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Falaq (radar)
The Falaq (Persian:فلق) is an Iranian air surveillance radar system. It is a domestically upgraded and refurbished version of the Russian-made 67N6E Gamma-DE air surveillance radar. It is a 3D phased-array radar system. The system is capable of identifying all types of cruise missiles, stealth planes, unmanned aerial vehicles and ballistic missiles within a range of 400 kilometers. The system was unveiled in Tehran on 10 August 2019, in an announcement made by the commander of Iran's Air Defense Force Brigadier General Alireza Sabahifard. Brigadier General Alireza Sabahifard stated in the announcement that the system was developed in order to counter US economic sanctions restricting Iranian access to spare parts of a previously foreign-developed system. This prompted Iranian engineers to "reconstruct" the system in a process that took 2,300 man-hours. The unveiling of the radar system came at a time of escalating tensions between Iran and United States and Europe's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3D Radar
3D radar provides for radar ranging and direction in three dimensions. In addition to range, the more common two-dimensional radar provides only azimuth for direction, whereas the 3D radar also provides elevation. Applications include weather radar, weather monitoring, air defense, and surveillance. The information provided by 3D radar has long been required, particularly for air defence and Ground-controlled interception, interception. Interceptors must be told the altitude to climb to before making an intercept. Before the advent of single unit 3D radars, this was achieved with separate search radars (giving range and azimuth) and separate height finding radars that could examine a target to determine altitude. These had little search capability, so were directed to a particular azimuth first found by the primary search radar. Techniques Steered beam radars steer a narrow beam through a scan pattern to build a 3-D picture. Examples include NEXRAD Pulse-Doppler radar, Doppler ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Sanctions Against Iran
Following the Iranian Revolution, the United States has since 1979 applied various economic, trade, scientific and military sanctions against Iran. United States economic sanctions are administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), an agency of the United States Department of the Treasury. As of 2025, United States sanctions against Iran include an embargo on dealings with the country by the United States, and a ban on selling aircraft and repair parts to Iranian aviation companies. The United States has imposed sanctions against Iran in response to the Iranian nuclear program and Iranian support for Hezbollah, Hamas, and Palestine Islamic Jihad, that are considered terrorist organizations by the United States. Iranian support for the Shia militias in Iraq and the Houthi movement in the Yemen civil war are also in contention. On 17 May 2018, the European Commission announced its intention to implement the blocking statute of 1996 to declare United States sanct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Radars Of Iran
A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily Weapon, armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. Militaries are typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with their members identifiable by a distinct military uniform. They may consist of one or more military branches such as an army, navy, air force, space force, marines, or coast guard. The main task of a military is usually defined as defence of their state and its interests against external armed threats. In broad usage, the terms "armed forces" and "military" are often synonymous, although in technical usage a distinction is sometimes made in which a country's armed forces may include other paramilitary forces such as armed police. Beyond warfare, the military may be employed in additional sanctioned and non-sanctioned functions within the state, including internal security threats, crowd control, promotion of political agendas, emergency services and reconstructi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Nas
Al-Nas or Mankind () is the 114th and last chapter (''sūrah'') of the Qur'an. It is a short six- verse invocation. The chapter takes its name from the word "people" or "mankind" (''al-nas''), which recurs throughout the chapter. This and the preceding chapter, Al-Falaq ("Daybreak"), are known Al-Mu'awwidhatayn ("the Refuges"): dealing with roughly the same theme, they form a natural pair. Regarding the timing and contextual background of the believed revelation (''asbāb al-nuzūl''), it is an earlier "Meccan surah", which indicates a revelation in Mecca rather than Medina. Early Muslims were persecuted in Mecca where Muhammed was not a leader, and not persecuted in Medina, where he was a protected leader. There is a Sunnah tradition of reading this chapter for the sick or before sleeping. Verses and translations Verse and translation In the Name of Allah—the Most Compassionate, Most Merciful. 1 Say, ˹O Prophet,˺ “I seek refuge in the Lord of humankind, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Mu'awwidhatayn
Al-Mu'awwidhatayn (Arabic: المعوذتين), an Arabic expression meaning "The Two Protectors" or "The Two Protective Incantations", refers to the final two surahs (chapters) of the Quran: 113 (Al-Falaq) and 114 (Al-Nas). They are called by this name because of their use of the term ''ʿādhā'' (meaning "protection" or "refuge") in a phrase that occurs in both surahs: ʿ''qul aʿūdhu bi-rabbi al- ... min ...'' ("Say: I seek refuge with the Lord of ... from/against ... "). Likewise, the two surahs appear consecutively in the Qur'an, are both very short, and bear additional stylistic resemblances with one another, broadly functioning as incantations that appeal to God's protection from evils or ailments. Some in the Islamic tradition have claimed that the two surahs were also revealed at the same time to Muhammad. Some scholars have argued that the content and style of the Al-Mu'awwidhatayn is "wholly different" from the rest of that in the Quran. Relatedly, the placement of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
An-Nās
Al-Nas or Mankind () is the 114th and last chapter (''sūrah'') of the Qur'an. It is a short six-ayah, verse invocation. The chapter takes its name from the word "people" or "mankind" (''al-nas''), which recurs throughout the chapter. This and the preceding chapter, Al-Falaq ("Daybreak"), are known Al-Mu'awwidhatayn ("the Refuges"): dealing with roughly the same theme, they form a natural pair. Regarding the timing and contextual background of the believed revelation in Islam, revelation (''asbāb al-nuzūl''), it is an earlier "Meccan surah", which indicates a revelation in Mecca rather than Medina. Early Muslims were persecution of the Muslims, persecuted in Mecca where Muhammed was not a leader, and not persecuted in Medina, where he was a protected leader. There is a Sunnah tradition of reading this chapter for the sick or before sleeping. Verses and translations Verse and translation In the Name of Allah—the Most Compassionate, Most Merciful. 1 Say, ˹O Prop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iblis
Iblis (), alternatively known as Eblīs, also known as Shaitan, is the leader of the Shayatin, devils () in Islam. According to the Quran, Iblis was thrown out of Jannah#Jinn, angels, and devils, heaven after refusing to prostrate himself before Adam in Islam, Adam. He is often compared to the Christianity, Christian Satan, since both figures were cast out of heaven according to their respective religious narratives. In his role as the master of cosmic illusion in Sufi cosmology, he functions in ways similar to the Buddhism, Buddhist concept of Mara (demon), Mara. Iblis embodies the cosmic veil supposedly separating the immanent aspect of God in Islam, God's love from the transcendent aspect of Divine retribution, God's wrath. He entangles the unworthy in the material web hiding the underlying all-pervading spiritual reality. Kalam, Islamic theology (''kalām'') regards Iblis as an example of attributes and actions which God punishes with hell (''Nār''). Regarding the origin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allah
Allah ( ; , ) is an Arabic term for God, specifically the God in Abrahamic religions, God of Abraham. Outside of the Middle East, it is principally associated with God in Islam, Islam (in which it is also considered the proper name), although the term was used in pre-Islamic Arabia and continues to be used today by Arabic-speaking adherents of any of the Abrahamic religions, including God in Judaism, Judaism and God in Christianity, Christianity. It is thought to be derived by contraction from ''Arabic definite article, al-Ilah, ilāh'' (, ) and is linguistically related to God's names in other Semitic languages, such as Aramaic ( ) and Hebrew language, Hebrew ( ). The word "Allah" now conveys the superiority or sole existence of Monotheism, one God, but among the Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia#Role of Allah, pre-Islamic Arabs, Creator deity, Allah was a supreme deity and was worshipped alongside lesser deities in a Pantheon (religion), pantheon. Many Jews, Christians, and ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
God In Islam
In Islam, God (, contraction of , ) is seen as the Creator god, creator and God the Sustainer, sustainer of the universe, who God and eternity, lives eternally. God is conceived as a perfect, Tawhid, singular, immortal, omnipotent, and omniscient god, completely Infinity, infinite in all of Attributes of God in Islam, his attributes. Islam further emphasizes that God is most merciful. The Islamic concept of God is variously described as monotheistic, panentheistic, and monistic. In Schools of Islamic theology, Islamic theology, Anthropomorphism and corporealism in Islam, anthropomorphism () and corporealism () refer to beliefs in the human-like (anthropomorphic) and materially embedded (corporeal) form of God, an idea that has been classically described assimilating or comparing God to the creatures created by God. By contrast, belief in the Transcendence (religion), transcendence of God is called , which also rejects notions of incarnation and a personal god. is widely accep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qur'an
The Quran, also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation directly from God ('' Allāh''). It is organized in 114 chapters (, ) which consist of individual verses ('). Besides its religious significance, it is widely regarded as the finest work in Arabic literature, and has significantly influenced the Arabic language. It is the object of a modern field of academic research known as Quranic studies. Muslims believe the Quran was orally revealed by God to the final Islamic prophet Muhammad through the angel Gabriel incrementally over a period of some 23 years, beginning on the Laylat al-Qadr, when Muhammad was 40, and concluding in 632, the year of his death. Muslims regard the Quran as Muhammad's most important miracle, a proof of his prophethood, and the culmination of a series of divine messages starting with those revealed to the first Islamic prophet Adam, including the holy books of the Torah, Psalms, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sūrah
A ''surah'' (; ; ) is an Arabic word meaning 'chapter' in the Quran. There are 114 ''suwar'' in the Quran, each divided into ayah, verses (). The ''suwar'' are of unequal length; the shortest ''surah'' (al-Kawthar) has only three verses, while the longest (al-Baqara, al-Baqarah) contains 286 verses.Muhammad Mustafa Al-A'zami (2003), ''The History of The Qur'anic Text: From Revelation to Compilation: A Comparative Study with the Old and New Testaments'', p.70. UK Islamic Academy. . The Qur'an consists of one short introductory chapter (Q1), eight very long chapters, making up one-third of the Qur'an (Al-Baqara, Q2‒At-Tawbah, 9); 19 mid-length chapters, making up another one-third (Q10‒28); and 86 short and very short ones of the last one-third (Q29‒114). Of the 114 ''suwar'' in the Quran, 86 are classified as Meccan surah, Meccan (), as according to Islamic tradition they were revealed before Muhammad's migration to Medina (''hijrah''), while 28 are Medinan surah, Medinan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joint Comprehensive Plan Of Action
The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA; (, BARJAM)), also known as the Iran nuclear deal or Iran deal, is an agreement to limit the Iranian nuclear program in return for sanctions relief and other provisions. The agreement was finalized in Vienna on 14 July 2015, between Iran and the P5+1 (the five permanent members of the United Nations S.C.—China, France, Russia, the U.K., U.S.—plus Germany) together with the European Union. Formal negotiations began with the adoption of the Joint Plan of Action, an interim agreement signed between Iran and the P5+1 countries in November 2013. Iran and the P5+1 countries engaged in negotiations for the following 20 months and, in April 2015, agreed on an Iran nuclear deal framework, which later led to JCPOA, along with a Roadmap Agreement between Iran and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Negotiations centered around sanctions relief and restrictions on Iran's nuclear facilities, including the Arak IR-40 reactor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
