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Forcipulatida
The Forcipulatida are an order (biology), order of sea stars, containing three families and 49 genera. Description Forcipulatids share with the Brisingida, brisingid sea stars distinctive pedicellariae, consisting of a short stalk with three skeletal Ossicle (echinoderm), ossicles. Unlike that group, however, the forcipulatids tend to have more robust bodies. The order includes some well-known species, such as the common starfish, ''Asterias rubens''. This order can be commonly found from North Carolina in the United States all the way to Santos in Brazil. Phylogeny The order is divided into three families: * Family Asteriidae — 39 genera * Family Heliasteridae — two genera * Family Zoroasteridae — eight genera World Register of Marine Species gives another taxonomy, with 7 families and 64 genera: * Family Asteriidae Gray, 1840 * Family Heliasteridae Viguier, 1878 * Family Pedicellasteridae Perrier, 1884 * Family Pycnopodiidae Fisher, 1928 * Family Stichasteridae Perrie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sea Star
Starfish or sea stars are Star polygon, star-shaped echinoderms belonging to the class (biology), class Asteroidea (). Common usage frequently finds these names being also applied to brittle star, ophiuroids, which are correctly referred to as brittle stars or basket stars. Starfish are also known as asteroids due to being in the class Asteroidea. About 1,900 species of starfish live on the seabed in all the world's oceans, from warm, tropics, tropical zones to frigid, polar regions of Earth, polar regions. They are found from the intertidal zone down to abyssal zone, abyssal depths, at below the surface. Starfish are marine invertebrates. They typically have a central disc and usually five arms, though some species have a larger number of arms. The aboral or upper surface may be smooth, granular or spiny, and is covered with overlapping plates. Many species are brightly coloured in various shades of red or orange, while others are blue, grey or brown. Starfish have tube fe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zoroasteridae
The Zoroasteridae are one of three families of Asteroidea (sea stars) in the order Forcipulatida. It contains seven living genera and one extinct genus. Genera The living genera described are: * '' Bythiolophus'' Fisher, 1916 (monotypic) ** ''B. acanthinus'' Fisher, 1916 * '' Cnemidaster'' Sladen, 1889 (six species) * '' Doraster'' Downey, 1970 (monotypic) ** ''D. constellatus'' Downey, 1970 * '' Myxoderma'' Fisher, 1905 (five species) * '' Pholidaster'' Sladen, 1889 (monotypic) ** ''P. squamatus'' Sladen, 1889 * '' Sagenaster'' Mah, 2007 (monotypic) ** ''S. evermanni'' (Fisher, 1905) * ''Zoroaster'' Thomson, 1873 (20 species) The extinct genus known is: * '' Terminaster'' Hess, 1974† Distribution Species in this family are widespread, distributed mainly in Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. A few are found in the Arctic The Arctic (; . ) is the polar regions of Earth, polar region of Earth that surrounds the North Pole, lying within the Arctic Circle. The Arctic re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pycnopodiidae
Pycnopodiidae is a family of echinoderms belonging to the order Forcipulatida The Forcipulatida are an order (biology), order of sea stars, containing three families and 49 genera. Description Forcipulatids share with the Brisingida, brisingid sea stars distinctive pedicellariae, consisting of a short stalk with three ske .... Genera: * '' Lysastrosoma'' Fisher, 1922 * '' Pycnopodia'' Stimpson, 1862 References Forcipulatida Echinoderm families {{asteroidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asteriidae
The Asteriidae are a diverse family of Asteroidea (sea stars) in the order Forcipulatida. It is one of three families in the order Forcipulatida. The oldest unambiguous fossils of the family date to the Late Cretaceous. Genera The World Register of Marine Species lists these genera within the family Asteriidae (in a field of 6 families): * '' Adelasterias'' Verrill, 1914 * '' Anasterias'' Perrier, 1875 * '' Aphanasterias'' Fisher, 1923 * '' Aphelasterias'' Fisher, 1923 * '' Asterias'' Linnaeus, 1758 * '' Astrometis'' Fisher, 1923 * '' Astrostole'' Fisher, 1923 * '' Caimanaster'' A.M. Clark, 1962 * '' Calasterias'' Hayashi, 1975 * '' Coronaster'' Perrier, 1885 * '' Coscinasterias'' Verrill, 1867 * '' Cryptasterias'' Verrill, 1914 * '' Diplasterias'' Perrier, 1891 * '' Distolasterias'' Perrier, 1896 * '' Evasterias'' Verrill, 1914 * '' Icasterias'' Fisher, 1923 * '' Kenrickaster'' A.M. Clark, 1962 * '' Leptasterias'' Verrill, 1866 * '' Lethasterias'' Fisher, 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stichasteridae
The Stichasteridae are a small family (biology), family of Asteroidea (sea stars) in the order (biology), order Forcipulatida. Genera were formerly unassigned, or in the family Asteriidae. Genera The World Register of Marine Species lists these genera within the family Stichasteridae: * ''Allostichaster'' Verrill, 1914 * ''Cosmasterias'' Sladden, 1889 * ''Granaster'' Perrier, 1894 * ''Neomorphaster'' Sladden, 1889 * ''Neosmilaster'' Fisher, 1930 * ''Pseudechinaster'' H.E.S. Clark, 1962 * ''Smilasterias'' Sladden, 1889 * ''Stichaster'' Muller & Troschel, 1840 * ''Stichastrella'' Verrill, 1914 * ''Uniophora'' Gray, 1840 Stichastrella rosea.jpg, ''Stichastrella rosea'' Reef starfish (Stichaster australis) doing push-ups.jpg, ''Stichaster australis'' References External links * Stichasteridae, Forcipulatida Echinoderm families {{Asteroidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pedicellasteridae
