Carl Junker (18 June 1827 – 17 May 1882) was an Austrian

engineer Engineers, as practitioners of engineering, are professionals who Invention, invent, design, build, maintain and test machines, complex systems, structures, gadgets and materials. They aim to fulfill functional objectives and requirements while ...

and

architect An architect is a person who plans, designs, and oversees the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that h ...

. His construction projects include

Miramare Castle Miramare Castle (; ; ; ) is a 19th-century castle direct on the Gulf of Trieste between Barcola and Grignano (Trieste), Grignano in Trieste, northeastern Italy. It was built from 1856 to 1860 for Austrian Empire, Austrian Archduke Ferdinand Max ...

Trieste Trieste ( , ; ) is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is the capital and largest city of the Regions of Italy#Autonomous regions with special statute, autonomous region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, as well as of the Province of Trieste, ...

and the First Vienna Mountain Spring Pipeline.

Life

Carl Junker was born as the son of a tenant farmer in 1827 in Saubersdorf in

Lower Austria Lower Austria ( , , abbreviated LA or NÖ) is one of the nine states of Austria, located in the northeastern corner of the country. Major cities are Amstetten, Lower Austria, Amstetten, Krems an der Donau, Wiener Neustadt and Sankt Pölten, which ...

. From 1842 to 1845, he studied at the Imperial-Royal Polytechnic Institute and became an engineer. Throughout his career he devoted himself mainly to the construction of aqueducts and water pipes. In 1847, he was involved in the construction of the

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under

Alois Negrelli Nikolaus Alois Maria Vinzenz Negrelli, Ritter von Moldelbe (born Luigi Negrelli; 23 January 1799 – 1 October 1858) was a Tyrolean civil engineer and railroad pioneer mostly active in parts of the Austrian Empire, Switzerland, Germany and I ...

. In 1855, he took over the plans for the construction of the aqueduct of

Aurisina Aurisina (until 1923 ''Nabresina'', ) is a town in the karst part of the comune of Duino-Aurisina (Slovene: ) near Trieste, Italy, in a region of Slovene minority. It lies 15 kilometres northwest of Trieste, and according to the 2003 census had a ...

in Trieste. In 1856, he was instructed by archduke of

Maximilian I of Mexico Maximilian I (; ; 6 July 1832 – 19 June 1867) was an Austrian Empire, Austrian archduke who became Emperor of Mexico, emperor of the Second Mexican Empire from 10 April 1864 until his execution by the Restored Republic (Mexico), Mexican Republ ...

, the brother of Emperor

Franz Joseph I of Austria Franz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I ( ; ; 18 August 1830 – 21 November 1916) was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, and the ruler of the Grand title of the emperor of Austria, other states of the Habsburg monarchy from 1848 until his death ...

, with the construction of the

in Grignano near

. In 1860, he took over the supervision of a church in Bar in present-day

Montenegro , image_flag = Flag of Montenegro.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Montenegro.svg , coa_size = 80 , national_motto = , national_anthem = () , image_map = Europe-Mont ...

Pope Pius IX Pope Pius IX (; born Giovanni Maria Battista Pietro Pellegrino Isidoro Mastai-Ferretti; 13 May 1792 – 7 February 1878) was head of the Catholic Church from 1846 to 1878. His reign of nearly 32 years is the longest verified of any pope in hist ...

granted him the

Order of St. Gregory the Great The Pontifical Equestrian Order of St. Gregory the Great (; ) was established on 1 September 1831, by Pope Gregory XVI, seven months after his election as Pope. The order is one of the five Papal order of knighthood, orders of knighthood of th ...

for the project. Between 1860 and 1861, he was in charge of the construction of the aqueduct of the military arsenal in

Pula Pula, also known as Pola, is the largest city in Istria County, west Croatia, and the List of cities and towns in Croatia, seventh-largest city in the country, situated at the southern tip of the Istria, Istrian peninsula in western Croatia, wi ...

. In 1864 he worked on Vienna's Emperor Franz Joseph water supply system on the grounds of his experience in

hydrography Hydrography is the branch of applied sciences which deals with the measurement and description of the physical features of oceans, seas, coastal areas, lakes and rivers, as well as with the prediction of their change over time, for the primary ...

. He was the lead chief engineer in the design and construction management from the springs to the elevated tank at the Rosenhügel in

Hietzing Hietzing () is the 13th Districts of Vienna, district of Vienna (). It is located west of the central districts, west of Meidling. Hietzing is a heavily populated urban area with many residential buildings, but also contains large areas of the Vi ...

, the 13th municipal District of Vienna. Emperor Franz Joseph I awarded Junker the

Order of Franz Joseph The Imperial Austrian Order of Franz Joseph () was founded by Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria on 2 December 1849, on the first anniversary of his accession to the imperial throne. Classes The order was originally awarded in three classes: ''G ...

for his work on this project. Junker died in

Vienna Vienna ( ; ; ) is the capital city, capital, List of largest cities in Austria, most populous city, and one of Federal states of Austria, nine federal states of Austria. It is Austria's primate city, with just over two million inhabitants. ...

on 17 May 1882, aged 54.

Key construction projects

near Trieste (1856–1860) * First Vienna Mountain Spring Pipeline (1865)

Publications

* Carl Junker (1873): ''Die Wasserversorgung der Stadt Wien'', in: R. Stadler, Wien * Carl Junker (1985): ''Projekt der Zuleitung des Recca Flusses von St. Canzian'', Trieste

References

* Junker Karl. In: ''Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815–1950''. Volume 3, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1965, p. 153 (Direct references on pages 153 and 154). {{DEFAULTSORT:Junker, Carl 1827 births 1882 deaths Austrian civil engineers 19th-century Austrian architects Engineers from the Austrian Empire Engineers from Austria-Hungary