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FLY (psychedelics)
FLY is a family of substituted phenethylamine, phenethylamine and substituted benzofuran, benzofuran psychedelic drug, psychedelics possessing a benzodifuran or similar ring system. The FLY drugs were so-named because of the resemblance of their chemical structures to flying insects like dragonfly, dragonflies and butterfly, butterflies. They are structural analog, analogues of 2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamines in which the 2- and 5-position methoxy groups have been cyclic compound, cyclized into furan and/or tetrahydrofuran ring (chemistry), rings. They may be 2C (drug), 2C, DOx, 25-NB, or other FLY versions of psychedelic phenethylamines. Examples of different types of FLY drugs, in the case of the base psychedelic 2C-B, include 2C-B-FLY, 2C-B-DRAGONFLY, 2C-B-BUTTERFLY, and 2C-B-MOTH. BromoDragonFLY (DOB-DragonFLY) is known for its very high potency (pharmacology), potency and its toxicity in overdose. 2C-B-FLY was Ann Shulgin's favorite research chemical. According to Alexander ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methoxy Group
In organic chemistry, a methoxy group is the functional group consisting of a methyl group bound to oxygen. This alkoxy group has the formula . On a benzene ring, the Hammett equation classifies a methoxy substituent at the ''para'' position as an electron-donating group, but as an electron-withdrawing group if at the ''meta'' position. At the ''ortho'' position, steric effects are likely to cause a significant alteration in the Hammett equation prediction, which otherwise follows the same trend as that of the ''para'' position. Occurrence The simplest of methoxy compounds are methanol and dimethyl ether. Other methoxy ethers include anisole and vanillin. Many metal alkoxides contain methoxy groups, such as tetramethyl orthosilicate and titanium methoxide. Esters with a methoxy group can be referred to as methyl esters, and the —COOCH3 substituent is called a methoxycarbonyl. Biosynthesis In nature, methoxy groups are found on nucleosides subjected to 2′-''O''-methy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potency (pharmacology)
In pharmacology, potency or biological potency is a measure of a drug's biological activity expressed in terms of the dose required to produce a pharmacological effect of given intensity. A highly potent drug (e.g., fentanyl, clonazepam, risperidone, benperidol, bumetanide) evokes a given response at low concentrations, while a drug of lower potency (e.g. morphine, alprazolam, ziprasidone, haloperidol, furosemide) evokes the same response only at higher concentrations. Higher potency does not necessarily mean greater effectiveness nor more side effects nor less side effects. Types of potency The International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR) has stated that "potency is an imprecise term that should always be further defined", and lists of types of potency as follows: Miscellaneous Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is one of the most potent psychoactive drug A psychoactive drug, psychopharmaceutical, mind-altering drug, consciousness-altering drug, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BromoDragonFLY
Bromo-DragonFLY, also known as 3C-Bromo-Dragonfly or DOB-Dragonfly, psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine, DOx, and FLY families. It acts as a potent full agonist of the 5-HT2A receptor. Use Data on toxicological significance and dosage of Bromo-DragonFLY remains elusive due to lack of human consumption, however commonly reported recreational dose of this substance is in the range of 500 to 1000μg. However, a death has been reported at approximately 700μg Bromo-DragonFLY. Overdose and toxicity The toxicity of Bromo-DragonFLY appears to be fairly high for humans, with reports of at least five deaths believed to have resulted from Bromo-DragonFLY in Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland and the United States. Laboratory testing has confirmed that in October 2009, a batch of Bromo-DragonFLY was distributed, mislabeled as the related compound 2C-B-FLY, which is around 20x less potent than BDF by weight. This mistake is believed to have contributed to several lethal overdoses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2C-B-BUTTERFLY
2C-B-BUTTERFLY (2C-B-MOTH, 2C-B-BFLY) is a conformationally-restricted derivative of the hallucinogen 2C-B and a member of the phenethylamine, 2C, and FLY families. It was discovered in 1999 by Michael S. Whiteside and Aaron Monte. It is a ring-expanded homologue of the better known compound 2C-B-FLY, and has similar properties as an agonist for serotonin receptor 5-HT receptors, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors, or serotonin receptors, are a group of G protein-coupled receptor and ligand-gated ion channels found in multiple tissues including the central and peripheral nervous systems. They mediate both ex ...s, but with more selectivity for 5-HT2C over 5-HT2A. Analogues and derivatives Legal Status 2C-B-BUTTERFLY is illegal in Latvia. See also * Bromo-DragonFLY * βk-2C-B * 2C-D-5-EtO References 5-HT2A agonists 5-HT2C agonists Bromobenzene derivatives 2C (psychedelics) Dihydropyrans FLY (psychedelics) Heterocyclic compounds with 3 rings Seroto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2C-B-DRAGONFLY
2C-B-DRAGONFLY (2C-B-DFLY) is a recreational designer drug with psychedelic effects of the phenethylamine, 2C, and FLY families. It can be regarded as the fully aromatic derivative of 2C-B-FLY. 2C-B-DRAGONFLY is stronger than 2C-B or 2C-B-FLY with around 2–3x the potency of 2C-B in animal studies, demonstrating the importance of the fully aromatic benzodifuran ring system for optimum receptor binding at 5-HT2A, but it is still considerably less potent than its alpha-methyl derivative Bromo-DragonFLY. See also * 2C-B-aminorex * 2C-B-BUTTERFLY * 2C-B-PP * 2C-E-FLY * DOB-FLY * DOB-2-DRAGONFLY-5-BUTTERFLY * NBOMe-2C-B-FLY * TFMFly * Substituted benzofuran The substituted benzofurans are a class of chemical compounds based on the heterocyclic compound, heterocyclic and polycyclic compound, polycyclic compound benzofuran. Many medicines use the benzofuran core as a scaffold, but most commonly the t ... References 2C (psychedelics) 5-HT2A agonists Benzof ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2C-B-FLY
2C-B-FLY is a psychedelic and designer drug of the phenethylamine, 2C, and FLY families. It was first synthesized in 1996 by Aaron Monte, Professor of Chemistry at UW-La Crosse. This molecule was researched by Alexander Shulgin, and it was Ann Shulgin's favorite research chemical. Chemistry 2C-B-FLY is 8-bromo-2,3,6,7-benzo-dihydro-difuran-ethylamine. The full name of the chemical is 2-(8-bromo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydrofuro ,3-f enzofuran-4-yl)ethanamine. It has been subject of little formal study, but its appearance as a designer drug has led the DEA to release analytical results for 2C-B-FLY and several related compounds. Analogs and derivatives In theory, dihydro-difuran analogs of any of the 2Cx / DOx family of drugs could be made, and would be expected to show similar activity to the parent compounds, 2-CB, DOB, DOM, etc. In the same way that 2C-B-FLY is the dihydro-difuran analog of 2C-B, the 8-iodo equivalent, "2C-I-FLY," would be the dihydro-difuran analogue of 2C-I, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2C-B
2C-B, also known as 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine or by the slang name Nexus, is a synthetic psychedelic drug of the 2C family, mainly used as a recreational drug. It was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin in 1974 for use in psychotherapy. To date, there is limited scientific information regarding the drug's pharmacokinetics and pharmacological effects in humans. The existing studies primarily classify 2C-B as a stimulant and hallucinogen, and less commonly an entactogen. 2C-B is also known by a number of slang names and appears on the illicit market in multiple forms: as a powder, in capsules or pills. For recreational use, the substance is generally consumed orally or nasally. Use Recreational 2C-B became briefly popular in the United States as substitute for the street drug ecstasy (MDMA) when the latter became illegal in 1985. Many 2C-B users are young adults who attend raves. Although 2C-B is still used in the rave subculture (commonly mistaken for and/o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
25-NB
The 25-NB (25''x''-NB''x'') series, or NBOMe series, also known as the ''N''-benzylphenethylamines, is a family of serotonergic psychedelics. They are substituted phenethylamines and were derived from the 2C family. The most commonly encountered NBOMe drugs are 25I-NBOMe, 25B-NBOMe, and 25C-NBOMe. The NBOMe drugs act as selective agonists of the serotonin 5-HT2 receptors. The 25-NB family is unique relative to other classes of psychedelics in that they are, generally speaking, extremely potent and quite selective for the 5-HT2 receptors. Use of NBOMe series drugs has caused many deaths and hospitalisations since the drugs popularisation in the 2010s. This is primarily due to their high potency, unpredictable pharmacokinetics, and sellers passing off the compounds in the series as LSD. Use The 25-NB drugs are inactive orally and instead are typically used sublingually, buccally, by insufflation, or sometimes via inhalation. They are typically employed at doses in the ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2C (drug)
2C (2C-''x'') is a general name for the family of psychedelic phenethylamines containing methoxy groups on the 2 and 5 positions of a benzene ring. Most of these compounds also carry lipophilic substituents at the 4 position, usually resulting in more potent and more metabolically stable and longer acting compounds. Most of the currently known 2C compounds were first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin in the 1970s and 1980s and published in his book ''PiHKAL'' (''Phenethylamines i Have Known And Loved''). Shulgin also coined the term 2C, being an acronym for the 2 carbon atoms between the benzene ring and the amino group. 2C-B is the most popular of the 2C drugs. Use The 2C drugs are orally active, are used at oral doses of 6 to 150mg depending on the drug, and have durations of 3 to 48hours depending on the drug. However, many have doses in the range of 10 to 60mg and durations in the range of 4 to 12hours. The 2C drugs produce psychedelic effects. Some, such as 2C-B, have al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ring (chemistry)
In chemistry, a ring is an ambiguous term referring either to a simple cycle of atoms and bonds in a molecule or to a connected set of atoms and bonds in which every atom and bond is a member of a cycle (also called a ring system). A ring system that is a simple cycle is called a monocycle or simple ring, and one that is not a simple cycle is called a polycycle or polycyclic ring system. A simple ring contains the same number of sigma bonds as atoms, and a polycyclic ring system contains more sigma bonds than atoms. A molecule containing one or more rings is called a cyclic compound, and a molecule containing two or more rings (either in the same or different ring systems) is termed a polycyclic compound. A molecule containing no rings is called an acyclic or open-chain compound. Homocyclic and heterocyclic rings A homocycle or homocyclic ring is a ring in which all atoms are of the same chemical element. A heterocycle or heterocyclic ring is a ring containing atoms of at least ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
