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Gathang
The Gathang language, also spelt Gadjang, Kattang, Kutthung, Gadhang, Gadang and previously known as Worimi (also spelt Warrimay), is an Australian Aboriginal language or group of dialects. The three known dialects are Birrbay, Guringay, and Warrimay, which are used by the Worimi, Guringay, and Birrbay peoples. It went extinct during the latter half of the 20th century, but has been revived in the 21st century. History and status After the colonisation of Australia, many of the hundreds of Aboriginal languages fell into disuse. The Worimi people comprised 18 clan groups (''ngurras''), all of whom spoke Gathang. The four ngurras of the Port Stephens area moved to the settlement at Carrington to work at the Australian Agricultural Company, and over the years lost their language and culture as they learnt European ways. Many Worimi people were forced into missions and reserves. In 1887: E.M. Curr published the first word list of the Gathang language, which had been compile ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Birrbay
The Birrbay people, also spelt Birpai, Biripi, Birippi and variant spellings, are an Aboriginal Australian people of New South Wales. They share a dialect continuum with the Worimi people. Language The Gathang language (aka Gadjang or Worimi) is the speech of the Birrbay centred in Port Macquarie. Birpai is spelt Biripi in southern areas, such as Taree. Gathang was a community language spoken by the six tribes of the Worimi when required to meet. W. J. Enright found four elderly speakers of Gathang at Wauchope in 1932. Country Birbay are the traditional owners of some of Mid North Coast land, from Gloucester eastwards to the coast where the Manning River debouches into the Pacific at Taree. They were mainly located north of the Manning, and on the Forbes, Hastings (''Dhungang'') and Wilson rivers. Social organisation The Birrbay, according to A. R. Radcliffe-Brown, had no moieties, but did divide their hordes into four intermarrying groups, 4 male phratries: * ''Wombo' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Worimi People
The Worimi (also spelt Warrimay) people are Aboriginal Australians from the eastern Port Stephens Council, Port Stephens and Great Lakes Council, Great Lakes regions of coastal New South Wales, Australia. Before contact with settlers, their people extended from Port Stephens Council, Port Stephens in the south to Forster, New South Wales, Forster/Tuncurry, New South Wales, Tuncurry in the north and as far west as Gloucester, New South Wales, Gloucester. Country The Worimi's lands extended over according to Norman Tindale, who specified that the tribal area encompassed the Hunter River (New South Wales), Hunter River to the coastal town of Forster, New South Wales, Forster near Cape Hawke. It reached Port Stephens (New South Wales), Port Stephens and ran inland as far as roughly East Gresford, New South Wales, Gresford and in proximity of Glendon Brook, Dungog, and the upper Myall River, Myall Creek. To the south, their territory extended to Maitland, New South Wales, Maitland ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Worimi Languages
Worimi is a small family of two to five mostly extinct Australian Aboriginal languages of New South Wales. * Awabakal, spoken around Lake Macquarie in New South Wales. Awabakal was studied by Reverend Lancelot Threlkeld from 1825 until his death in 1859, assisted by Biraban, the tribal leader, and parts of the Bible were translated into the language. For example, the ''Gospel of Mark'' begins: "Kurrikuri ta unni Evanelia Jesu úmba Krist koba, Yenal ta noa Eloi úmba." The language is currently in early stages of revival. * Gadjang (Worimi), previously extinct, in the early stages of revitalisation, spoken by the Worimi people, from the eastern Port Stephens and Great Lakes The Great Lakes, also called the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of large interconnected freshwater lakes spanning the Canada–United States border. The five lakes are Lake Superior, Superior, Lake Michigan, Michigan, Lake Huron, H ... regions of coastal New South Wales. The languages ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walter John Enright
Walter John Enright (10 March 1874 – 27 September 1949) was an Australian solicitor and amateur anthropologist whose notes on the Aboriginals of New South Wales made an important contribution to the conservation of their traditions. His friendship with, and unstinting assistance to, the new generation of professional anthropologists working on mobs in New South Wales is still remembered. Life Enright was born in West Maitland into a Catholic family, with an Irish background. He grew up among Aboriginal people around the Port Stephens district. He graduated with honours in geology and French in 1893, Professor Edgeworth David was an important early influence from those days until Enright's death. Professionally he qualified as a solicitor and went into practice in West Maitland. He was a member of numerous learned societies. Building on his familiarity with Port Stephen natives, he developed a more scholarly approach after reading the works of R. H. Mathews, on behalf of whom h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Language Extinction
In linguistics, language death occurs when a language loses its last native speaker. By extension, language extinction is when the language is no longer known, including by second-language speakers, when it becomes known as an extinct language. A related term is linguicide, the death of a language from natural or political causes. The disappearance of a minor language as a result of the absorption or replacement by a major language is sometimes called "glottophagy". Language death is a process in which the level of a speech community's linguistic competence in their language variety decreases, eventually resulting in no native or fluent speakers of the variety. Language death can affect any language form, including dialects. Language death should not be confused with language attrition (also called language loss), which describes the loss of proficiency in a first language of an individual. In the modern period (–present; following the rise of colonialism), language death ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nils Holmer
Nils Magnus Holmer (1905–1994) was a Swedish linguist. Education and research Holmer initially studied Russian at Lund University, where he focused on Indo-European linguistics. In the 1920s, Holmer was a guest student at a university in Prague, where he switched to studying Celtic languages. Holmer spent four months in the Scottish Highlands in the mid-1930s. From June to July 1935, he was in Argyllshire on the Isle of Gigha, off Kintyre where he met and conversed with almost the whole population of about 100 people. From March to June 1936 he stayed in the Rhinns (mostly at Port Charlotte where he lived with a family who spoke idiomatic Gaelic. He visited other parts of the Gaelic- and English-speaking Highlands, especially the Isle of Skye from July to August 1935, where he became acquainted with the common speech of the "Strath" between Broadford and Torrin. During this time, he amassed a significant collection of vocabulary, knowledge and tradition from the last regu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aboriginal Elder
Australian Aboriginal elders are highly respected people within Australia and their respective Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. An elder has been defined as "someone who has gained recognition as a custodian of knowledge and lore, and who has permission to disclose knowledge and beliefs". They may be male or female, and of any age, but must be trusted and respected by their community for their wisdom, cultural knowledge and community service. Elders provide support for their communities in the form of guidance, counselling and knowledge, which help tackle problems of health, education, unemployment and racism, particularly for younger people. They may be distinguished as one of two types: community elders and traditional elders. Elders play an important role in maintenance of culture, songs, oral histories, sacred stories, Aboriginal Australian languages, and dance, and are also educators who demonstrate leadership and skills in resolving conflicts. Elders als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
