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Brisingida
The Brisingids are deep-sea-dwelling starfish in the order Brisingida. Description These starfish have between 6 and 16 long, attenuated arms which they use for suspension feeding. Other characteristics include a single series of marginals, a fused ring of disc plates, the lack of actinal plates, a spool-like ambulacral column, reduced abactinal plates, and crossed pedicellariae. They are 40 times the size of disk radius and have 7–20 flexible spiny arms. Distribution Brisingida occur in a number of deep-sea locations, particularly in the Caribbean and New Zealand New Zealand () is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and List of islands of New Zealand, over 600 smaller islands. It is the List of isla .... This type of species are found of varying size especially in the eastern Pacific Ocean at a depth of 1,820–2,418 m. Taxonomy The Brisingida contain two fam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freyellidae
The Freyellidae are a family (biology), family of deep-sea-dwelling starfish. It is one of two families in the Order (biology), order Brisingida. The majority of species in this family are found in Antarctic waters and near Australia. Other species have been found near New Zealand and the United States. Taxonomy The starfish ''Brisinga endecacnemos'' was discovered in deep water off Norway in 1856, followed by another Abyssal zone, abyssal species, ''Brisinga coronata'', now ''Hymenodiscus coronata''. A new order, Brisingida, was erected to accommodate these, consisting of a single family, Brisingidae. Since then dozens of new species have been described from deep water habitats and in 1986, the American zoologist Maureen Downey split the family on morphological and behavioural grounds, creating the new family Freyellidae. Characteristics Members of this family have a small, Ophiurida-like disc, clearly demarcated from the arms, which number more than five. The disc is approxima ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Starfish
Starfish or sea stars are Star polygon, star-shaped echinoderms belonging to the class (biology), class Asteroidea (). Common usage frequently finds these names being also applied to brittle star, ophiuroids, which are correctly referred to as brittle stars or basket stars. Starfish are also known as asteroids due to being in the class Asteroidea. About 1,900 species of starfish live on the seabed in all the world's oceans, from warm, tropics, tropical zones to frigid, polar regions of Earth, polar regions. They are found from the intertidal zone down to abyssal zone, abyssal depths, at below the surface. Starfish are marine invertebrates. They typically have a central disc and usually five arms, though some species have a larger number of arms. The aboral or upper surface may be smooth, granular or spiny, and is covered with overlapping plates. Many species are brightly coloured in various shades of red or orange, while others are blue, grey or brown. Starfish have tube fe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brisingidae
The Brisingidae are a family of starfish found only in the deep sea. They inhabit both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans at abyssal depths, and also occur in the Southern Ocean and around Antarctica at slightly shallower depths. The family was named after Brísingamen, a necklace belonging to Freya from Norse mythology that was stolen by Loki and hidden in the sea. Characteristics Members of this family have a small, Ophiurida-like disc, clearly demarcated from the arms, which number more than five. The disc is approximately circular with a rim of fused plates which gives rigidity. The madreporite is near the margin of the disc. The arms are long and tapering with the ratio of the arm length to the disc radius being greater than 6/1. There is an acute angle between them and they can be shed at the base where they are separated from the disc by a deep groove. After a narrow cylindrical portion, the part of the arms closest to the disc accommodates the gonadal tissues and widen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astrolirus
''Astrolirus'' is a genus of echinoderms belonging to the family Brisingidae. They are found in benthic habitats in the Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five Borders of the oceans, oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean, or, depending on the definition, to Antarctica in the south, and is .... There are two known species: * '' Astrolirus panamensis'' (Ludwig, 1905) * '' Astrolirus patricki'' Zhang, Zhou, Xiao & Wang, 2020 References External links * * Brisingida Asteroidea genera {{Asteroidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freyella
''Freyella'' is a genus of deep-sea-dwelling starfish in the order Brisingida. Species There are currently 29 recognized species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ... in this genus: - *'' Freyella attenuata'' Sladen, 1889 *'' Freyella breviispina'' (H.L. Clark, 1920) *'' Freyella dimorpha'' Sladen, 1889 *'' Freyella drygalskii'' (Döderlein, 1928) *'' Freyella echinata'' Sladen, 1889 *'' Freyella elegans'' (Verrill, 1884) *'' Freyella felleyra'' McKnight, 2006 *'' Freyella flabellispina'' Korovchinsky & Galkin, 1984 *'' Freyella formosa'' Korovchinsky, 1976 *'' Freyella fragilissima'' Sladen, 1889 *'' Freyella giardi'' Koehler, 1907 *'' Freyella heroina'' Sladen, 1889 *'' Freyella hexactis'' Baranova, 1957 *'' Freyella indica'' Koehler, 1909 *'' Freyella insignis'' Lu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brisinga
Brisinga is a genus of starfish in the family Brisingidae. The species in this genus are primarily found in deep sea The deep sea is broadly defined as the ocean depth where light begins to fade, at an approximate depth of or the point of transition from continental shelves to continental slopes. Conditions within the deep sea are a combination of low tempe ... habitats. Species *''Brisinga'' Asbjørnsen, 1856 **'' Brisinga alberti'' Fisher, 1907 ** '' Brisinga analoga'' (Fisher, 1919) ** '' Brisinga andamanica'' Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891 ** '' Brisinga bengalensis'' Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891 ** '' Brisinga chathamica'' McKnight, 1973 ** '' Brisinga costata'' Verrill, 1884 ** '' Brisinga cricophora'' Sladen, 1889 ** '' Brisinga distincta'' Sladen, 1889 ** '' Brisinga endecacnemos'' Asbjørnsen, 1856 ** '' Brisinga eucoryne'' Fisher, 1916 ** '' Brisinga evermanni'' Fisher, 1906 ** '' Brisinga gunnii'' Alcock, 1893 ** '' Brisinga hirsuta'' Perrier, 1894 ** '' Brisinga insular ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Novodinia
''Novodinia'' is a genus of echinoderms belonging to the family Brisingidae. The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, a cosmopolitan distribution is the range of a taxon that extends across most or all of the surface of the Earth, in appropriate habitats; most cosmopolitan species are known to be highly adaptable to a range of climatic and en .... Species: *'' Novodinia americana'' *'' Novodinia antillensis'' *'' Novodinia austini'' *'' Novodinia australis'' *'' Novodinia clarki'' *'' Novodinia homonyma'' *'' Novodinia magister'' *'' Novodinia novaezelandiae'' *'' Novodinia pacifica'' *'' Novodinia pandina'' *'' Novodinia penichra'' *'' Novodinia radiata'' *'' Novodinia semicoronata'' References External links * * Brisingida Asteroidea genera {{asteroidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maureen Downey
Maureen Elizabeth Downey (May 1, 1921 – May 14, 2000) was an American zoologist who worked for three decades at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Known as "The Starfish Lady," she was an authority on sea stars and other echinoderms, co-founding the International Echinoderm Conference in 1972. Among her discoveries is ''Midgardia xandaros'', the world's largest starfish. Early life and education Maureen Downey was born in Washington, D.C., in 1921. She had an early fascination with animal biology, bringing insect specimens to be identified at the National Museum of Natural History. She studied at George Washington University, then Duke University and the University of Washington's Friday Harbor Laboratories. Career Downey was an international authority on echinoderms, particularly sea stars, earning her the nickname "The Starfish Lady." While she occasionally studied other groups, such as brittle stars, her work primarily focused on sea stars. Her work ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pedicellaria
A pedicellaria (: pedicellariae) is a small wrench- or claw-shaped appendage with movable jaws, called valves, commonly found on echinoderms (phylum Echinodermata), particularly in sea stars (class Asteroidea) and sea urchins (class Echinoidea). Each pedicellaria is an effector organ with its own set of muscles, neuropils, and sensory receptors and is therefore capable of reflex responses to the environment. Pedicellariae are poorly understood but in some taxa, they are thought to keep the body surface clear of algae, encrusting organisms, and other debris in conjunction with the ciliated epidermis present in all echinoderms. These structures are derived from the mesodermal skeleton. In sea stars Types There are two major types of pedicellaria in sea stars: straight and crossed. Straight pedicellaria are typically larger and located on the body surface, whereas crossed pedicellaria are smaller and found more commonly on stalks, raised above the body surface or in clum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
