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Federal Emergency Relief Association
The Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) was a program established by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933, building on the Hoover administration's Emergency Relief and Construction Act. It was replaced in 1935 by the Works Progress Administration (WPA). During the Hoover Administration, the federal government gave loans to the states to operate relief programs. One of these, the New York state program TERA (Temporary Emergency Relief Administration), was set up in 1931 and headed by Harry Hopkins, a close adviser to then-Governor Roosevelt. A few years later, as president, Roosevelt asked Congress to set up FERA—which gave grants to the states for the same purpose—in May 1933, and appointed Hopkins to head it. Along with the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), it was the first relief operation under the New Deal. FERA's main goal was to alleviate household unemployment by creating new unskilled jobs in local and state government. Jobs were more expensive than di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Works Progress Administration
The Works Progress Administration (WPA; from 1935 to 1939, then known as the Work Projects Administration from 1939 to 1943) was an American New Deal agency that employed millions of jobseekers (mostly men who were not formally educated) to carry out public works projects, including the construction of public buildings and roads. It was set up on May 6, 1935, by presidential order, as a key part of the Second New Deal. The WPA's first appropriation in 1935 was $4.9 billion (about $15 per person in the U.S., around 6.7 percent of the 1935 GDP). Headed by Harry Hopkins, the WPA supplied paid jobs to the unemployed during the Great Depression in the United States, while building up the public infrastructure of the US, such as parks, schools, and roads. Most of the jobs were in construction, building more than of streets and over 10,000 bridges, in addition to many airports and much housing. In 1942, the WPA played a key role in both building and staffing Internment of Japanes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
School Meal Programs In The United States
In the United States, school meals are provided either at no cost or at a government-subsidized price, to students from low-income families. These free or subsidized meals have the potential to increase household food security, which can improve children's health and expand their educational opportunities. A study of a free school meal program in the United States found that providing free meals to elementary and middle school children in areas characterized by high food insecurity led to increased school discipline among the students. The biggest school meal program in the United States is the National School Lunch Program (NSLP), which was created under President Harry S. Truman in 1946. Its purpose is to prevent malnutrition and provide a foundation for good nutritional health. The text of the National School Lunch Act, which established the program, called it a "measure of national security, to safeguard the health and well-being of the nation's children and to encourage d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Security (United States)
In the United States, Social Security is the commonly used term for the federal Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program and is administered by the Social Security Administration (SSA). The Social Security Act was passed in 1935,Social Security Act of 1935 and the existing version of the Act, as amended, 2 USC 7 encompasses several social welfare and social insurance programs. The average monthly Social Security benefit for May 2025 was $1,903. This was raised from $1,783 in 2024. The total cost of the Social Security program for 2022 was $1.244 trillion or about 5.2 percent of U.S. gross domestic product (GDP). In 2025 there have been proposed budget cuts to social security. Social Security is funded primarily through payroll taxes called the Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) or Self Employed Contributions Act (SECA). Wage and salary earnings from covered employment, up to an amount determined by law (see tax rate table), are subject to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public Works Of Art Project
The Public Works of Art Project (PWAP) was a New Deal work-relief program that employed professional artists to create sculptures, paintings, crafts and design for public buildings and parks during the Great Depression in the United States. The program operated from December 8, 1933, to May 20, 1934, administered by Edward Bruce under the United States Treasury Department, with funding from the Federal Emergency Relief Administration. Although the program lasted less than one year, it had employed 3,749 artists, who produced 15,663 works of art.''provided by John R. Graham, Curator of Exhibits, Western Illinois University Art Gallery, 1 University Circle, Macomb, Illinois 61455'' In an art exhibition that featured 451 paintings commissioned by the PWAP, 30 percent of the artists featured were in their twenties, and 25 percent were first-generation immigrants. The PWAP served as way to employ artists, while having competent representatives of the profession create work for displa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Darwin William Tate
Darwin William Tate (ca. 1889–1962) was a member of the Los Angeles City Council between 1933 and 1939 and chief of the California Division of State Beaches and Parks from 1939 to 1942. Biography In the 1930s, Tate lived in the Echo Park area of Los Angeles, and was in several businesses, such as parking lots, horticulture and manufacturing. He was described in 1933 as a "tall, husky, quiet type of man." He was a Democrat. After his state service, he was a concessionaire at Corona del Mar State Park, operated by the city of Newport Beach. He died of a heart condition in Norwalk, California, after undergoing surgery for a hip fracture. He was survived by his wife, Leone of Costa Mesa; a son, James; and a daughter, Mrs. Margaret Cain. Public service City Council Elections Tate ousted incumbent City Council member Carl Ingold Jacobson from his 13th District seat in 1933 and was reelected in 1935 and 1937. In that era the district had its east boundary at Sheffield Street, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
California State Relief Administration
