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Gasteroclupea Branisai
''Gasteroclupea'' is a genus of prehistoric ellimmichthyiform fish that is distantly related to modern anchovies and herrings. It contains one species, ''G. branisai''. It inhabited freshwater or estuarine habitats across South America during the Campanian and Maastrichtian stages of the Late Cretaceous period, and it briefly survived beyond the K-Pg boundary into the Danian stage of the Paleocene, making it among the few genera from its order to survive into the Cenozoic. Fossils of the genus have been found in the Yacoraite Formation of Argentina, the Chaunaca Formation, Santa Lucía Formation, and El Molino Formation of Bolivia, and the Navay Formation in Venezuela. Its taxonomic identity was long uncertain, often being placed as a clupeid or an indeterminate clupeomorph, but more recent studies have placed it with the Ellimmichthyiformes. Its closest relative has been found to be ''Sorbinichthys'', another unusual ellimmichthyiform from marine deposits in Lebanon, thoug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ellimmichthyiformes
The Ellimmichthyiformes, also known as double-armored herrings, are an Extinction, extinct Order (biology), order of Actinopterygii, ray-finned fish known from the Early Cretaceous to the Oligocene. They were the sister group to the extant true herrings, Alosidae, shad and Anchovy, anchovies in the order Clupeiformes, with both orders belonging to the suborder Clupeomorpha. A highly successful group throughout the Cretaceous, they were found worldwide and are known to have inhabited both marine and freshwater habitats. They appear to have been a largely marine group for most of their history, with the first freshwater lineages appearing during the Late Cretaceous. Shortly after the origin of the Ellimmichthyiformes in the Early Cretaceous, the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean portion of the Tethys Ocean appears to have been a major center of diversification for them, as the majority of fossils of this group are known from there. Following this, they saw an explosion in diversity ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
El Molino Formation
The El Molino Formation is a Maastrichtian geologic formation pertaining to the Puca Group of central Bolivia. The formation comprises fine-grained sandstones and sandy limestones with stromatolites deposited in a shallow marine to lacustrine environment. The formation has provided fossils of '' Dolichochampsa minima'',Buffetaut, 1987 and ichnofossils of Ankylosauria indet., Ornithopoda indet., Theropoda indet. and Titanosauridae indet.Lockley et al., 2002, p.389 The tracksite of Cal Orcko is the best known example of the ichnofossil locations of the formation. The ichnofossil of '' Ligabueichnum bolivianum'' may be attributed to an ankylosaur.Leonardi, 1994, p.39 The fossil fish species '' Dasyatis molinoensis'' is named after the formation. Fossil content Other fossils retrieved from the formation are: [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Danian Life
The Danian is the oldest age or lowest stage of the Paleocene Epoch or Series, of the Paleogene Period or System, and of the Cenozoic Era or Erathem. The beginning of the Danian (and the end of the preceding Maastrichtian) is at the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event . The age ended , being followed by the Selandian. Stratigraphic definitions The Danian was introduced in scientific literature by German-Swiss geologist Pierre Jean Édouard Desor in 1847 following a study of fossils found in France and Denmark.Danien He identified this stage in deposits from |
Maastrichtian Life
The Maastrichtian ( ) is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) geologic timescale, the latest age (uppermost stage) of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or Upper Cretaceous Series, the Cretaceous Period or System, and of the Mesozoic Era or Erathem. It spanned the interval from . The Maastrichtian was preceded by the Campanian and succeeded by the Danian (part of the Paleogene and Paleocene). It is named after the city of Maastricht, the capital and largest city of the Limburg province in the Netherlands. The Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event (formerly known as the Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction event) occurred at the end of this age. In this mass extinction, many commonly recognized groups such as non-avian dinosaurs, plesiosaurs and mosasaurs, as well as many other lesser-known groups, died out. The cause of the extinction is most commonly linked to an asteroid about wide colliding with Earth, ending the Cretaceous. Stratigraphic definitions Definiti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cretaceous Bony Fish
The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 143.1 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 77.1 million years, it is the ninth and longest geological period of the entire Phanerozoic. The name is derived from the Latin , 'chalk', which is abundant in the latter half of the period. It is usually abbreviated K, for its German translation . The Cretaceous was a period with a relatively warm climate, resulting in high eustatic sea levels that created numerous shallow inland seas. These oceans and seas were populated with now-extinct marine reptiles, ammonites, and rudists, while dinosaurs continued to dominate on land. The world was largely ice-free, although there is some evidence of brief periods of glaciation during the cooler first half, and forests extended to the poles. Many of the dominant taxonomic groups present in modern times can be ultimately traced back to origins in the C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prehistoric Ray-finned Fish Genera
Prehistory, also called pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the first known use of stone tools by hominins million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems. The use of symbols, marks, and images appears very early among humans, but the earliest known writing systems appeared years ago. It took thousands of years for writing systems to be widely adopted, with writing having spread to almost all cultures by the 19th century. The end of prehistory therefore came at different times in different places, and the term is less often used in discussing societies where prehistory ended relatively recently. It is based on an old conception of history that without written records there could be no history. The most common conception today is that history is based on evidence, however the concept of prehistory hasn't been completely discarded. In the early Bronze Age, Sumer in Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley Civ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gasteropelecidae
