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Freemasonry And Women
Freemasonry has had a complex relationship with women for centuries. A few women were involved in Freemasonry before the 18th century, despite ''de jure'' prohibitions in the Premier Grand Lodge of England. The French ''Lodges of Adoption'', which spread through Continental Europe during the second half of the 18th century, admitted Masons and their female relatives to a system of degrees parallel, but unrelated to the original rite. In the early 20th century, these were revived as women-only lodges and later they adopted male degrees giving rise to French women's Masonry in the 1950s. 18th-century British lodges and their American offshoots remained male only. In the late 1800s, rites similar to adoption emerged in the United States, allowing masons and their female relatives to participate in ritual together. These bodies, however, were more careful to discriminate between the mixed ritual and the Freemasonry of the men. In the 1890s, mixed lodges following a standard Mason ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carbonari
The Carbonari () was an informal network of Secret society, secret revolutionary societies active in Italy from about 1800 to 1831. The Carbonari may have further influenced other revolutionary groups in France, Portugal, Spain, Brazil, Uruguay, the Ottoman Empire, and Russia. Although their goals often had a Patriotism, patriotic and Liberalism, liberal basis, they lacked a clear immediate political agenda. They were a focus for those unhappy with the repressive political situation in Italy following 1815, especially in the south of the Italian peninsula. Members of the Carbonari, and those influenced by them, took part in important events in the process of Unification of Italy, Italian unification (called the ''Risorgimento''), especially the failed Revolutions of 1820, Revolution of 1820, and in the further development of Italian nationalism. The chief purpose was to defeat tyranny and establish a constitutional government. In the north of Italy, other groups, such as the Ade ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Queen Christina Of Sweden
Christina (; 18 December O.S. 8 December">Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Old Style and New Style dates">O.S. 8 December1626 – 19 April 1689), a member of the House of Vasa, was Monarchy of Sweden, Queen of Sweden from 1632 until her abdication in 1654. Her conversion to Catholicism and refusal to marry led her to relinquish her throne and move to Rome. Christina is remembered as one of the most erudite women of the 17th century, wanting Stockholm to become the "Athens of the North" and was given the special right to establish a university at will by the Peace of Westphalia. She is also remembered for her unconventional lifestyle and occasional adoption of masculine attire, which have been depicted frequently in media; gender and cultural identity are pivotal themes in many of her biographies. At the age of five, Christina succeeded her father Gustavus Adolphus upon his death at the Battle of Lützen (1632), Battle of Lützen, though she only began rul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of The Amaranth
The Order of the Amaranth is a Masonic-affiliated organization for Master Masons and their Ladies founded in 1873. As in the Order of the Eastern Star, members of the Order must be age 18 and older; men must be Master Masons; and women must be related to Masons as wives, mothers, daughters, widows, sisters, nieces, aunts, et cetera, or have been active members of the International Order of the Rainbow for Girls or Job's Daughters International for more than three years and be recommended by a Master Mason. (Note: As of 2017, women without masonic relationships may apply for membership with the sponsorship of two master masons in good standing.) Amaranth was based on the Order of Amarante created by Queen Christina of Sweden on 6 January 1653 for ladies and knights. It lasted only to 1654 when Christina of Sweden abdicated. In 1860, James B. Taylor of Newark, New Jersey Newark ( , ) is the List of municipalities in New Jersey, most populous City (New Jersey), city in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prince Hall Freemasonry
Prince Hall Freemasonry is a branch of North American Freemasonry created for African Americans, founded by Prince Hall on September 29, 1784. Prince Hall Freemasonry is the oldest and largest (300,000+ initiated members) predominantly African-American fraternity in the United States. Different organizations purport to be of Prince Hall Freemasonry: one group is the independent, 'Prince Hall Affiliated' or 'PHA' Grand Lodges, most of which are recognized by their State Grand Lodge counterparts and the United Grand Lodge of England, being considered 'regular' in Freemasonry. Others are under the jurisdiction of a ' National Grand Lodge', 'Prince Hall Origin', or otherwise non-Prince Hall Affiliated Lodge or Grand Lodge. These are considered 'irregular', 'clandestine', and unrecognized by the Prince Hall Affiliated masonic bodies and their 'mainstream' masonic counterparts. History Petitions for admittance into existing lodges Before the American Revolutionary War, Prince Ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prince Hall Order Of The Eastern Star
The Prince Hall Order of the Eastern Star is a Masonic appendant body affiliated with Prince Hall Freemasonry. It functions as a predominantly African-American equivalent of the mainstream Order of the Eastern Star. History The idea for the creation of an Order of the Eastern Star for black women was first proposed by William Myers, a Grand Master in the Prince Hall Jurisdiction of the District of Columbia. With Georgiana Thomas he set about getting the ritual and organization approved by the official of the Lodge and the first Chapter of the Prince Hall Order of the Eastern Star was opened on December 1, 1874. The organization spread and in 1907 a Conference of Grand Chapters, Order of the Eastern Star. The name was changed to Interstate Conference of Grand Chapters in 1910 and International Conference of Grand Chapters in 1924. This organization was "dismantled" by the Prince Hall Conference of Grand Masters in 1976 and is now known as the Prince Hall Conference of Grand Chap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of The Eastern Star
The Order of the Eastern Star (OES) is a Freemasonry, Masonic List of fraternal auxiliaries and side degrees, appendant Masonic bodies, body open to both men and women. It was established in 1850 by lawyer and educator Rob Morris (Freemason), Rob Morris, a noted Freemason, and adopted and approved as an appendant body of the Masonic Fraternity in 1873. The order is based on some teachings from the Bible and is open to people of all religious beliefs. It has approximately 10,000 chapters in 18 countries and approximately 500,000 members under its General Grand Chapter. Members of the Order of the Eastern Star are aged 18 and older; men must be Master Masons and women used to need to have specific relationships with Masons, however this was changed at General Grand Chapter in 2024. Originally, a woman would have to be the daughter, widow, wife, sister, or mother of a Master Mason. The Order now allows other relatives as well as allowing Job's Daughters International, Job's Daughte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rob Morris (Freemason)
Rob Morris was a prominent American poet and Freemason. He also created the first ritual for what was to become the Order of the Eastern Star. Early life Rob Morris was born on August 31, 1818, in New York City. His father's name was Robert Peckham (1789–1825) and his mother was Charlotte Lavinia Shaw Peckham (1786–1837). Charlotte and Robert Peckham had five children. The first two, John Fales Peckham and Mary Shaw Peckham, died in infancy. The third child, John Anson Peckham was born in 1816 followed by Robert Peckham (Morris) in 1818 and sister Charlotte Fales Peckham in 1821. All three children were born in New York City where their father, Robert, worked as an accountant at 99 Greenwich at a marble yard. The Peckham family lived at 26 Rector Street. In 1821, the couple split and mother Charlotte left her husband and returned to Taunton, Massachusetts, taking their infant daughter, Charlotte. The two boys stayed with their father in New York City. In 1825 Rober ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient And Accepted Scottish Rite
The Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry is a rite within the broader context of Freemasonry. It is the most widely practiced Rite in the world. In some parts of the world, and in the Droit Humain, it is a concordant body and oversees all degrees from the 1st to 33rd degrees, while in other areas, a Supreme Council oversees the 4th to 33rd degrees. It is most commonly referred to as the Scottish Rite. Sometimes, as in England and Australia, it is called the Rose Croix, though this is just one of its degrees, and is not to be confused with other Masonic related Rosicrucian societies such as the Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia. Its name may vary slightly in various jurisdictions and constitutions. For example, the English and Irish Constitutions omit the word ''Scottish''. Master Masons from other rites may, in some countries, join the Scottish Rite's upper degrees starting from the 4th degree due to its popularity. This Rite builds upon the ethical teachings and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strasbourg
Strasbourg ( , ; ; ) is the Prefectures in France, prefecture and largest city of the Grand Est Regions of France, region of Geography of France, eastern France, in the historic region of Alsace. It is the prefecture of the Bas-Rhin Departments of France, department and the Seat of the European Parliament in Strasbourg, official seat of the European Parliament. The city has about three hundred thousand inhabitants, and together Eurométropole de Strasbourg, Greater Strasbourg and the arrondissement of Strasbourg have over five hundred thousand. Strasbourg's functional area (France), metropolitan area had a population of 860,744 in 2020, making it the eighth-largest metro area in France and home to 14% of the Grand Est region's inhabitants. The transnational Eurodistrict Strasbourg-Ortenau Eurodistrict, Strasbourg-Ortenau had a population of roughly 1,000,000 in 2022. Strasbourg is one of the ''de facto'' four main capitals of the European Union (alongside Brussels, Luxembourg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Empress Josephine
The word ''emperor'' (from , via ) can mean the male ruler of an empire. ''Empress'', the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife (empress consort), mother/grandmother (empress dowager/grand empress dowager), or a woman who rules in her own right and name (empress regnant or ''suo jure''). Emperors are generally recognized to be of the highest monarchic honour and royal and noble ranks, rank, surpassing king. In Europe, the title of Emperor has been used since the Middle Ages, considered in those times equal or almost equal in dignity to that of Pope due to the latter's position as visible head of the Church and spiritual leader of the Catholic part of Western Europe. The emperor of Japan is the only currently List of current sovereign monarchs, reigning monarch whose title is translated into English as "Emperor". Both emperors and kings are monarchs or sovereigns, both emperor and empress are considered monarchical titles. In as much as there is a strict definitio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
