Folkspartei
The Folkspartei () was founded after the 1905 pogroms in the Russian Empire by Simon Dubnow and Israel Efrojkin. The party took part in several elections in Poland and Lithuania in the 1920s and 1930s and did not survive the Holocaust. Ideology According to the historian Simon Dubnow (1860-1941), Jews are a nation on the spiritual and intellectual level and should strive towards their national and cultural autonomy in the Jewish diaspora (Yiddish ''gales'') in some way a secularized and modernized version of the Council of Four Lands under the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He said, "How then should Jewish autonomy assert itself? It must, of course, be in full agreement with the character of the Jewish national idea. Jewry, as a spiritual or cultural nation, cannot in the Diaspora seek territorial or political separatism, but only a social or a national-cultural autonomy." Close to the General Jewish Labour Bund for the emphasis on Yiddish and its culture, it differed from t ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Jewish Autonomism
Jewish Autonomism, not connected to the contemporary political movement autonomism, was a non-Zionist political movement and ideology that emerged in the Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires, before spreading throughout Eastern Europe in the late 19th and early 20th century. In the late 19th century, Jewish Autonomism was seen "together with Zionism sthe most important political expression of the Jewish people in the modern era." One of its first and major proponents was the historian and activist Simon Dubnow. Jewish Autonomism is often referred to as "Dubnovism" or " folkism". The Autonomists believed that the future survival of the Jews as a nation depends on their spiritual and cultural strength, in developing "spiritual nationhood" and in viability of Jewish diaspora as long as Jewish communities maintain self-rule and rejected assimilation. Autonomists often stressed the vitality of modern Yiddish culture. Various concepts of the Autonomism were adopted in the platforms ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Simon Dubnow
Simon Dubnow (alternatively spelled Dubnov; ; rus, Семён Ма́ркович Ду́бнов, Semyon Markovich Dubnov, sʲɪˈmʲɵn ˈmarkəvʲɪdʑ ˈdubnəf; 10 September 1860 – 8 December 1941) was a Jewish-Russian Empire, Russian historian, writer and activist. Life and career In 1860, Simon Dubnow was born Shimon Meyerovich Dubnow (Шимон Меерович Дубнов) to a large poor family in the Belarusian town of Mstsislaw (Mogilev Region). A native Yiddish language, Yiddish speaker, he received a traditional Jewish education in a ''heder'' and a ''yeshiva'', where Hebrew language, Hebrew was regularly spoken. Later Dubnow entered into a ''kazyonnoye yevreyskoe uchilishche'' (state Jewish school) where he learned Russian language, Russian. In the midst of his education, the May Laws eliminated these Jewish institutions, and Dubnow was unable to graduate; Dubnow persevered, independently pursuing his interests in history, philosophy, and linguistics. He w ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Noach Pryłucki
Noach (Nojach) Pryłucki or Noach Prilutski (1 October 1882 in Berdichev – 12 August 1941 in Vilnius) was a Jewish Polish politician from the Folkspartei. He was also a Yiddish linguist, philologist, lawyer and scholar of considerable renown. Pryłucki was a respected attorney and was said to have had "leadership over the scattered (non-Zionist) national clubs, societies, and groups". In 1910–1936, Pryłucki was the editor of the Folkist newspaper ''Warszawer Togblat'' (The Warsaw Daily), later renamed as ''Der Moment''. In 1916 he was the founder and then became the leader of the Jewish People's Party in Poland ( Folkspartei), and was elected the same year at the municipal elections (under German occupation), where the Folkspartei gained 4 seats in Warsaw. In 1918 he became a member of the Provisional Council of State of the Kingdom of Poland. Elected as a member of the Legislative Sejm in 1919, he had to resign his seat because he was not a Polish citizen. After obtainin ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Zeev Latsky
Ya'akov Ze'ev Latsky ("Bertoldi") (1881–1940) was a Jewish Ukrainian political and Yiddishist activist and briefly a Minister in the Ukrainian People's Republic in 1918. First a member of Herut around 1901, he joined in December 1904 the new Zionist Socialist Workers Party to whose Central Committee he was elected in Odessa. He was closely associated with the theorist of Labour Zionism and leading advocate of Territorialist Zionism, Nachman Syrkin. After the 1917 Revolution, he joined the Folkspartei. In April 1918, he was appointed Minister for Jewish Affairs in the Ukrainian People's Republic, replacing Fareynikte Moishe Zilberfarb. He was succeeded briefly by Solomon Goldelman, then in January 1919 by Abraham Revutzky of Poale Zion. In October 1918, he was amongst the founders of an important Yiddish publishing house ''Folks-Farlag'', initiated by intellectuals affiliated to the Folkspartei, like himself. In 1920, he emigrated to Germany, where he continued searchin ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Non-Zionism
Non-Zionism is the political stance of Jews who are "willing to help support Jewish settlement in Palestine... but will not come on aliyah."David Polish, ''Prospects for Post-Holocaust Zionism'', in Moshe David (editor), ''Zionism in Transition'', Institute of Contemporary Jewry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Arno Press, 1980, p.315. The trend began in the United States in the first few decades of the 20th century when "an increasingly large section of Americanized Jewish opinion began to shift away from anti-Zionism... either to pro-Zionism or non-Zionism.... The non-Zionists were willing to offer the diaspora Jews a Jewish homeland fiscal and diplomatic counsel, not for their own benefit or spiritual comfort but for those Jews who chose to reside there."Egal Feldman, ''Catholics and Jews in Twentieth-Century America'', University of Illinois Press, 2001, p.40. Difference from anti-Zionists Yoram Dinstein gave this distinction: "There is a marked difference between non-Zionis ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
United Jewish Socialist Workers Party
United Jewish Socialist Workers Party (, ''fareynikte yidishe sotsialistishe arbeter-partey'') was a political party that emerged in Russia in the wake of the 1917 February Revolution. Members of the party along with the Poalei Zion participated in the government of Ukraine and condemned the October Revolution. Its followers were generally known simply for the first portion of the name ''Fareynikte'' (פֿאַראײניקטע) - 'United'. Politically the party favored national personal autonomy for the Jewish community.Ėstraĭkh, G. ''In Harness: Yiddish Writers' Romance with Communism. Judaic traditions in literature, music, and art.'' Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 2005. p. 30 The party upheld the ideas of building a secular Jewish community. Fareynikte was founded in June 1917 through the merger of two groups, the Zionist Socialist Workers Party (SSRP) ( Socialist-Territorialists) and the Jewish Socialist Workers Party (SERP). SERP's ideology was based par ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
National Personal Autonomy
National personal autonomy is one form of non-territorial autonomy that grew out of autonomy ideas developed by Austromarxist thinkers. One of these theorists was Otto Bauer who published his view of national personal autonomy in his 1907 book (The Nationalities Question and Social Democracy) was seen by him a way of gathering the geographically divided members of the same nation to "organize nations not in territorial bodies but in simple association of persons", thus radically disjoining the nation from the territory and making of the nation a non-territorial association. The other ideological founders of the concept were another Austromarxist, Karl Renner, in his 1899 essay ''Staat und Nation'' (State and Nation), and the Jewish Labour Bundist Vladimir Medem, in his 1904 essay ''Di sotsial-demokratie un di natsionale frage'' (Social Democracy and the National Question). Medem In his 1904 text, Medem exposed his version of the concept: Let us consider the case of a country ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Class Struggle
In political science, the term class conflict, class struggle, or class war refers to the economic antagonism and political tension that exist among social classes because of clashing interests, competition for limited resources, and inequalities of power in the socioeconomic hierarchy. In its simplest manifestation, class conflict refers to the ongoing battle between the Affluence, rich and Poverty, poor. In the writings of several Left-wing politics, leftist, Socialism, socialist, and Marxism, communist theorists, notably those of Karl Marx, class struggle is a core tenet and a practical means for effecting radical sociopolitical transformations for the majority working class. It is also a central concept within conflict theories of sociology and political philosophy. Class conflict can reveal itself through: * Direct violence, such as assassinations, Coup d'état, coups, revolution, revolutions, counter-revolutionary, counterrevolutions, and civil wars for control of gove ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Abraham Revusky
Abraham Revusky (1889 – February 8, 1946) was a Russian-born, US-based politician, author and editor. He was a contributing editor to the '' Jewish Morning Journal'', and the author of several books. Life Revusky was born in 1889 in Smila, in the Cherkassky Uyezd of the Kiev Governorate of the Russian Empire (present-day Ukraine). He grew up in Russia and Austria. Revusky joined the Poale Zion party in Ukraine in the early 1910s. He moved to Odessa, where he was "an administrative member of the Jewish community" during the Russian Revolution of 1917, and the Ukrainian minister of Jewish Affairs for the Directorate of Ukraine in 1918. He lived in Palestine, later known as Israel, from 1920 to 1921, and he was a co-founder of the Histadrut. He was expelled from Mandatory Palestine by the British government in 1921, and he lived in Berlin until 1924, when he emigrated to the United States. Revusky authored books in Yiddish and English, including a memoir of his time in Ukraine and ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Moishe Zilberfarb
Moishe Zylberfarb (, ) was a Ukrainian politician, diplomat, and public activist of Jewish descent. He was one of the authors of the Law of Ukraine about national-individual autonomy (1918) which later was canceled by the Communist regime. Brief biography Zylberfarb was born in Rivne, Rovno in 1876. In 1906 he became a founder of the group ''Vozrozhdenie'' and the Jewish Socialist Workers Party (SERP). From the very beginning he was a member of the Central Council of Ukraine (March 1917) as member of the United Jewish Socialist Workers Party. Zylberfarb was a member of Little Council. On 27 July 1917 he became a Jewish representative at the General Secretariat of Ukraine (regional government of the Russian Republic). During the October Revolution Zylberfarb became a member of the Regional Committee in Protection of Revolution in Ukraine. After the independence of Ukraine, Zylberfarb became a Minister of Jewish Affairs in Ukraine. During 1918 to 1920 he was a rector at the Jewish ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press was the university press of the University of Cambridge. Granted a letters patent by King Henry VIII in 1534, it was the oldest university press in the world. Cambridge University Press merged with Cambridge Assessment to form Cambridge University Press and Assessment under Queen Elizabeth II's approval in August 2021. With a global sales presence, publishing hubs, and offices in more than 40 countries, it published over 50,000 titles by authors from over 100 countries. Its publications include more than 420 academic journals, monographs, reference works, school and university textbooks, and English language teaching and learning publications. It also published Bibles, runs a bookshop in Cambridge, sells through Amazon, and has a conference venues business in Cambridge at the Pitt Building and the Sir Geoffrey Cass Sports and Social Centre. It also served as the King's Printer. Cambridge University Press, as part of the University of Cambridge, was a ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |