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Fāṭima Bint Abī ʿAlī Al-Ṣadafī
Fāṭima bint Abī ʿAlī al-Ṣadafī (1114/5–1193) was a learned woman of al-Andalus. Fāṭima, who in some sources is called Khadīja, was born in Murcia in 1114 or 1115.María Luisa Ávila Navarro"Fāṭima bint Abī ‘Alī Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad al-Ṣadafī" '' Diccionario Biográfico Español'' (Real Academia de la Historia, 2018), retrieved 15 March 2024. She was the daughter of the scholar Abū ʿAlī al-Ṣadafī and his wife, a daughter of Mūsā ibn Saʿāda.Cristina de la Puente"Al-Ṣadafī" '' Diccionario Biográfico Español'' (Real Academia de la Historia, 2018), retrieved 15 March 2024. She was a child when her father died in the battle of Cutanda in 1120. She became known for her piety, asceticism, calligraphy, bibliophily and ability to recite the Qurʾān and ''ḥadīth''. Fāṭima married a disciple of her father's, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn Mūsā ibn Burṭuluh, who had returned to al-Andalus from performing the ''Ḥajj''. One of their children ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Andalus
Al-Andalus () was the Muslim-ruled area of the Iberian Peninsula. The name refers to the different Muslim states that controlled these territories at various times between 711 and 1492. At its greatest geographical extent, it occupied most of the peninsula as well as Septimania under Umayyad rule. These boundaries changed through a series of conquests Western historiography has traditionally characterized as the ''Reconquista'',"Para los autores árabes medievales, el término Al-Andalus designa la totalidad de las zonas conquistadas – siquiera temporalmente – por tropas arabo-musulmanas en territorios actualmente pertenecientes a Portugal, España y Francia" ("For medieval Arab authors, Al-Andalus designated all the conquered areas – even temporarily – by Arab-Muslim troops in territories now belonging to Spain, Portugal and France"), García de Cortázar, José Ángel. ''V Semana de Estudios Medievales: Nájera, 1 al 5 de agosto de 1994'', Gobie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murcia
Murcia ( , , ) is a city in south-eastern Spain, the Capital (political), capital and most populous city of the autonomous community of the Region of Murcia, and the Ranked lists of Spanish municipalities#By population, seventh largest city in the country. It had a population of 460,349 inhabitants in 2021 (about one-third of the total population of the Region). The total population of the metropolitan area was 672,773 in 2020, covering an urban area of 1,230.9 km2. It is located on the Segura River, in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula. It has a climate with hot summers, mild winters, and relatively low precipitation. Murcia was founded by Abd ar-Rahman II, Emir of Cordoba, in 825 with the name ''Mursiyah'' (). It is now mainly a services city and a University of Murcia, university town. Highlights for visitors include the Cathedral of Murcia and a number of baroque architecture, baroque buildings, renowned local cuisine, Holy Week procession, works of art by the fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abū ʿAlī Al-Ṣadafī
Abū ʿAlī Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad ibn Fīrruh ibn Muḥammad ibn Ḥayyūn ibn Sukkara al-Ṣadafī al-Saraqusṭī ( – June/July 1120), usually known as Abū ʿAlī al-Ṣadafī or Ibn Sukkara, was a Muslim scholar from al-Andalus (Spain). A native of Zaragoza, al-Ṣadafī was educated in Zaragoza, Valencia and Almería before setting out in 1088 on a '' riḥla fī ṭalab al-ʿilm'' ('journey in search of knowledge') and a Ḥajj (pilgrimage). He visited Mahdia, Cairo, Mecca, Baṣra, Anbār, Wāsiṭ, Damascus, Alexandria and Tinnīs. He stayed for five years in Baghdād. He returned to al-Andalus in 1096 and settled in Murcia. Al-Ṣadafī was a renowned expert in ''qirāʾāt'' (Qurʾānic readings) and ''ḥadīth'' (Islamic traditions). He married a daughter of Abū ʿImrān Mūsā ibn Saʿāda and his library passed to his inlaws on his death. He had only one daughter, Fāṭima. In 1111, he was acclaimed as ''qāḍī'' (judge) of Murcia by its populace. After exp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Cutanda
The Battle of Cutanda took place in June 1120 between the forces of Alfonso I the Battler and an army led by Almoravid general Ibrahim ibn Yusuf occurring in a place called Cutanda, near Calamocha (Teruel), in which the Almoravid army was defeated by the combined forces, mainly of Aragon and Navarre. Alfonso I was aided by William IX, Duke of Aquitaine, who commanded a force of knights in the battle. The Almoravid Emir, Ali ibn Yusuf sent his general Ibrahim ibn Yusuf to intercept the Christian forces near Calamocha. The Muslim and Christian armies met at a place known as Cutanda where the battle ensued. The Almoravid army was destroyed and their general, Ibrahim, killed. After this battle the Aragonese Siege of Calatayud, captured the fortified towns of Calatayud and Daroca. The scholar Abū ʿAlī al-Ṣadafī, Abu Ali al-Sadafi was killed fighting on the Almoravid side. References Bibliography *Cañada Juste, AlbertoLa batalla de Cutanda (1120) 1997; Xiloca nº 20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabic Calligraphy
Arabic calligraphy is the artistic practice of penmanship, handwriting and calligraphy based on the Arabic alphabet. It is known in Arabic language, Arabic as ''khatt'' (), derived from the words 'line', 'design', or 'construction'. Kufic is the oldest form of the Arabic script. From an artistic point of view, Arabic calligraphy has been known and appreciated for its diversity and great potential for development. In fact, it has been linked in Arabic culture to various fields such as Islam, religion, Islamic art, art, Islamic architecture, architecture, education and craftsmanship, which in turn have played an important role in its advancement. Although most Islamic calligraphy is in Arabic and most Arabic calligraphy is Islamic, the two are not identical. Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, Coptic or other Christianity in the Middle East, Christian manuscripts in Arabic, for example, have made use of calligraphy. Likewise, there is Islamic Persian calligraphy, calligraphy in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qurʾān
