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Fadjar Harapan
''Fadjar Harapan'' ('Dawn of Hope') was a short-lived Indonesian pioneer organization, linked to the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI). ''Fadjar Harapan'' was founded in 1959, albeit that there already was an existing Scouting movement initiated by the Communist Party. However, the organization was officially not connected to any political party (according to the constitution of the organization) and was open to all children between the ages of six and thirteen. The initiative to found the new organization was taken by the party leader Aidit. Cadres of the Communist Party and Pemuda Rakjat (the youth wing of the Communist Party) were given the task to study how pioneer movements functioned in other countries, but adapting ''Fadjar Harapan'' to Indonesian conditions.Hindley, Donald. The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951-1963'. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964. p. 199 Once Fadjar Harapan was launched, it consisted of local organizations with no functioning national ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea, Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state and the List of countries and dependencies by area, 14th-largest country by area, at . With over 280 million people, Indonesia is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fourth-most-populous country and the most populous Islam by country, Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's List of islands by population, most populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population. Indonesia operates as a Presidential system, presidential republic with an elected People's Consultative Assembly, legislature and consists of Provinces of Indonesia, 38 provinces, nine of which have Autonomous administrative divisi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pioneer Movement
A pioneer movement is an youth organization, organization for children operated by a communist party. Typically children enter into the organization in elementary school and continue until adolescence. The adolescents then typically join the Young Communist League. Prior to the 1990s there was a wide cooperation between pioneer and similar movements of about 30 countries, coordinated by the international organization, ''International Committee of Children's and Adolescents' Movements'' (, CIMEA), founded in 1958, with headquarters in Budapest, Hungarian People's Republic, Hungary. Overview During the Russian Civil War from 1917 to 1921, most of the Russian Scoutmasters and many Scouting, Scouts fought in the ranks of the White Army against the Red Army. Between 1918 and 1920, the All-Russian Congresses of the Russian Union of the Communist Youth (Komsomol) decided to eradicate the Scout movement and create an organization of the communist type, that would take Soviet children a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist Party Of Indonesia
The Communist Party of Indonesia (Indonesian language, Indonesian: ''Partai Komunis Indonesia'', PKI) was a communist party in the Dutch East Indies and later Indonesia. It was the largest non-ruling communist party in the world before its Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66, violent disbandment in 1965. The party had two million members in the 1955 elections, with 16 percent of the national vote and almost 30 percent of the vote in East Java. At the time, it was the largest communist party in the world after the Chinese and Soviet communist parties. During most of the period immediately following the Indonesian Independence until the eradication of the PKI in 1965, it was a legal party operating openly in the country. Accused of responsibility for the 30 September Movement, 1965 army-led coup attempt, the party was banned by General Suharto in March 1966. History Forerunners The Indies Social Democratic Association (Dutch language, Dutch: ''Indische Sociaal-Democratische ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scouting Movement
Scouting or the Scout Movement is a youth movement which became popularly established in the first decade of the twentieth century. It follows the Scout method of informal education with an emphasis on practical outdoor activities, including camping, woodcraft, aquatics, hiking, backpacking and sports. A widely recognized movement characteristic is the Scout uniform, by intent hiding all differences of social standing and encouraging equality, with neckerchief (known as a scarf in some countries) and (originally) a campaign hat or comparable headwear. Distinctive insignia include the fleur-de-lis as well as merit badges or patches. In some countries, Girl Guides organizations, using a trefoil insignia, exist for girls to carry-out scout training. Other programs for children who are too young to be Scouts and take the Scout Promise, such as Wolf Cubs or Cubs (launched in 1916), and for those who are too old to be Scouts, such as Rovers (launched in 1918), are some ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aidit
Dipa Nusantara Aidit (born Ahmad Aidit; 30 July 1923 – 22 November 1965) was an Indonesian communist politician, who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) from 1951 until his summary execution during the mass killings of 1965–66. Born on Belitung Island, he was nicknamed "Amat". Early life Aidit was born Achmad Aidit in Tanjung Pandan, Belitung, 30 July 1923. He was the first son of four. His parents were Abdullah Aidit and Mailan. Achmad and his siblings studied at Hollandsche Inlandsch School. In early 1936, Achmad asked his father to continue his studies in Jakarta (then called Batavia). Achmad then attended Middestand Handel School, instead of Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs, because the registration had already been closed. For three years he lived in Cempaka Putih with his father's colleague. He moved to Senen and lived with his brother Murad who followed in Achmad's footsteps. Unwilling to rely on money sent by their parents, Achmad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Youth (Indonesia)
People's Youth ( Indonesian: ''Pemuda Rakyat'') was the youth wing of the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI). The organisation was formed as the Socialist Youth of Indonesia (''Pemuda Sosialis Indonesia'' or ''Pesindo''). Initially the organisation was set up on the initiative of then Minister of Defence Amir Sjarifuddin, as the youth wing of the Socialist Party of Indonesia. A congress was held on 10 and 11 November 1945, where seven locally based youth outfits merged. Rapidly it gained a membership of around 25,000. The organisation took part in the armed struggle for independence during the Indonesian National Revolution. Pesindo units were engaged in intense street fighting during the Battle of Surabaya. Pesindo took part, along with PKI and FDR, in the Madiun Uprising in 1948. In 1950 the organisation established its ties to the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) and changed its name to "''Pemuda Rakyat''". At the congress of November 1950 Francisca C. Fanggidaej became th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Djakarta
Jakarta (; , Betawi: ''Jakartè''), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta (; ''DKI Jakarta'') and formerly known as Batavia until 1949, is the capital and largest city of Indonesia and an autonomous region at the provincial level. Lying on the northwest coast of Java, the world's most populous island, Jakarta is the largest metropole in Southeast Asia and serves as the diplomatic capital of ASEAN. The Special Region has a status equivalent to that of a province and is bordered by two other provinces: West Java to the south and east; and Banten to the west. Its coastline faces the Java Sea to the north, and it shares a maritime border with Lampung to the west. Jakarta's metropolitan area is ASEAN's second largest economy after Singapore. In 2023, the city's GDP PPP was estimated at US$724.010 billion. Jakarta is the economic, cultural, and political centre of Indonesia. Although Jakarta extends over only and thus has the smallest area of any Indonesian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gerakan Pramuka Indonesia
The Pramuka Movement of Indonesia (), officially the Praja Muda Karana Scouting Movement (), is the national scouting organization of Indonesia. Scouting was founded in the Dutch East Indies in 1912, and Indonesia became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) in 1953. Regulated by the Pramuka Movement Act of 2010, all elementary and secondary schools must operate a scouting program; and membership was compulsory for students in elementary and secondary schools from 2013 to 2024. It has 25,272,760 members (as of 2022), making it the world's largest Scout association. The organization was established on 14 August 1961 as a part of the Guided Democracy in Indonesia, late Sukarno government's attempt to create a Scouting-like movement "Scouting controversy and conflict#Bans on Scouting by authoritarian regimes, freed from (the influences of) Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell, Baden-Powell",. August 14 is celebrated as Pramuka Day to honour the org ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of Indonesia
The president of the Republic of Indonesia () is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Indonesia. The president is the leader of the executive branch of the Indonesian government and the commander-in-chief of the Indonesian National Armed Forces and the Indonesian National Police. Since 2004, the president and vice president have been directly elected to a five-year term, once renewable, allowing for a maximum of ten years in office. The current president is Prabowo Subianto, who assumed office on 20 October 2024. History Sukarno era The Indonesian presidency was established during the formulation of the 1945 Constitution by the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (BPUPK). The office was first filled on 18 August 1945, when Sukarno was elected by acclamation by the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI) because, according to the Transitional Provisions of the Constitution, "the president and the v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sukarno
Sukarno (6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) was an Indonesian statesman, orator, revolutionary, and nationalist who was the first president of Indonesia, serving from 1945 to 1967. Sukarno was the leader of the Indonesian struggle for independence from the Dutch East Indies, Dutch colonialists. He was a prominent leader of Indonesian National Party, Indonesia's nationalist movement during the colonial period and spent over a decade under Dutch detention until released by the Dutch East Indies campaign, invading Empire of Japan, Japanese forces in World War II. Sukarno and his fellow nationalists Collaboration with Imperial Japan#Dutch East Indies (Indonesia), collaborated to garner support for the Japanese war effort from the population, in exchange for Japanese aid in spreading nationalist ideas. Upon Surrender of Japan, Japanese surrender, Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, declared Indonesian independence on 17 August 1945, and Sukarno was appoin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mass Organizations Of The Communist Party Of Indonesia
Mass is an intrinsic property of a body. It was traditionally believed to be related to the quantity of matter in a body, until the discovery of the atom and particle physics. It was found that different atoms and different elementary particles, theoretically with the same amount of matter, have nonetheless different masses. Mass in modern physics has multiple definitions which are conceptually distinct, but physically equivalent. Mass can be experimentally defined as a measure of the body's inertia, meaning the resistance to acceleration (change of velocity) when a net force is applied. The object's mass also determines the strength of its gravitational attraction to other bodies. The SI base unit of mass is the kilogram (kg). In physics, mass is not the same as weight, even though mass is often determined by measuring the object's weight using a spring scale, rather than balance scale comparing it directly with known masses. An object on the Moon would weigh less than it d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Youth Organizations Established In 1959
Youth is the time of life when one is young. The word, youth, can also mean the time between childhood and adulthood ( maturity), but it can also refer to one's peak, in terms of health or the period of life known as being a young adult. Youth is also defined as "the appearance, freshness, vigor, spirit, etc., characteristic of one, who is young". Its definitions of a specific age range varies, as youth is not defined chronologically as a stage that can be tied to specific age ranges; nor can its end point be linked to specific activities, such as taking unpaid work, or having sexual relations. Youth is an experience that may shape an individual's level of dependency, which can be marked in various ways according to different cultural perspectives. Personal experience is marked by an individual's cultural norms or traditions, while a youth's level of dependency means the extent to which they still rely on their family emotionally and economically. Terminology and definitions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
