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Ganga Zumba
Nganga Nzumba () (c. 1630 - 1678) was the first leader of the massive runaway slave settlement of Quilombo dos Palmares, or Angola Janga, in the present-day state of Alagoas, Brazil. Zumba was enslaved and escaped bondage on a sugar plantation and eventually rose to the position of highest authority within the kingdom of Palmares, and the corresponding title of ''Ganga Zumba''. The name Although some Portuguese documents regard Ganga Zumba as his proper name, and this name is widely used today, the most important of the documents translates the name as "Great Lord." In Kikongo, ''nganga a nzumbi'' was "the priest responsible for the spiritual defense of the community" which was a ''kilombo'' or military settlement made up multiple groups. A letter written to him by the governor of Pernambuco in 1678 and now found in the Archives of the University of Coimbra, calls him "Ganazumba," which is a better translation of "Great Lord" (in Kimbundu). Early life Ganga is said to hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quilombo Dos Palmares
Palmares, or Quilombo dos Palmares, was a ''quilombo'', a community of escaped slaves and others, in colonial Brazil that developed from 1605 until its suppression in 1694. It was located in the captaincy of Pernambuco, in what is today the Brazilian state of Alagoas. The quilombo was located in what is now the municipality of União dos Palmares. Background The modern tradition has been to call the community the ''Quilombo of Palmares''. ''Quilombos'' were settlements mainly of survivors and free-born enslaved African people. The ''quilombos'' came into existence when Africans began arriving in Brazil in the mid-1530s and grew significantly as slavery expanded. No contemporary document called Palmares a ''quilombo''; instead the term '' mocambo'' was used. Palmares was home to not only escaped enslaved Africans, but also to Indigenous peoples, caboclos, and poor or marginalized Portuguese settlers, especially Portuguese soldiers trying to escape forced military service. Ove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quilombo
A ''quilombo'' (); from the Kimbundu word , ) is a Brazilian hinterland town, settlement founded by people of Afro-Brazilians, African origin, and others sometimes called Carabali. Most of the inhabitants of quilombos, called quilombolas, were maroons, a term for escaped slaves. Documentation about refugee slave communities typically uses the term mocambo (settlement), mocambo for settlements, which is an Ambundu word meaning "war camp". A mocambo is typically much smaller than a quilombo. "Quilombo" was not used until the 1670s, primarily in the more southerly parts of Brazil. In the Spanish language, Spanish-speaking countries of Latin America, such villages or camps were called . Its inhabitants are . They spoke various Spanish language, Spanish-African languages, African-based creole languages such as Palenquero. Quilombos are classified as one of the three basic forms of active resistance by enslaved Africans. They also regularly attempted to seize power and conducted ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
João Felício Dos Santos
João is a given name of Portuguese origin. It is equivalent to the given name John. The diminutive is Joãozinho and the feminine is Joana. It is widespread in Portuguese-speaking countries. Notable people with the name are enumerated in the sections below. Kings * João I of Portugal * João II of Portugal * João III of Portugal * João IV of Portugal * João V of Portugal * João VI of Portugal * João I of Kongo, ruled 1470–1509 * João II of Lemba or João Manuel II of Kongo, ruled 1680–1716 * Dharmapala of Kotte, last King of the Kingdom of Kotte, reigned 1551–1597 Princes * João Manuel, Prince of Portugal (1537–1554), son of John III * Infante João, Duke of Beja (1842–1861) Arts and literature * João Borsch, Portuguese musician * João Bosco, Brazilian musician * João Cabral de Melo Neto, Brazilian poet and diplomat * João César Monteiro, Portuguese film director * Joao Constancia, Filipino singer, actor and dancer * João Donato, Brazilian music ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1964 Brazilian Coup D'état
The 1964 Brazilian coup d'état () was the overthrow of Brazilian president João Goulart by a military coup from March 31 to April 1, 1964, ending the Fourth Brazilian Republic (1946–1964) and initiating the Military dictatorship in Brazil, Brazilian military dictatorship (1964–1985). The coup took the form of a military rebellion, the declaration of 1964 vacancy in the Presidency of Brazil, vacancy in the presidency by the National Congress of Brazil, National Congress on April 2, the formation of a military junta (the Supreme Command of the Revolution) and the exile of the president on April 4. In his place, Pascoal Ranieri Mazzilli, Ranieri Mazzilli, the President of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil), president of the Chamber of Deputies, took over until the 1964 Brazilian presidential election, election by Congress of general Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco, one of the leaders of the coup. Democratically 1960 Brazilian presidential election, elected vice president in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ganga Zumba (film)
''Ganga Zumba'' is a Brazilian film made in 1963 by Carlos Diegues and released in the USA in 1972 about slavery in Brazil. It portrays the escape of a group of slaves who hope to bring the next leader to the Quilombo dos Palmares. Its soundtrack was composed by Moacir Santos and played by Nara Leão, with African rituals and dance performed by the Sons of Gandhy group. It was filmed in accurate locations as proposed by the Cinema Novo. Also present in the movie were the musicians Cartola and Dona Zica. Based on a book written by João Felício dos Santos, ''Ganga Zumba'', the movie discusses the context of sugar production in the Brazilian Northeast during the 1600s, when slaves would flee from the Portuguese plantations and create their own villages, highlighting the Quilombo do Palmares' role in this process. Plot In a sugarcane plantation in Pernambuco, in the 17th century, Antão is a young a slave born in the below decks of a slave ship which brought his mother, a captive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Journal Of African History
''The Journal of African History'' (JAH) is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal. It was established in 1960 and is published by Cambridge University Press. It was among the first specialist journals to be devoted to African history and archaeology and was founded by John Fage and Roland Oliver. As stated on the journal's website: The current editors are Professor Shane Doyle University of Leeds, UK', Professor Dan Magaziner Yale University, USA', Professor Marissa Moorman Indiana University Bloomington, USA', and Professor Moses Ochonu Vanderbilt University, USA'. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in: According to the official website, the journal has a 2015 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a type of journal ranking. Journals with higher impact factor values are considered more prestigious or important within their field. The Impact Factor of a journa ... of 0.857. Refere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zumbi
Zumbi ( – November 20, 1695), also known as Zumbi dos Palmares (), was a Brazilian quilombola leader and one of the pioneers of resistance to enslavement of Africans by the Portuguese in colonial Brazil. He was also the last of the kings of the Quilombo dos Palmares, a settlement of Afro-Brazilian people who liberated themselves from enslavement in the present-day state of Alagoas, Brazil. He is revered in Afro-Brazilian culture as a symbol of African freedom. Quilombos ''Quilombos'' were communities in Brazil founded by individuals of African descent who escaped slavery (these escaped slaves are commonly referred to as maroons). Members of quilombos often returned to plantations or towns to encourage their former fellow Africans to flee and join the quilombos. If necessary, they brought others by force and sabotaged plantations. Anyone who came to quilombos on their own were considered free, but those who were captured and brought by force were considered slaves and cont ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maroon (people)
Maroons are descendants of African diaspora in the Americas, Africans in the Americas and islands of the Indian Ocean who escaped from slavery, through flight or manumission, and formed their own settlements. They often mixed with Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Indigenous peoples, eventually ethnogenesis, evolving into separate creole cultures such as the Garifuna and the Mascogos. Etymology ''Maroon'' entered English around the 1590s, from the French adjective , meaning 'feral' or 'fugitive', itself possibly from the American Spanish word , meaning 'wild, unruly' or 'runaway slave'. In the early 1570s, Sir Francis Drake's Francis Drake's expedition of 1572–1573, raids on the Spanish in Panama were aided by "''Symerons''", a likely misspelling of '. The linguist Leo Spitzer, writing in the journal ''Language (journal), Language'', says, "If there is a connection between Eng. ''maroon'', Fr. ', and Sp. ', Spain (or Spanish America) probably gave the word directly to E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pernambuco
Pernambuco ( , , ) is a States of Brazil, state of Brazil located in the Northeast Region, Brazil, Northeast region of the country. With an estimated population of 9.5 million people as of 2024, it is the List of Brazilian states by population, seventh-most populous state of Brazil and with around 98,067.877 km2, it is the List of Brazilian states by area, 19th-largest in area among federative units of the country. It is also the sixth-most densely populated with around 92.37 people per km2. Its capital and largest city, Recife, is one of the most important economic and urban hubs in the country. Based on 2019 estimates, the Recife metropolitan area, Recife Metropolitan Region is seventh-most populous in the country, and the second-largest in Northeast Region, Brazil, northeastern Brazil. In 2015, the state had 4.4% of the national population and produced 2.8% of the national gross domestic product (GDP). The contemporary state inherits its name from the Captaincy of Pernambuco, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Congo-Brazzaville
The Republic of the Congo, also known as Congo-Brazzaville, the Congo Republic or simply the Congo (the last ambiguously also referring to the neighbouring Democratic Republic of the Congo), is a country located on the western coast of Central Africa to the west of the Congo River. It is bordered to the west by Gabon, to the northwest by Cameroon, to the northeast by the Central African Republic, to the southeast by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to the south by the Angolan exclave of Cabinda, and to the southwest by the Atlantic Ocean. The region was dominated by Bantu-speaking tribes at least 3,000 years ago, who built trade links leading into the Congo River basin. From the 13th century, the present-day territory was dominated by a confederation led by Vungu which included Kakongo and Ngoyo. Loango emerged in the 16th century. In the late 19th century France colonised the region and incorporated it into French Equatorial Africa. The Republic of the Congo was e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