The Quran, also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation directly from God (''Allāh''). It is organized in 114 chapters (, ) which consist of individual verses ('). Besides its religious significance, it is widely regarded as the finest work in Arabic literature, and has significantly influenced the Arabic language. It is the object of a modern field of academic research known as Quranic studies. Muslims believe the Quran was orally revealed by God to the final Islamic prophet Muhammad through the angel Gabriel incrementally over a period of some 23 years, beginning on the Laylat al-Qadr, when Muhammad was 40, and concluding in 632, the year of his death. Muslims regard the Quran as Muhammad's most important miracle, a proof of his prophethood, and the culmination of a series of divine messages starting with those revealed to the first Islamic prophet Adam, including the holy books of the Torah, Psalms, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ḥadīth
Hadith is the Arabic word for a 'report' or an 'account f an event and refers to the Islamic oral tradition of anecdotes containing the purported words, actions, and the silent approvals of the Islamic prophet Muhammad or his immediate circle ( companions in Sunni Islam, Ahl al-Bayt in Shiite Islam). Each hadith is associated with a chain of narrators ()—a lineage of people who reportedly heard and repeated the hadith from which the source of the hadith can be traced. The authentication of hadith became a significant discipline, focusing on the ''isnad'' (chain of narrators) and ''matn'' (main text of the report). This process aimed to address contradictions and questionable statements within certain narrations. Beginning one or two centuries after Muhammad's death, Islamic scholars, known as muhaddiths, compiled hadith into distinct collections that survive in the historical works of writers from the second and third centuries of the Muslim era ( 700−1000 CE). For man ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ḥajj
Hajj (; ; also spelled Hadj, Haj or Haji) is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, the holiest city for Muslims. Hajj is a mandatory religious duty for capable Muslims that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime by all adult Muslims who are physically and financially capable of undertaking the journey, and of supporting their family during their absence from home. In Islamic terminology, Hajj is a pilgrimage made to the Kaaba, the "House of Allah", in the sacred city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia. It is one of the Five Pillars of Islam, alongside (oath that one believes there is no god but Allah), (prayer), (almsgiving), and (fasting during Ramadan). The Hajj is an annual practice when Muslim brotherhood is on display and their solidarity with fellow Muslim people and submission to God (Allah) is fulfilled. The Hajj is taken by Muslims to cleanse their souls of all worldly sins, which connotes both the outward act of a journey after death and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qāḍī
A qadi (; ) is the magistrate or judge of a Sharia court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and minors, and supervision and auditing of public works. History The term '' was in use from the time of Muhammad during the early history of Islam, and remained the term used for judges throughout Islamic history and the period of the caliphates. While the and played the role in elucidation of the principles of Islamic jurisprudence () and the Islamic law (), the qadi remained the key person ensuring the establishment of justice on the basis of these very laws and rules. Thus, the qadi was chosen from amongst those who had mastered the sciences of jurisprudence and law. The office of qadi continued to be a very important one in every principality of the caliphates and sultanates of the various Muslim empires over the centuries. The rulers appointed a qadi in every region, town, and village for judicial and administrative contro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dénia
Dénia (; ) is a historical coastal city in the province of Alicante, Spain, on the Costa Blanca halfway between Alicante and Valencia (city in Spain), Valencia, and the capital and judicial seat of the Comarques of the Valencian Community, ''comarca'' of Marina Alta. Denia's historical heritage has been influenced by Iberian Peninsula, Iberian, Ancient Greece, Greek, Ancient Rome, Roman, Islamic, Napoleonic and Christianity, Christian civilizations. , it had a population of 49,700, although this is more than doubled by tourism during the summer months. History There is evidence of human habitation in the area since prehistoric times and there are significant Iberians, Iberian ruins on the hillsides nearby. In the 4th century BC it was a Ancient Greece, Greek colony of Massalia or Emporion, perhaps the one mentioned by Strabo as ''Hēmeroskopeion'' () (meaning "watchtower"). It was an ally of ancient Romans, Rome during the Punic Wars, and later was absorbed into the Roman Empir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Calendar
The Hijri calendar (), also known in English as the Islamic calendar, is a lunar calendar consisting of 12 lunar months in a year of 354 or 355 days. It is used to determine the proper days of Islamic holidays and rituals, such as the Ramadan, annual fasting and the annual season for the Hajj, great pilgrimage. In almost all countries where the predominant religion is Islam, the civil calendar is the Gregorian calendar, with Assyrian calendar, Syriac month-names used in the Arabic names of calendar months#Levant and Mesopotamia, Levant and Mesopotamia (Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon and Palestine), but the religious calendar is the Hijri one. This calendar enumerates the Hijri era, whose Epoch (reference date), epoch was established as the Islamic New Year in 622 Common Era, CE. During that year, Muhammad and his followers migrated from Mecca to Medina and established the first Muslim community (''ummah''), an event commemorated as the Hijrah. In the West, dates in this era ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
