :2. Nf3 Nc6 :3. Bc4 This opening is defined by the of the white bishop to c4 (the so-called ""), where it attacks Black's vulnerable f7-square. It is part of the large family of Open Games or Double King's Pawn Games. The Italian Game is one of the oldest recorded chess openings; it occurs in the Göttingen manuscript and was developed by players such as Damiano and Polerio in the 16th century, and later by Greco in 1620, who gave the game its main line. It has been extensively analyzed for more than 300 years. The term ''Italian Game'' is sometimes used interchangeably with Giuoco Piano, although the latter also refers particularly to play after 3...Bc5. The '' Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings'' gives the Italian Game ten codes: C50–C54 for the Giuoco Piano, and C55–C59 for the Two Knights Defense. Side lines are covered under C50. Main variations Black's two main options are 3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King's Knight Opening
The King's Knight Opening is a chess opening consisting of the moves: :1. e4 e5 :2. Nf3 White's second move attacks the e-pawn. Black usually defends this with 2...Nc6, which leads to several named openings. Of the alternatives, the most important are Petrov's Defense (2...Nf6) and Philidor's Defense (2...d6). Main line: 2...Nc6 Most games (more than 80%) continue with 2...Nc6. Some moves from here include: * 3. Bb5: Ruy Lopez ** 3...a6: Ruy Lopez, Morphy Defence (main line) ** 3...Nf6: Ruy Lopez, Berlin Defence ** 3...d6: Ruy Lopez, Steinitz Defence ** 3...f5: Ruy Lopez, Schliemann Defence ** 3...Bc5: Ruy Lopez, Classical Defence * 3. Bc4: Italian Game ** 3...Bc5: Giuoco Piano ** 3...Nf6: Two Knights Defence ** 3...d6: Semi-Italian Opening * 3. d4: Scotch Game * 3. Nc3: Three Knights Game ** 3...Nf6: Four Knights Game ** 3...g6: Three Knights Game (main) * 3. c3: Ponziani Opening Other Black defenses Of the alternatives, 2...Nf6 (Petrov's Defense) is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giambattista Lolli
Giambattista Lolli (1698 – 4 June 1769) was an Italian chess player and one of the most important chess theoreticians of his time. He is most famous for his book ''Osservazioni teorico-pratiche sopra il giuoco degli scacchi'' ( en, Theoretical-practical views on the game of chess), published 1763 in Bologna. Born in Nonantola, Modena, he was one of the Modenese Masters. The checkmate pattern " Lolli's mate" involves infiltrating an opponents fianchetto position using both a pawn and queen, and is named after Giambattista Lolli. Openings Lolli's book contains analyses of chess openings, in particular the Giuoco Piano. Against the Two Knights defense, the line 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Ng5 d5 5.exd5 Nxd5 6. d4 is named the Lolli Variation. In the King's Gambit the variation 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 g5 4.Bc4 g4 5.Bxf7+ is designated the Lolli Gambit. It illustrates the Italian masters' style of uncompromising attack, which clearly differs from the rather more strategic con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chess Opening
A chess opening or simply an opening is the initial stage of a chess game. It usually consists of established theory; the other phases are the middlegame and the endgame. Many opening sequences have standard names such as the " Sicilian Defense". '' The Oxford Companion to Chess'' lists 1,327 named openings and variants, and there are many others with varying degrees of common usage. Opening moves that are considered standard are referred to as "book moves", or simply "book". When a game begins to deviate from known opening theory, the players are said to be "out of book". In some openings, "book" lines have been worked out for over 30 moves, as in the classical King's Indian Defense and in the Najdorf variation of the Sicilian Defense. Professional chess players spend years studying openings, and continue doing so throughout their careers, as opening theory continues to evolve. Players at the club level also study openings but the importance of the opening phase is smalle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Game, Rousseau Gambit
