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Exciter (effect)
An exciter (also called a harmonic exciter or aural exciter) is an audio signal processing technique used to enhance a signal by dynamic equalization (audio), equalization, phase manipulation, harmonic synthesis of (usually) high frequency signals, and through the addition of subtle harmonic distortion. Dynamic equalization involves variation of the equalizer characteristics in the time domain as a function of the input. Due to the varying nature, noise is reduced compared to static equalizers. Harmonic synthesis involves the creation of higher order harmonics from the fundamental frequency signals present in the recording. As noise is usually more prevalent at higher frequencies, the harmonics are derived from a purer frequency band resulting in clearer highs. Exciters are also used to synthesize harmonics of low frequency signals to simulate deep bass in smaller speakers. