The Public Works of Art Project (PWAP) was a

New Deal The New Deal was a series of wide-reaching economic, social, and political reforms enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States between 1933 and 1938, in response to the Great Depression in the United States, Great Depressi ...

work-relief program that employed professional artists to create sculptures, paintings, crafts and design for public buildings and parks during the

Great Depression in the United States In the United States, the Great Depression began with the Wall Street Crash of October 1929 and then spread worldwide. The nadir came in 1931–1933, and recovery came in 1940. The stock market crash marked the beginning of a decade of high u ...

. The program operated from December 8, 1933, to May 20, 1934, administered by Edward Bruce under the

United States Treasury Department The Department of the Treasury (USDT) is the national treasury and finance department of the federal government of the United States. It is one of 15 current U.S. government departments. The department oversees the Bureau of Engraving and ...

, with funding from the

Federal Emergency Relief Administration The Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) was a program established by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933, building on the Hoover administration's Emergency Relief and Construction Act. It was replaced in 1935 by the Works Progre ...

. Although the program lasted less than one year, it had employed 3,749 artists, who produced 15,663 works of art.''provided by John R. Graham, Curator of Exhibits, Western Illinois University Art Gallery, 1 University Circle, Macomb, Illinois 61455'' In an art exhibition that featured 451 paintings commissioned by the PWAP, 30 percent of the artists featured were in their twenties, and 25 percent were first-generation immigrants. The PWAP served as way to employ artists, while having competent representatives of the profession create work for display work in a public setting. According to one news report at the PWAP show at

MoMA The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on 53rd Street (Manhattan), 53rd Street between Fifth Avenue, Fifth and Sixth Avenues. MoMA's collection spans the late 19th century to the present, a ...

, "The artists selected for the program were chosen on the basis of their artistic qualifications and their need of employment. The subject assigned to them was ''the American scene in all its phases''."

Overview and purpose

The purpose of the Public Works of Art Project was "to give work to artists by arranging to have competent representatives of the profession embellish public buildings." Artworks from the project were shown or incorporated into a variety of locations, including the White House and the House of Representatives. Artists were paid an average of $75.59 per artwork, and the PWAP used a total of $1,184,400 to pay artists for their work. Participants were required to be professional artists, and in total, 3,749 artists were hired, and 15,663 works were produced: 7,000 easel paintings; 700 mural projects; 750 sculptures; and 2500 works of graphic art were commissioned by the PWAP. The PWAP sought to produce images focused on the "American Scene", and commissioned paintings and murals that depicted "optimistic visions of America during a time of economic desperation." However, many artists disliked the idea of creating art that focused only on the positive aspects of living in America, as people were still experiencing dire hardships and personal tragedies from the Great Depression. This created a community of PWAP artists who aspired to create artworks depicting both the "haves" and "have nots" of America, referred to as Social Realists. The short-lived Public Works of Art Project was a prototype for later federal art programs, including the

Federal Art Project The Federal Art Project (1935–1943) was a New Deal program to fund the visual arts in the United States. Under national director Holger Cahill, it was one of five Federal Project Number One projects sponsored by the Works Progress Administratio ...

of the

Works Progress Administration The Works Progress Administration (WPA; from 1935 to 1939, then known as the Work Projects Administration from 1939 to 1943) was an American New Deal agency that employed millions of jobseekers (mostly men who were not formally educated) to car ...

(WPA). Subsequent visual art programs administered by the Treasury Department were the

Section of Painting and Sculpture Section, Sectioning, or Sectioned may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media * Section (music), a complete, but not independent, musical idea * Section (typography), a subdivision, especially of a chapter, in books and documents ** Section s ...

and the

Treasury Relief Art Project The Treasury Relief Art Project (TRAP) was a New Deal arts program that commissioned visual artists to provide artistic decoration for existing Federal buildings during the Great Depression in the United States. A project of the United States De ...

, both of which employed artists to decorate federal buildings throughout the U.S.

History

The vision and advocacy of artists

George Biddle George Biddle (January 24, 1885 – November 6, 1973) was an American painter, muralist and lithographer, best known for his social realism and combat art. A childhood friend of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, he played a major role in establis ...

and Edward Bruce are credited for the creation and management of the New Deal art programs of the

United States Department of the Treasury The Department of the Treasury (USDT) is the Treasury, national treasury and finance department of the federal government of the United States. It is one of 15 current United States federal executive departments, U.S. government departments. ...

. On May 9, 1933, Biddle wrote a letter to newly elected President

Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), also known as FDR, was the 32nd president of the United States, serving from 1933 until his death in 1945. He is the longest-serving U.S. president, and the only one to have served ...

proposing that the U.S. government designate funds for murals in federal buildings "to improve the quality of American life". Roosevelt arranged for him to meet with L. W. Robert Jr., Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, who was responsible for the federal building construction program. At their June meeting, Biddle learned that funds had been approved to decorate the new Department of Justice and

Post Office A post office is a public facility and a retailer that provides mail services, such as accepting letter (message), letters and parcel (package), parcels, providing post office boxes, and selling postage stamps, packaging, and stationery. Post o ...

buildings in Washington, D.C., but that Congress was reluctant to have the appropriated funds spent on art. Biddle sent a proposal to a number of government officials, as well as

Eleanor Roosevelt Anna Eleanor Roosevelt ( ; October 11, 1884November 7, 1962) was an American political figure, diplomat, and activist. She was the longest-serving First Lady of the United States, first lady of the United States, during her husband Franklin D ...

, who shared it with FDR. They both approved of the concept, as did Robert and architect Charles Louis Borie Jr., who designed the Justice building. The proposal's greatest advocate was Ned Bruce, an artist as well as an expert on monetary policy who had joined the Treasury Department in 1932. In October 1933, Bruce had a series of gatherings at his home to discuss the possibility of government support for the visual arts. When the funding source was identified as the sticking point, Biddle and Bruce met with Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes, who administered the

Public Works Administration The Public Works Administration (PWA), part of the New Deal of 1933, was a large-scale public works construction agency in the United States headed by United States Secretary of the Interior, Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes. It was ...

. Ickes supported the art program that was proposed, and believed it could be funded by the

, led by Harry L. Hopkins. Recognizing the value of a work-relief program for workers in the visual arts, Hopkins allocated $1 million in FERA funds to the program. On December 11, 1933, the Public Works of Art Project was approved and announced. "The project is expected to encourage and inspire artists to depict a permanent record of the times," reported ''

The Washington Star ''The Washington Star'', previously known as the ''Washington Star-News'' and the ''Washington'' ''Evening Star'', was a daily afternoon newspaper published in Washington, D.C., between 1852 and 1981. The Sunday edition was known as the ''Sunday ...

''. The program operated under the general supervision of Robert, advised by the Advisory Committee to the Treasury on Fine Arts. This group was made up of Charles Moore, chair of the Fine Arts Commission; Assistant Secretary of Agriculture

Rexford Tugwell Rexford Guy Tugwell (July 10, 1891 – July 21, 1979) was an American economist who became part of Franklin D. Roosevelt's first " Brain Trust", a group of Columbia University academics who helped develop policy recommendations leading up to ...

; Henry Hopkins; Henry T. Hunt of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration of Public Works; Frederic A. Delano, director of the

National Capital Planning Commission The National Capital Planning Commission (NCPC) is a United States government, U.S. government executive branch agency that provides Urban planning, planning guidance for Washington, D.C., and the surrounding National Capital Region. Through its pl ...

, who chaired the committee; and Bruce, who was secretary. Art critic and writer Forbes Watson (1879–1960) served as the project's technical director. PWAP was organized into 16 regional districts headed by the following administrators:

Notable works

Coit Tower murals

The first and largest of the projects sponsored by the PWAP were the murals in San Francisco's

Coit Tower Coit Tower (also known as Coit Memorial Tower) is a tower in the Telegraph Hill, San Francisco, Telegraph Hill neighborhood of San Francisco, California, overlooking the city and San Francisco Bay. The tower, in the city's Pioneer Park, San Franc ...

, begun in December 1933 and completed in June 1934. A total of 44 artists and assistants were employed, many of them faculty or former students of the California School of Fine Arts (CSFA). Among the lead artists were Maxine Albro,

Victor Arnautoff Victor Mikhail Arnautoff (November 11, 1896 – March 22, 1979) was a Russian-American painter and professor of art. He worked in San Francisco and the Bay Area from 1925 to 1963, including two decades as a teacher at Stanford University, and was ...

, Jane Berlandina, Ray Bertrand, Roy Boynton, Ralph Chesse, Ben Cunningham, Rinaldo Cuneo, Harold Mallette Dean, Parker Hall, Edith Hamlin, George Albert Harris, William Hesthal,

John Langley Howard John Langley "Lang" Howard (1902–1999) was an American artist, known as a Social realism, Social Realist muralist, printmaker and illustrator. Biography John Langley Howard was born in Upper Montclair, New Jersey, Upper Montclair, New Jersey ...

, Lucien Labaudt, Gordon Langdon, Jose Moya del Pino, Otis Oldfield, Frederick E. Olmsted, Suzanne Scheuer, Ralph Stackpole, Edward Terada, Frede Vidar, Clifford Wight, and Bernard Zakheim. After a majority of the murals were completed, the Big Strike of 1934 shut down the Pacific Coast. Though it has been claimed that allusions to the event were subversively included in the murals by some of the artists, in fact the murals were largely completed before the strike began and none of those that were not completed by that time show any reference to the strike.

Griffith Observatory's ''Astronomers Monument''

Astronomers Monument at Griffith Observatory

''The Astronomers Monument'', commissioned by the Public Works of Art Project in 1933, sits outside of the Griffith Observatory in Los Angeles, California. ''The Astronomers Monument'' was designed by Archibald Garner, and created by Garner and five other artists. Each artist was responsible for sculpting one of the astronomers featured in the monument, and in total the monument features six influential astronomers:

Hipparchus Hipparchus (; , ; BC) was a Ancient Greek astronomy, Greek astronomer, geographer, and mathematician. He is considered the founder of trigonometry, but is most famous for his incidental discovery of the precession of the equinoxes. Hippar ...

(about 150 BC);

Nicholas Copernicus Nicolaus Copernicus (19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance polymath who formulated a mathematical model, model of Celestial spheres#Renaissance, the universe that placed heliocentrism, the Sun rather than Earth at its cen ...

(1473–1543);

Galileo Galilei Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de' Galilei (15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642), commonly referred to as Galileo Galilei ( , , ) or mononymously as Galileo, was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a poly ...

(1564–1642);

Johannes Kepler Johannes Kepler (27 December 1571 – 15 November 1630) was a German astronomer, mathematician, astrologer, Natural philosophy, natural philosopher and writer on music. He is a key figure in the 17th-century Scientific Revolution, best know ...

(1571–1630);

Isaac Newton Sir Isaac Newton () was an English polymath active as a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author. Newton was a key figure in the Scientific Revolution and the Age of Enlightenment, Enlightenment that followed ...

(1642–1727); and

William Herschel Frederick William Herschel ( ; ; 15 November 1738 – 25 August 1822) was a German-British astronomer and composer. He frequently collaborated with his younger sister and fellow astronomer Caroline Herschel. Born in the Electorate of Hanover ...

(1738–1822). One of the artists,

George Stanley Colonel George Francis Gillman Stanley (July 6, 1907September 13, 2002) was a Canadian author, soldier, historian at Mount Allison University, public servant, and designer of the Canadian Flag. Early life and education George F. G. Stanley was ...

, was also the creator of the famous "

Oscar Oscar, OSCAR, or The Oscar may refer to: People and fictional and mythical characters * Oscar (given name), including lists of people and fictional characters named Oscar, Óscar or Oskar * Oscar (footballer, born 1954), Brazilian footballer ...

" statuette presented at the Academy Awards. On November 25, 1934, about six months prior to the opening of the Observatory, a celebration took place to mark the completion of the ''Astronomers Monument''. The only "signature" on the ''Astronomers Monument'' is "PWAP 1934" referring to the program which funded the project and the year it was completed.

''Muse of Music, Dance, Drama''

This

Art Deco Art Deco, short for the French (), is a style of visual arts, architecture, and product design that first Art Deco in Paris, appeared in Paris in the 1910s just before World War I and flourished in the United States and Europe during the 1920 ...

style monument serves as the gateway to the

Hollywood Bowl The Hollywood Bowl is an amphitheatre and Urban park, public park in the Hollywood Hills of Los Angeles, California. It was named one of the 10 best live music venues in the United States by ''Rolling Stone'' magazine in 2018 and was listed on ...

, and is said to be the largest of hundreds of monuments in Southern California constructed during the New Deal. The 200-foot long, 22-foot high sculpture is also a fountain and was constructed with concrete and covered with slabs of decorative granite. The structure was completed in 1940 by

, also a contributor to the Griffith Observatory's ''Astronomers Monument'' and who is better known as the sculptor who molded the original

Academy Awards The Academy Awards, commonly known as the Oscars, are awards for artistic and technical merit in film. They are presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) in the United States in recognition of excellence in ...

' Oscar statue. The structure was refurbished in 2006.

Selected easel paintings

''Golden Gate Bridge''

''Golden Gate Bridge'' was commissioned by the Public Works of Art Project in 1934. The artist, Ray Strong, painted a depiction of the Golden Gate Bridge while it was under construction. Building the Golden Gate Bridge seemed impossible at the time it was built, due to the wind and overall complexity of the bridge design. This painting was commissioned as a tribute to the engineering and design feats undertaken during the construction of the Golden Gate Bridge. This painting represents the American Idealism art style.

''Connecticut Barns''

This 1934 painting was not recognized as being the work of

Charles Sheeler Charles Sheeler (July 16, 1883 – May 7, 1965) was an American artist known for his Precisionism, Precisionist paintings, commercial photographer, commercial photography, and the 1921 avant-garde film, ''Manhatta'', which he made in collaboratio ...

until a

General Services Administration The General Services Administration (GSA) is an Independent agencies of the United States government, independent agency of the United States government established in 1949 to help manage and support the basic functioning of federal agencies. G ...

art researcher found it in an Interior Department closet in 1983. It was not known that Sheeler had been employed by the Public Works of Art Project because the artist's name had been misspelled in government records. He was paid $221.85 for ''Connecticut Barns''. Its title distinguishes it from a similar watercolor—''Connecticut Barns in Landscape''—measuring 4 by 5 inches, which is thought to be a study for this oil canvas.

Additional works

File:Juan Duran SAAM-1964.1.148 1.jpg, Kenneth M. Adams, ''Juan Duran'' (New Mexico) File:Northern Minnesota Mine SAAM-1964.1.49 1.jpg, Dewey Albinson, ''Northern Minnesota'' (Minnesota) File:Ivan Albright, The Farmer's Kitchen, ca. 1934, oil on canvas, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Transfer from the U.S. Department of Labor, 1964.1.74.jpg, Ivan Albright, ''The Farmer’s Kitchen'' (Illinois) File:Quarry at New Hope.PNG, Bernard Badura, ''Quarry at New Hope'' (Pennsylvania) File:BBadu.jpg, Bernard Badura, Bucks County, Pennsylvania File:Jicarilla Apache Fiesta SAAM-1985.7 1.jpg, Laverne Nelson Black, ''Jicarilla Apache Fiesta'' (New Mexico) File:Corn Dance, Taos Pueblo SAAM-1964.1.77 1.jpg, Norman S. Chamberlain, ''Corn Dance, Taos Pueblo'' (California) File:Aircraft No 5 by George A. Danchuk.jpg, George A. Danchuk, ''Aircraft No. 5'' (Ohio) File:Valley Farms SAAM-1964.1.40 1.jpg, Ross Dickinson, ''Valley Farms'' (California) File:Industry SAAM-1964.1.92 1.jpg, Arthur Durston, ''Industry'' (California) File:Inside a Lumber Mill SAAM-1964.1.158 1.jpg, Claire Falkenstein, ''Inside a Lumber Mill'' (California) File:Racing SAAM-1965.18.9 1.jpg, Gerald Sargent Foster, ''Racing'' (New Jersey) File:Clinton, Mo. SAAM-1974.28.63 1.jpg, Harry Louis Freund, ''Clinton, Mo.'' (Missouri) File:Subway, Furedi, 1934.jpg, Lily Furedi, ''Subway'' (New York) File:Suburban Apartments SAAM-1964.1.155 1.jpg, Lloyd Goff, ''Suburban Apartments'' (New York) File:Alki Point Lighthouse SAAM-1974.28.154 1.jpg, Z. Vanessa Helder, ''Alki Point Lighthouse'' (Washington) File:E MartinEEE. Martin Hennings, Homeward Bound, 1933-1934, oil on canvas, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Transfer from the U.S. Department of Labor, 1964.1.62SAAM-1964.1.62 1.jpg, Ernest Martin Hemmings, ''Homeward Bound'' (New Mexico) File:Factory SAAM-1964.1.185 2.jpg, Louis Hirshman, ''The Factory'' (Pennsylvania) File:Oyster Shuckers SAAM-1965.18.42 1.jpg, Catherine M. Howell, ''Oyster Shuckers'' (Louisiana) File:Georgetown Waterfront SAAM-1974.89.5 1.jpg, Rowland Lyon, ''Georgetown Waterfront'' (Washington, D.C.) File:Mountain Lions SAAM-1964.1.80 1.jpg, Ila Mae McAfee, ''Mountain Lions'' (New Mexico) File:Horses at Night, Frank Mechau.jpg, Frank Mechau, ''Horses at Night'' (Colorado) File:Storm SAAM-1966.31.14 1.jpg, Abram Molarsky, ''The Storm'' (New Jersey) File:Timber Bucker SAAM-1965.18.35 1.jpg, Ernest Ralph Norling, ''The Timber Bucker'' (Washington) File:Old Man River SAAM-1964.1.25 1.jpg, John T. Robertson, ''Old Man River'' (Iowa) File:Americana (No. 2) SAAM-1964.1.23 1.jpg, William S. Schwartz, ''Americana (No. 2)'' (Illinois) File:Parkville, Main Street SAAM-1964.1.124 1.jpg, Gale Stockwell, ''Parkville, Main Street'' (Missouri) File:Untitled SAAM-1974.28.74 1.jpg, Elizabeth F. Summers, ''Untitled'' (Missouri) File:Industry SAAM-1964.1.32 1.jpg, Charles W. Ward, ''Industry'' (New Jersey) File:Santos Zingale Lynch Law 1934 oil on canvas UWM Art Collection Gift of the Works Progress Administration.jpg, Santos Zingale, ''Lynch Law'' (Wisconsin) File:SAAM-1962.8.41 1.jpg, Anonymous, ''Underpass—Binghamton, New York'' (New York)

Exhibitions

Los Angeles

An exhibition of Region 14 paintings and sculptures by 100 artists was presented March 11–25, 1934, at the Los Angeles Museum. ''Los Angeles Times'' critic Arthur Millier called the show a "Southern California Renaissance". Some 300 pieces were shown; Millier mentioned the following as emblematic of the "young, vigorous, colorful, varied" product of the PWAP artists: * ''CCC Workers'' bas relief, Donal Hord (later installed South Pasadena Junior High) * ''The Law'', Archibald Garner (later installed Spring Street Courthouse) * ''Indian Girl'', Eugenia Everett * "Three lovely figures," Ada May Sharpless * Decorative panels by Arthur Ames, James Redmond, William P. Everett, Conrad Buff * Paintings by Kim Clarke of ships and railroads * Watercolors by James Couper Wright, Joseph DeMers,

Milford Zornes James Milford Zornes (January 25, 1908 – February 24, 2008) was an American Watercolor painting, watercolor artist and teacher known as part of the California Scene Painting movement. Biography Milford Zornes was born in rural western Okla ...

, and Everett L. Bryant A report in the '' Los Angeles Post-Record'' said the show was drawing "huge crowds."

Baltimore

The

Baltimore Museum of Art The Baltimore Museum of Art (BMA) in Baltimore, Maryland, is an art museum that was founded in 1914. The BMA's collection of 95,000 objects encompasses more than 1,000 works by Henri Matisse anchored by the Cone Collection of modern art, ...

showed works by 30 PWAP artists from April 1–21, 1934, including a painting of the waterfront by Charles H. Walther. A second show was put on at the Maryland Institute in December 1934.

Cincinnati

The Cincinnati Museum of Art hosted a PWAP show April 22 to 29, 1934, including drawings of local subjects by local artist Glen Tracy.

Washington, D.C.

On Tuesday, April 24, 1934, FDR and First Lady

attended the opening of ''National Exhibition of Art by the Public Works of Art Project'', a

Corcoran Gallery of Art The Corcoran Gallery of Art is a former art museum in Washington, D.C., that is now the location of the Corcoran School of the Arts and Design, a part of the George Washington University. Founded in 1869 by philanthropist William Wilson Corco ...

show of 500 pieces created by PWAP artists. ''New York Times'' critic Edward Alden Jewell listed the following "smaller paintings" as those he wanted on the record as "especially successful": * '' Tenement Flats'' by Millard Sheets * ''San Pedro Harbor'' by

Paul Starrett Paul Starrett (1866–1957) was an American builder. In 1883, he graduated from Lake Forest Academy, an elite boarding school for boys which was part of the Lake Forest, Illinois, educational experiment. His brothers also graduated from this insti ...

* ''Vendue'' by Robert Tabor * ''Old Baltimore Waterfront'' by Herman Maril * ''Barge Dock'' by Erle Loran * ''Old Pennsylvania Farm'' by * ''New England House'' by H.A. Coon * ''Spring Plowing'' by Helen Dickson * ''Waterfront Scene'' by Pino Lanni * ''The Young Artist'' by Gertrude A. Lambert * ''Winter Afternoon, Central Park'' by Agnes Tait * ''The Snow Shovelers'' by Jacob Getlar Smith * ''Paper Workers'' by Douglass Crockwell * ''Interior'' by Josephine Wupper * ''The Covered Bridge'' by Ivan Hoon ''The New York Times'' featured photographs of three other paintings: ''Central Park'' by Carl Gustaf Nelson, ''Family Quilting'' by Dorothea Tomlinson, and ''The Squall'' by Gerald Foster. About half of the pieces of art from the Corcoran show became part of a traveling show. The first stop was the

Museum of Modern Art The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on 53rd Street (Manhattan), 53rd Street between Fifth Avenue, Fifth and Sixth Avenues. MoMA's collection spans the late 19th century to the present, a ...

in New York City, where about 150 pieces where exhibited from September 19 to October 7. MoMA selected ''Employment of Negroes in Agriculture'' for inclusion in their show''; "'' Earle Richardson's lush portrayal of four black cotton workers was the sole painting by a black artist" included in the show, and the first-ever exhibition of black art at MoMA. The Everhart Museum in

Scranton, Pennsylvania Scranton is a city in and the county seat of Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, United States. With a population of 76,328 as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, Scranton is the most populous city in Northeastern Pennsylvania and the ...

hosted a further scaled-down version of this show from October 24 to 30, 1934, with an exhibit of 50 oil paintings and watercolors.

Birmingham

In June 1934, the Birmingham Public Library exhibited an oil painting of the Tannehill Furnace by Carrie Hill, a portrait of John Herbert Phillips by Mrs. Effie Gibson, and had received but had yet to display five prints by "Eastern" artists.

Indianapolis

There was a PWAP show at the Herron Institute in Indiana in June 1934.

Brooklyn

The

Brooklyn Museum The Brooklyn Museum is an art museum in the New York City borough (New York City), borough of Brooklyn. At , the museum is New York City's second largest and contains an art collection with around 500,000 objects. Located near the Prospect Heig ...

hosted a show in October 1934 of "31 contemporary artists, featuring accessions acquired through the Public Works of Art Project."

Wilmington, Delaware

The Fine Arts Society of the Wilmington City Library put on a show of local PWAP art from October 15 to 27, 1934.

References

External links

Smithsonian Museum of American Art: PWAP paintings Flickr album
*
Public Works of Art Project. Report of the Assistant Director of the Treasury to Federal Emergency Relief Administrator, December 8, 1933 – June 30, 1934
' (

HathiTrust HathiTrust Digital Library is a large-scale collaborative repository of digital content from research libraries. Its holdings include content digitized via Google Books and the Internet Archive digitization initiatives, as well as content digit ...

)
Living New Deal Project
a digital database of the lasting effects of the New Deal, Department of Geography, University of California, Berkeley

1934: A New Deal for Artists
a link to Anne Prentice Wagner's article, "1934: A New Deal for Artists" in the Spring 2009 issue of ' ''Antiques and Fine Art'' magazine. * Additional photographs of th
Coit Tower murals
by Maxine Albro,

, et al. {{DEFAULTSORT:Public Works Of Art Project New Deal projects of the arts New Deal agencies Public art in the United States 1933 in the United States 1934 in the United States 1933 establishments 1934 disestablishments