The Rousseau Gambit (or Ponziani Countergambit after Domenico Lorenzo Ponziani) is a chess opening that begins with the moves: :1. e4 e5 :2. Nf3 Nc6 :3. Bc4 f5 The gambit is named after French chess master Eugène Rousseau. White can decline the gambit by supporting the e-pawn with 4. d3. The resulting position is similar to a King's Gambit Declined with colours reversed, and White's aiming at Black's weakened . Black will have trouble castling kingside, and Ng5 is a likely threat. White's position is better, but still requires careful play. Key themes for White are to attack Black's kingside and to avoid attempts by Black to the position. Exchanges involving White's are particularly suspect. White responses Gambit Declined: 4.d3 White can decline the gambit and wait to capture the f-pawn. 4...Bc5 transposes to the Lucchini Gambit. Gambit Accepted: 4.exf5 White still has a good game after the inferior 4.exf5, but the position is less clear. Black usually plays 4.. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Checkmate
Checkmate (often shortened to mate) is any game position in chess and other chess-like games in which a player's king is in check (threatened with ) and there is no possible escape. Checkmating the opponent wins the game. In chess, the king is never actually captured—the player loses as soon as the player's king is checkmated. In formal games, it is usually considered good etiquette to resign an inevitably lost game before being checkmated. If a player is not in check but has no legal move, then it is ''stalemate'', and the game immediately ends in a draw. A checkmating move is recorded in algebraic notation using the hash symbol "#", for example: 34.Qg3#. Examples A checkmate may occur in as few as two moves on one side with all of the pieces still on the board (as in Fool's mate, in the opening phase of the game), in a middlegame position (as in the 1956 game called the Game of the Century between Donald Byrne and Bobby Fischer), or after many moves with as few as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gambit
A gambit (from Italian , the act of tripping someone with the leg to make them fall) is a chess opening in which a player sacrifices with the aim of achieving a subsequent advantage. The word '' gambit'' is also sometimes used to describe similar tactics used by politicians or business people in a struggle with rivals in their respective fields, for example: "The early election was a risky gambit by Theresa May." Terminology The word "gambit" was originally applied to chess openings in 1561 by Spanish priest Ruy López de Segura, from an Italian expression ''dare il gambetto'' (to put a leg forward in order to trip someone). López studied this maneuver, and so the Italian word gained the Spanish form ''gambito'' that led to French ''gambit'', which has influenced the English spelling of the word. The broader sense of "opening move meant to gain advantage" was first recorded in English in 1855. Gambits are most commonly played by White. Some well-known examples of a gamb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Game, Blackburne Shilling Gambit
The Blackburne Shilling Gambit is the name facetiously given to a dubious chess opening, derived from an offshoot of the Italian Game, that begins: :1. e4 e5 :2. Nf3 Nc6 :3. Bc4 Nd4 It is also sometimes referred to as the Kostić Gambit after the Serbian grandmaster Borislav Kostić, who played it in the early 20th century. History Wilhelm Steinitz made the first known mention of this line, noting it in 1895 in the Addenda to his ''Modern Chess Instructor'', Part II. Wilhelm Steinitz, ''The Modern Chess Instructor'', Edition Olms Zürich, 1990 (reprint), p. 63 of Part II. . The earliest game with the opening on chessgames.com, Dunlop–Hicks, New Zealand Championship, dates from 1911. Another early game, mentioned by Bill Wall, is Muhlock–Kostić, Cologne, 1912. The beginning 4.Nxe5 "continues to catch victims, including two in successive rounds at Blackpool 1987". Analysis Black's third move is a weak, time-wasting move. Steinitz recommended 4.0-0 or 4.Nxd4 in res ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albéric O'Kelly De Galway
Albéric Joseph Rodolphe Marie Robert Ghislain O'Kelly de Galway (17 May 1911, in Anderlecht – 3 October 1980, in Brussels) was a Belgian chess Grandmaster (1956), an International Correspondence Chess Grandmaster (1962), and the third ICCF World Champion in correspondence chess (1959–1962). He was also a chess writer. Chess career O'Kelly won the Belgian championships thirteen times between 1937 and 1959. He placed first at Beverwijk 1946. In 1947, he became one of Europe's leading players, having finished first at the 1947 European Zonal tournament at Hilversum, tied for first place with Pirc at Teplice Sanov, and tied for second at Venice. The next year, O'Kelly finished first at São Paulo ahead of Eliskases and Rossetto. He earned the title International Master (IM) in 1950, the first year the title was awarded. He placed first at Dortmund 1951. O'Kelly finished first at the round-robin Utrecht 1961 with 6½/9, followed by Karl Robatsch second with 6 points ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wolfgang Unzicker
Wolfgang Unzicker (26 June 1925 – 20 April 2006) was one of the strongest German chess Grandmasters from 1945 to about 1970. He decided against making chess his profession, choosing law instead. Unzicker was at times the world's strongest amateur chess player, and World Champion Anatoly Karpov called him the "world champion of amateurs". Unzicker was born in Pirmasens, a small town near Kaiserslautern in the province of Rhineland-Palatinate noted for shoemaking. His father taught him how to play chess at age 10. His brother, four years older, was also a chess player but was killed in World War II. Unzicker began to play tournaments abroad in 1948 as Germany was struggling to rebuild after the war, and achieved the grandmaster title in 1954. He won the German Championship six times from 1948 to 1963 and tied for first in 1965. From 1950 to 1978 Unzicker played in twelve Chess Olympiads, and was first board on ten of them. He played nearly 400 times representing Germany's nation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pavel Blatny
Pavel ( Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian and Macedonian: Павел, Czech, Slovene, Romanian: Pavel, Polish: Paweł, Ukrainian: Павло, Pavlo) is a male given name. It is a Slavic cognate of the name Paul (derived from the Greek Pavlos). Pavel may refer to: People Given name * Pavel I of Russia (1754–1801), Emperor of Russia * Paweł Tuchlin (1946–1987), Polish serial killer * Pavel (film director), an Indian Bengali film director * Surname * Ágoston Pável (1886–1946), Hungarian Slovene writer, poet, ethnologist, linguist and historian * Andrei Pavel (born 1974), Romanian tennis coach and former professional tennis player * Claudia Pavel (born 1984), Romanian pop singer and dancer also known as Claudia Cream * Elisabeth Pavel (born 1990), Romanian basketball player * Ernst Pavel, Romanian sprint canoeist who competed in the early 1970s * Harry Pavel (born 1951), German wheelchair curler, 2018 Winter Paralympian * Marcel Pavel (born 1959), Romanian folk si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Semi-Italian Opening
The Semi-Italian Opening (also known as Half Giuoco Piano, Lesser Giuoco Piano, and Paris Defence) is one of Black's responses to the Italian Game.Hooper & Whyld (1996), p. 365. Semi-Italian Opening.Kasparov & Keene (1982), pp. 308, 309. It begins with the moves: :1. e4 e5 :2. Nf3 Nc6 :3. Bc4 d6 Black's intent is to play a Hungarian Defense with an early ...Bg4, fighting for control of the d4-square.Harding & Botterill (1977), pp. 129–30. The line was tried by Alexander Alekhine early in his career.Horowitz (1964), pp. 39–41. The first recorded use in international competition was in 1846. I. A. Horowitz called the defence "solid", also writing: "It does not seem quite sufficient for equality." The ''Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings'' code for the Semi-Italian is C50. Lines Main line: 4.c3 * 4...Bg4 5.d4 Qe7 6.Be3 Nf6 7.Qb3 Nd8 8.Nbd2 g6 9.dxe5 and White was slightly better in Grigory Levenfish–Alexander Tolush, Leningrad 1939. * 4...Qe7 5.d4 g6 or 5.0-0 g6 is sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