Pedicellasteridae is a family of echinoderms belonging to the order Forcipulatida The Forcipulatida are an order (biology), order of sea stars, containing three families and 49 genera. Description Forcipulatids share with the Brisingida, brisingid sea stars distinctive pedicellariae, consisting of a short stalk with three ske .... Genera: * '' Afraster'' Blake, Breton & Gofas, 1996 * '' Ampheraster'' Fisher, 1923 * '' Anteliaster'' Fisher, 1923 * '' Hydrasterias'' Sladen, 1889 * '' Pedicellaster'' M.Sars, 1861 * '' Peranaster'' Fisher, 1923 * '' Tarsaster'' Sladen, 1889 References Forcipulatida Echinoderm families {{Asteroidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brisingida
The Brisingids are deep-sea-dwelling starfish in the order Brisingida. Description These starfish have between 6 and 16 long, attenuated arms which they use for suspension feeding. Other characteristics include a single series of marginals, a fused ring of disc plates, the lack of actinal plates, a spool-like ambulacral column, reduced abactinal plates, and crossed pedicellariae. They are 40 times the size of disk radius and have 7–20 flexible spiny arms. Distribution Brisingida occur in a number of deep-sea locations, particularly in the Caribbean and New Zealand New Zealand () is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and List of islands of New Zealand, over 600 smaller islands. It is the List of isla .... This type of species are found of varying size especially in the eastern Pacific Ocean at a depth of 1,820–2,418 m. Taxonomy The Brisingida contain two fam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terminasteridae
Terminasteridae is a family of fossil starfish which lived from the Jurassic to Cretaceous periods. It was erected in 2011 as a monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unisp ... group to contain only the type genus '' Terminaster'' (which it is named after). A second genus, '' Alkaidia'', was originally described as a member of the extant family Benthopectinidae, but was transferred to Terminasteridae in 2020. References Fossil taxa described in 2011 Jurassic echinoderms Cretaceous echinoderms Prehistoric echinoderm families Forcipulatida {{paleo-asteroidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forcipulatacea
The Forcipulatacea are a superorder of sea stars. Subdivision * Order Forcipulatida * Order Brisingida * ''Incertae sedis or is a term used for a taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...'': ** Family Paulasteriidae References Asteroidea {{Asteroidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heliasteridae
The Heliasteridae are a family of Asteroidea (sea stars) in the order Forcipulatida. It includes two genera: ''Heliaster'' from the East Pacific (California to Chile, including offshore islands), and ''Labidiaster'' from southernmost South America, Antarctica and subantarctic oceans. Genera The World Register of Marine Species includes two genera and nine species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ... within the family Heliasteridae: References * Echinoderm families {{Asteroidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paulasterias Mcclaini
''Paulasterias mcclaini'' is a species of starfish in the family Paulasteriidae. It is found in deep water at hydrothermal vents. Taxonomy This species was collected by the marine biologist Craig McClain and first described by echinoderm specialist Christopher Mah in 2015, being named ''Paulasterias mcclaini'' in honour of its finder. Along with its sister species '' Paulasterias tyleri'', also found at hydrothermal vents, it differed markedly from other known starfish species, so the new family Paulasteriidae in the superorder Forcipulatacea was created to accommodate the two species. They are the first starfish species known from hydrothermal vents. Description ''Paulasterias mcclaini'' is a six-armed starfish with slender tapering arms. Larger specimens have a thick fleshy skin on the aboral (upper) surface, with spongy tissue underneath, which conceals the dermal plates. It is a pink starfish, covered with short spines. Distribution and habitat This starfish was found as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scanning Electron Microscopy
A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of electrons. The electrons interact with atoms in the sample, producing various signals that contain information about the surface topography and composition. The electron beam is scanned in a raster scan pattern, and the position of the beam is combined with the Intensity (physics), intensity of the detected signal to produce an image. In the most common SEM mode, secondary electrons emitted by atoms excited by the electron beam are detected using a secondary electron detector (Everhart–Thornley detector). The number of secondary electrons that can be detected, and thus the signal intensity, depends, among other things, on specimen topography. Some SEMs can achieve resolutions better than 1 Nanometre, nanometer. Specimens are observed in high vacuum in a Convention (norm), conventional SEM, or in low vacuum or wet conditions in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