The freshwater hatchetfish are a family, Gasteropelecidae, of ray-finned fish from South and Central America. The common hatchetfish is the most popular member among fish keeping hobbyists. The family includes three genera: '' Carnegiella'' (four species), ''Gasteropelecus'' (three species), and '' Thoracocharax'' (two species). Distribution and habitat Freshwater hatchetfish originate from Panama and South America (though they are absent from Chile). They tend to be an upper-level fish, often swimming directly below the surface of the water, biding their time patiently. Size When fully grown, freshwater hatchetfish typically range in size from . One exception is the giant hatchetfish (''Thoracocharax securis''), which can grow up to . The smallest species are the pygmy hatchetfish (''Carnegiella myersi''), which only grows to about , and the dwarf hatchetfish (''Carnegiella schereri''), which grows to about . Flight The most obvious trait of the freshwater hatchetfish is thei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pristigaster
''Pristigaster'' is a small genus of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Pristigasteridae. It contains two species, both restricted to the Amazon Basin in South America. Species * '' Pristigaster cayana'' Cuvier, 1829 (Amazon hatchet herring) * '' Pristigaster whiteheadi'' Menezes & de Pinna De Pinna was a high-end clothier for men and women founded in New York City in 1885, by Alfred De Pinna (1831–1915), a Sephardic Jew born in England. They also sold menswear-inspired clothing for women that was finely tailored. The flagship sto ..., 2000 References * Pristigasteridae Fish of South America Ray-finned fish genera Freshwater fish genera Taxa named by Georges Cuvier {{Clupeiformes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convergent Evolution
Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different periods or epochs in time. Convergent evolution creates analogous structures that have similar form or function but were not present in the last common ancestor of those groups. The cladistic term for the same phenomenon is Cladogram#Homoplasies, homoplasy. The recurrent evolution of flight is a classic example, as flying pterygota, insects, birds, pterosaurs, and bats have independently evolved the useful capacity of flight. Functionally similar features that have arisen through convergent evolution are ''analogous'', whereas ''homology (biology), homologous'' structures or traits have a common origin but can have dissimilar functions. Bird, bat, and pterosaur wings are analogous structures, but their forelimbs are homologous, sharing an ancestral state despite serving different functions. The opposite of convergence is divergent evolution, where related species evolve different trai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sorbinichthys
''Sorbinichthys'' is a genus of extinct ray-finned fish from the Cenomanian of Lebanon and Morocco. It is classified within the order Ellimmichthyiformes. Both species within the genus are small (15 cm) and, like other members of their order, have deep bodies. The most notable feature of the genus is the presence of extremely long 2nd fin rays on the dorsal and pectoral fins that are much longer than the other rays on the respective fins. ''Sorbinichthys'' is one of the most basal members of the order and, in some analyes, the sister group of the rest of the order. The fish lived in shallow coastal environments that were home to a number of other fish and invertebrates. Two species are currently recognized: ''S. elusivo'' and ''S. africanus''. History and naming The type species of ''Sorbinichthys'' was described in 2000 by Bannikov & Bacchia based on material found within the Nammoura locality, within Lebanon. This description was based on the holotype specimen (CLC No. 431) alo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otocephala
Otocephala is a clade of ray-finned fishes within the infraclass Teleostei that evolved some 230 million years ago. It is named for the presence of a hearing (otophysic) link from the swimbladder to the inner ear. Other names proposed for the group include Ostarioclupeomorpha and Otomorpha. The clade contains Clupeiformes (herrings) and Ostariophysi, a group of other orders including Cypriniformes (minnows and allies), Gymnotiformes (knifefish), and Siluriformes (catfish). Otocephala may also contain Alepocephaliformes (slickheads), but as yet (2016) without morphological evidence. The clade is sister to Euteleostei which contains the majority of bony fish alive today. In 2015, Benton and colleagues set a "plausible minimum" date for the origin of Crown group, crown Otocephala as about 228.4 million years ago. They argued that since the oldest locality for any diversity of stem teleosts is the Carnian of Polberg bei Lunz, Austria, whose base is 235 million years old, a rough est ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clupeidae
Clupeidae is a family of clupeiform ray-finned fishes, comprising, for instance, the herrings and sprats. Many members of the family have a body protected with shiny cycloid (very smooth and uniform) scales, a single dorsal fin, and a fusiform body for quick, evasive swimming and pursuit of prey composed of small planktonic animals. Due to their small size and position in the lower trophic level of many marine food webs, the levels of methylmercury they bioaccumulate are very low, reducing the risk of mercury poisoning when consumed. The earliest known fossil members of this group are the stem-clupeids '' Italoclupea'' and '' Lecceclupea'' from the late Campanian/early Maastrichtian of Italy.'''' Description and biology Clupeids are mostly marine forage fish, although a few species are found in fresh water. No species has scales on the head, and some are entirely scaleless. The lateral line is short or absent, and the teeth are unusually small where they are present at all. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
