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Germà De Gontaut
Germà de Gontaut (, ; fl. 1355–1386) was an Occitan poet and merchant. Germà is mentioned as a ''mercadier'' (merchant) in the prologue to the final version of the ''Leys d'amor'' of Joan de Castellnou (1355). At that time he was one of the seven maintainers (''mantenidors'') of the Consistori del Gay Saber, an Occitan poetry academy in Toulouse. On 3 May 1386 Germà de Gontaut with Ramon Galbarra judged a ''partimen'' (poetic debate) between Jacme Rovira and Bernat de Palaol for the Consistori del Gay Saber The (; "Consistory of the Gay Science") was a poetic academy founded at Toulouse in 1323 to revive and perpetuate the lyric poetry of the troubadours. Also known as the Acadèmia dels Jòcs Florals or Académie des Jeux Floraux ("Academy of th .... The subject of the debate was this: there was a young lord who loved a young lady who did not return the love, yet there was another young lady, of equal worth, who loved him deeply but to whom he was unattracted; to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Floruit
''Floruit'' ( ; usually abbreviated fl. or occasionally flor.; from Latin for 'flourished') denotes a date or period during which a person was known to have been alive or active. In English, the unabbreviated word may also be used as a noun indicating the time when someone flourished. Etymology and use is the third-person singular perfect active indicative of the Latin verb ', ' "to bloom, flower, or flourish", from the noun ', ', "flower". Broadly, the term is employed in reference to the peak of activity for a person or movement. More specifically, it often is used in genealogy and historical writing when a person's birth or death dates are unknown, but some other evidence exists that indicates when they were alive. For example, if there are Will (law), wills Attestation clause, attested by John Jones in 1204 and 1229, as well as a record of his marriage in 1197, a record concerning him might be written as "John Jones (fl. 1197–1229)", even though Jones was born before ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old Occitan
Old Occitan (, ), also called Old Provençal, was the earliest form of the Occitano-Romance languages, as attested in writings dating from the 8th to the 14th centuries. Old Occitan generally includes Early and Old Occitan. Middle Occitan is sometimes included in Old Occitan, sometimes in Modern Occitan. As the term ' appeared around the year 1300, Old Occitan is referred to as "Romance" (Occitan: ') or "Provençal" (Occitan: ') in medieval texts. History Among the earliest records of Occitan are the '' Tomida femina'', the '' Boecis'' and the '' Cançó de Santa Fe''. Old Occitan, the language used by the troubadours, was the first Romance language with a literary corpus and had an enormous influence on the development of lyric poetry in other European languages. The interpunct was a feature of its orthography and survives today in Catalan and Gascon. The official language of the sovereign principality of the Viscounty of Béarn was the local vernacular Bearnès dialect of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leys D'amor
Guilhem Molinier or Moulinier ( 1330–50) was a Old Occitan, medieval Occitan poet from Toulouse. His most notable work is ''Leys d'amors'' ("Laws of Love"), a treatise on rhetoric and grammar that achieved great notoriety and, beyond the Occitan, influenced poets writing in Catalan as well as in Galician or Italian, for which they served as a reference. The occasion for its composition was the founding in 1323 of the Consistori de la Sobregaya Companhia del Gay Saber ("Consistory of the Happy Company of the Gay Science") at Toulouse. The consistory consisted of seven members who organized poetic contests and rewarded lyric poems that best imitated the style of the 12th- and 13th-century troubadours. Molinier was not an original member of the consistory, but he was its chancellor in 1348, when he was tasked with codifying the principles of Occitan lyric poetry. In this work he had a collaborator, Marc Bartholomieu. A final version was approved by the consistory in 1356.. The orig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joan De Castellnou
Joan de Castellnou (; fl. 1341–1355) was a troubadour of the Consistori del Gay Saber active in Toulouse. He left behind five or six ''cansos'', three '' vers'', a ''dansa'', a '' conselh'', and a ''sirventes''. His most famous works are non-lyric, however: a grammar (''compendi'') called ''Las flors del gay saber, estier dichas las Leys d'amors'' and a glossary (''glosari'') on the ''Doctrinal'' (1324) of his predecessor, Raimon de Cornet. Joan's ''Glosari'', usually dated to 1341, is a critical analysis of the ''Doctrinal'', not a complete grammar in and of itself. It is dedicated to Peter, Count of Ribagorza. His ''Leys'', however, is the latest and largest medieval Occitan grammatical treatise written with intention of preserving the literary form of the language. It is highly systematic and highly prescriptive. Its double title indicates the close relationship in the medieval lyrical tradition between the science of poetry (''gay saber'') and the art of love (''amors'') ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Consistori Del Gay Saber
The (; "Consistory of the Gay Science") was a poetic academy founded at Toulouse in 1323 to revive and perpetuate the lyric poetry of the troubadours. Also known as the Acadèmia dels Jòcs Florals or Académie des Jeux Floraux ("Academy of the Floral Games"), it is the most ancient literary institution of the Western world. It was founded in 1323 in ToulouseM. de Ponsan, ''Histoire de l' Académie des Jeux floraux'' (Toulouse, 1764), p. 4, French. and later restored by Clémence Isaure as the with the goal of encouraging Occitan poetry. The best verses were given prizes at the floral games in the form of different flowers, made of gold or silver, such as violets, rose hips, marigolds, amaranths or lilies. The Consistori eventually became gallicised. It was renewed by Louis XIV in 1694 and still exists today. The has had such prestigious members as Ronsard, Marmontel, Chateaubriand, Voltaire, Alfred de Vigny, Victor Hugo and Frédéric Mistral. Foundation The Cons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Occitan Language
Occitan (; ), also known by its native speakers as (; ), sometimes also referred to as Provençal, is a Romance language spoken in Southern France, Monaco, Italy's Occitan Valleys, as well as Spain's Val d'Aran in Catalonia; collectively, these regions are sometimes referred to as Occitania. It is also spoken in Calabria ( Southern Italy) in a linguistic enclave of Cosenza area (mostly Guardia Piemontese) named Gardiol, which is also considered a separate Occitanic language. Some include Catalan as a dialect of Occitan, as the linguistic distance between this language and some Occitan dialects (such as the Gascon language) is similar to the distance between different Occitan dialects. Catalan was considered a dialect of Occitan until the end of the 19th century and still today remains its closest relative. Occitan is an official language of Catalonia, Spain, where a subdialect of Gascon known as Aranese is spoken (in the Val d'Aran). Since September 2010, the Par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toulouse
Toulouse (, ; ; ) is a city in southern France, the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Haute-Garonne department and of the Occitania (administrative region), Occitania region. The city is on the banks of the Garonne, River Garonne, from the Mediterranean Sea, from the Atlantic Ocean and from Paris. It is the List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, fourth-largest city in France after Paris, Marseille and Lyon, with 511,684 inhabitants within its municipal boundaries (2022); its Functional area (France), metropolitan area has a population of 1,513,396 inhabitants (2022). Toulouse is the central city of one of the 22 Métropole, metropolitan councils of France. Between the 2014 and 2020 censuses, its metropolitan area was the third fastest growing among metropolitan areas larger than 500,000 inhabitants in France. Toulouse is the centre of the European aerospace industry, with the headquarters of Airbus, the SPOT (satellites), SPOT satellite system, ATR ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Partimen
The ''partimen'' (; ; also known as ''partia'' or ''joc partit'') is a cognate form of the French jeu-parti (plural ''jeux-partis''). It is a genre of Occitan lyric poetry composed between two troubadours, a subgenre of the ''tenso'' or ''cobla'' exchange in which one poet presents a dilemma A dilemma () is a problem offering two possibilities, neither of which is unambiguously acceptable or preferable. The possibilities are termed the ''horns'' of the dilemma, a clichéd usage, but distinguishing the dilemma from other kinds of p ... in the form of a question and the two debate the answer, each taking up a different side. Of the nearly 200 surviving Occitan debate songs, 120 are ''partimens'' and 75 are open ''tensos''. The ''partimen'' was especially popular in poetic contests. See also Torneyamen. References Further reading * Alfred Jeanroy, ''Les origines de la poésie lyrique en France au Moyen-Age'' (Paris, 1899, 3/1925) *Alfred Jeanroy: ''La poésie lyrique des tro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacme Rovira
Jacme Rovira (, ; modern Catalan spelling: ''Jaume Rovira'') was a Catalan poet who wrote in Occitan and competed within the Consistori del Gay Saber. On 3 May 1386 Jacme participated in a ''partimen'' with Bernat de Palaol before the judges Ramon Galbarra and Germà de Gontaut Germà de Gontaut (, ; fl. 1355–1386) was an Occitan poet and merchant. Germà is mentioned as a ''mercadier'' (merchant) in the prologue to the final version of the ''Leys d'amor'' of Joan de Castellnou (1355). At that time he was one of the .... The dilemma before the poets was this: if a knight loves a lady who does not return his affection while another dame, of equal merit, loves him, but to her he is indifferent, whom should he serve? Bernat defended the claim of the second lady, while Jacme of the first. The judges found in favour of Jacme. Jacme also wrote a seventy-two line piece beginning ''Qui vol al mon de fis pretz fama granda''. WorksWorks of Jaume Roviraat Rialc.unina.it Reference ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bernat De Palaol
Bernat de Palaol or de Mallorques (; fl. 1386) was a Catalan troubadour and merchant from Majorca. He was sometimes called ''lo mercader mallorquí'' (the Majorcan merchant). On 3 May 1386 Bernat participated publicly in a ''partimen'' (poetical debate) with Jacme Rovira before the judges Germà de Gontaut and Ramon Galbarra at the Consistori del Gay Saber in Toulouse. The subject of the debate was this: there was a young lord who loved a young lady who did not return the love, yet there was another young lady, of equal worth, who loved him deeply but to whom he was unattracted; to which of these should he devote his service? Bernat defended the second lady, but the judges found in favour of Jacme and the first lady: the lord, they said, ought to devote himself to the one he truly loves, not the one who truly loves him. Bernat produced only one surviving work, a combination of ''maldit'' and '' comiat'' that began ''Cercatz d'uymay, ja.n siatz belha y pros''. In the tradition of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martín De Riquer
Martin may refer to: Places Antarctica * Martin Peninsula, Marie Byrd Land * Port Martin, Adelie Land * Point Martin, South Orkney Islands Europe * Martin, Croatia, a village * Martin, Slovakia, a city * Martín del Río, Aragón, Spain * Martín River, a tributary of the Ebro river in Spain * Martin (Val Poschiavo), Switzerland England * Martin, Hampshire * Martin, Kent * Martin, East Lindsey, Lincolnshire, a hamlet and former parish * Martin, North Kesteven, Lincolnshire, a village and parish * Martin Hussingtree, Worcestershire * Martin Mere, a lake in Lancashire ** WWT Martin Mere, a wetland nature reserve that includes the lake and surrounding areas North America Canada * Rural Municipality of Martin No. 122, Saskatchewan, Canada * Martin Islands, Nunavut, Canada United States * Martin, Florida * Martin, Georgia * Martin, Indiana * Martin, Kentucky * Martin, Louisiana * Martin, Michigan * Martin, Nebraska * Martin, North Dakota * Martin, Ohio * Martin, Sou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
