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First Vienna Mountain Spring Pipeline
The First Vienna Mountain Spring Pipeline (I. Wiener Hochquellenwasserleitung) is a major part of Vienna's water supply and was the first source of safe drinking water for that city. The 95 km long line was opened on 24 October 1873, after four years of construction. Today, it delivers 62 million cubic meters of water per year (53% of Vienna's total supply in 2007). The water comes from high springs in the Rax and Schneeberg areas in Southern Lower Austria and Styria. History Beginnings to 1910 The reason for its creation Vienna's water supply originally came from private wells. In the absence of a functioning sewer system, the quality of the groundwater went from bad to worse, triggering disease and epidemics. Reinforced water pipes were built, but these primarily benefitted the wealthy and large institutions. Most of the population had to rely on spouts or fountains attached to wells. The first water pipe that provided greater coverage was built in 1803-1804, brin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ludwig Förster
Ludwig Christian Friedrich (von) Förster (8 October 1797 in Ansbach – 16 June 1863 in Bad Gleichenberg, Styria) was a German-born Austrian architect. While he was not Jewish, he is known for building Jewish synagogues and churches. Ludwig Förster studied in Munich and Vienna. He founded the '' Allgemeine Bauzeitung'' in 1836. From 1842 to 1845 he taught at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna and influenced a generation of Viennese architects through his architectural studio. From 1839/40 he worked as a freelance architect, Otto Wagner, among others, was a member of his studio. 1846–52 Förster worked with his son-in-law Theophil Freiherr von Hansen. He contributed to the Ringstraße. Berlin-educated Ignaz Wechselmann became his friend and assistant. Förster superintended the construction of the Dohány Street Synagogue in Budapest, which along with the Leopoldstädter Tempel and the Synagogue of Miskolc is his most important work. Forster and Hansen designed the stru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franz Joseph I
Franz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I (german: Franz Joseph Karl, hu, Ferenc József Károly, 18 August 1830 – 21 November 1916) was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, and the other states of the Habsburg monarchy from 2 December 1848 until his death on 21 November 1916. In the early part of his reign, his realms and territories were referred to as the Austrian Empire, but were reconstituted as the dual monarchy of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1867. From 1 May 1850 to 24 August 1866, Franz Joseph was also President of the German Confederation. In December 1848, Franz Joseph's uncle Emperor Ferdinand abdicated the throne at Olomouc, as part of Minister President Felix zu Schwarzenberg's plan to end the Revolutions of 1848 in Hungary. Franz Joseph then acceded to the throne. Largely considered to be a reactionary, he spent his early reign resisting constitutionalism in his domains. The Austrian Empire was forced to cede its influence over Tuscany and most of its claim to Lomba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Honorary Citizens Of Vienna
The freeman of the city award (Ehrenbürgerrecht) is the highest decoration of the city of Vienna. It can also be revoked. Since 1839, initiated by mayor Ignaz Czapka, recipients have been listed in the honorary citizenship book, although a few are missing. The recipients also receive an official diploma The following list is ordered according to the year of bestowal: * Francis Rawdon (14 February 1797) * Friedrich Ernst Graf Marschall (14 February 1797) * Gottfried Freiherr van Swieten (14 February 1797) * Ferdinand (Württemberg) (17 May 1797) * Jakob Freiherr von Wöber (17 May 1797) * Franz Josef Graf Saurau (17 May 1797) * Joseph Graf Pergen (30 May 1797) * Prokop Graf Lazansky von Bukowa (30 May 1797) * Joseph Karl Graf Dietrichstein (30 May 1797) * Johann Ferdinand Graf Kuefstein (30 May 1797) * Johann Baptist Ritter von Lampi (18 June 1799) * Anton Friedrich Graf Mittrowsky von Mitrowitz und Nemyschl (17 October 1801) * Joseph Freiherr von Kielmannsegg (17 October ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public Domain
The public domain (PD) consists of all the creative work to which no exclusive intellectual property rights apply. Those rights may have expired, been forfeited, expressly waived, or may be inapplicable. Because those rights have expired, anyone can legally use or reference those works without permission. As examples, the works of William Shakespeare, Ludwig van Beethoven, Leonardo da Vinci and Georges Méliès are in the public domain either by virtue of their having been created before copyright existed, or by their copyright term having expired. Some works are not covered by a country's copyright laws, and are therefore in the public domain; for example, in the United States, items excluded from copyright include the formulae of Newtonian physics, cooking recipes,Copyright Protection No ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ernst Karl Von Hoyos-Sprinzenstein
Ernst Karl Heinrich, Count Hoyos-Sprinzenstein (18 June 1830, Vienna - 21 August 1903, Ternitz) was an Austrian nobleman, landowner, and politician. Biography The Hoyos family was originally from Spain and emigrated to Austria in the 16th century, to serve the Emperor Ferdinand I, who was also of Spanish origin. His grandfather, , was an Imperial Count. He was an Imperial-royal Chamberlain and, in 1861, was appointed by Emperor Franz Joseph I as a hereditary member of the Herrenhaus of the Austrian Reichsrats. He occasionally served as its Vice-President. From 1874 to 1883, he was a member of the building commission for the new Austrian Parliament Building; constructed on the Ringstraße. In 1864, he agreed to donate the "Stixensteinquelle" (spring), near the in Lower Austria, to the City of Vienna. This made it possible to build the First Vienna Mountain Spring Pipeline, the city's first major source of safe drinking water. The spring had been passed down in his family ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palais Augarten
Palais Augarten is a Baroque palace in the district of Leopoldstadt, Vienna, Austria.Gaillemin 1994, p. 269. Constructed in the late seventeenth century by Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach on the site of a hunting château and gardens, the palace and gardens were expanded in the nineteenth century under Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria. Despite extensive damage suffered during World War II, the palace has been maintained almost in its original appearance, and many of the original furnishings can still be found there. Today, Palais Augarten is the home and rehearsal space of the Vienna Boys' Choir, who also have their own school there. The palace is located in the 130-acre Augarten park, which is the oldest Baroque garden in Vienna. History Until the 18th century, the present-day Leopoldstadt district consisted of forestland used by the Emperor and his court as a hunting ground. In 1614, Emperor Matthias built a hunting château on the site. In 1649, Emperor Ferdinand III add ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Junker
Carl Junker (18 June 1827 – 17 May 1882) was an Austrian engineer and architect. His construction projects include Miramare Castle in Trieste and the First Vienna Mountain Spring Pipeline. Life Carl Junker was born as the son of a tenant farmer in 1827 in Saubersdorf in Lower Austria. From 1842 to 1845 he studied at the Imperial-Royal Polytechnic Institute and became an engineer. Throughout his career he devoted himself mainly to the construction of aqueducts and water pipes. In 1847 he was involved in the construction of the Suez Canal under Alois Negrelli. In 1855 he took over the plans for the construction of the aqueduct of Aurisina in Trieste. In 1856 he was instructed by archduke of Maximilian I of Mexico, the brother of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria, with the construction of the Miramare Castle in Grignano near Trieste. In 1860 he took over the supervision of a church in Bar in present-day Montenegro. Pope Pius IX granted him the Order of St. Gregory the G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reservoir
A reservoir (; from French ''réservoir'' ) is an enlarged lake behind a dam. Such a dam may be either artificial, built to store fresh water or it may be a natural formation. Reservoirs can be created in a number of ways, including controlling a watercourse that drains an existing body of water, interrupting a watercourse to form an embayment within it, through excavation, or building any number of retaining walls or levees. In other contexts, "reservoirs" may refer to storage spaces for various fluids; they may hold liquids or gasses, including hydrocarbons. ''Tank reservoirs'' store these in ground-level, elevated, or buried tanks. Tank reservoirs for water are also called cisterns. Most underground reservoirs are used to store liquids, principally either water or petroleum. Types Dammed valleys Dammed reservoirs are artificial lakes created and controlled by a dam constructed across a valley, and rely on the natural topography to provide most of the basin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cost-effective
Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is a form of economic analysis that compares the relative costs and outcomes (effects) of different courses of action. Cost-effectiveness analysis is distinct from cost–benefit analysis, which assigns a monetary value to the measure of effect. Cost-effectiveness analysis is often used in the field of health services, where it may be inappropriate to monetize health effect. Typically the CEA is expressed in terms of a ratio where the denominator is a gain in health from a measure (years of life, premature births averted, sight-years gained) and the numerator is the cost associated with the health gain. The most commonly used outcome measure is quality-adjusted life years (QALY). Cost–utility analysis is similar to cost-effectiveness analysis. Cost-effectiveness analyses are often visualized on a plane consisting of four quadrants, the cost represented on one axis and the effectiveness on the other axis. Cost-effectiveness analysis focuses on m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