The California State Relief Administration (SRA) was a government agency responsible for administering unemployment benefits, unemployment relief and distributing state and federal funds to improve conditions in California during the Great Depression in the United States, Great Depression. It was established in 1935 as the successor to the State Emergency Relief Administration (SERA), established in 1933. The SRA was effectively abolished in 1941 when the California State Legislature, State Legislature refused to grant it further Appropriation bill, appropriations at the state level. Leadership Gallery File:Arvin, Kern County, California. Line up for state relief pay day. Shows exterior of building. This b . . . - NARA - 521650.jpg, Line up for state relief pay day, Arvin, California, 1940 File:Arvin, Kern County, California. ... Close-up of relief queue on S.R.A. pay day. Man in foreground is . . . - NARA - 521652.jpg, Close-up of relief queue on S.R.A. pay day, Arvin, Califor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agricultural Adjustment Act
The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) was a United States federal law of the New Deal era designed to boost agricultural prices by reducing surpluses. The government bought livestock for slaughter and paid farmers Subsidy, subsidies not to plant on part of their land. The money for these subsidies was generated through an exclusive tax on companies that processed farm products. The Act created a new Government agency, agency, the Agricultural Adjustment Administration, also called "AAA" (1933–1942), an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, to oversee the distribution of the subsidies.Hurt, R. Douglas, ''Problems of Plenty: The American Farmer in the Twentieth Century'', (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2002), 69. The Agriculture Marketing Act, which established the Federal Farm Board in 1929, was seen as an important precursor to this act. The AAA, along with other New Deal programs, represented the federal government's first substantial effort to address economic welfare in the U ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blake R
Blake or Blake's may refer to: People * Blake (given name), a given name of English origin (includes a list of people with the name) * Blake (surname), a surname of English origin (includes a list of people with the name) ** William Blake (1757–1827), English poet, painter, and printmaker Places * Blake, Kentucky, USA * Blake Basin, a deep area of the Atlantic Ocean * Blake Island, Washington, USA, in Puget Sound * Blake River Megacaldera Complex, a large cluster of volcanoes in Ontario and Quebec, Canada * Blake Village, Virginia, USA * Blake's Pools, a nature reserve in south west England, UK Art, entertainment, and media Fictional characters * Blake Belladonna, a character of the web series ''RWBY'' * Anita Blake, a character, protagonist of the ''Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter'' series of books by Laurell K. Hamilton * Bellamy Blake, fictional character in ''The 100 (TV series), The 100'' TV series * Bob Blake, a character in a series African American westerns from the 1930 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Key West, Florida
Key West is an island in the Straits of Florida, at the southern end of the U.S. state of Florida. Together with all or parts of the separate islands of Sigsbee Park, Dredgers Key, Fleming Key, Sunset Key, and the northern part of Stock Island, Florida, Stock Island, it constitutes the City of Key West. The island of Key West is about long and wide, with a total land area of . Within Florida, it is southwest of Miami by air, about by road. Key West is approximately north of Cuba at their closest points, and north-northeast of Havana. The city of Key West is the county seat of Monroe County, Florida, Monroe County, which includes a majority of the Florida Keys and part of the Everglades. The total land area of the city is . The population within the city limits was 26,444 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census. The official city motto is "One Human Family". Key West is the southernmost city in the contiguous United States and the westernmost island connected by h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sharecroppers' Union
The Sharecroppers' Union, also known as SCU or Alabama Sharecroppers’ Union, was a trade union of predominantly African American tenant farmers (commonly referred to as sharecroppers) in the American South that operated from 1931 to 1936. Its aims were to improve wages and working conditions for sharecroppers. Founded in 1931 in Tallapoosa County, Alabama, the Sharecroppers' Union had its origins in the Croppers’ and Farm Workers’ Union (CFWU). It was founded with the support of the Communist Party USA and, although theoretically open to all races, its membership by 1933 was solely African-American. Among its first members was Ned Cobb, whose story was told in Theodore Rosengarten’s ''All God's Dangers: The Life of Nate Shaw''. SCU's initial demands included continuation of food advances, which had been suspended by landowners in an attempt to drive down wages; the ASU also demanded the right to sell surplus crops directly in the market rather than having to rely on broke ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southern Tenant Farmers Union
The Southern Tenant Farmers Union (STFU), later known as the National Farm Labor Union, the National Agricultural Workers Union, and the Agricultural and Allied Workers Union, was founded as a civil farmer's trade union, union to organize tenant farmers in the Southern United States. Many such tenant farmer sharecroppers were Black descendants of former slaves. Originally set up in July 1934 during the Great Depression, the STFU was founded to help sharecroppers and tenant farmers get better arrangements from landowners. They were eager to improve their share of profit or subsidies and labour (economics), working conditions. The STFU was established as a response to policies of the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA). Part of the New Deal, the AAA was a program to reduce production in order to increase prices of commodities; landowners were paid subsidies, which they were supposed to pass on to their tenants. The program was designed by President of the United States, P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tenant Farmer
A tenant farmer is a farmer or farmworker who resides and works on land owned by a landlord, while tenant farming is an agricultural production system in which landowners contribute their land and often a measure of operating capital and management, while tenant farmers contribute their labor along with at times varying amounts of capital and management. Depending on the terms of their contract, tenants may make payments to the owner either of a fixed portion of the product, in cash or in a combination. The rights the tenant has over the land, the form, and measures of payment vary across systems (geographically and chronologically). In some systems, the tenant could be evicted at whim ( tenancy at will); in others, the landowner and tenant sign a contract for a fixed number of years ( tenancy for years or indenture). In most developed countries today, at least some restrictions are placed on the rights of landlords to evict tenants under normal circumstances. England and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
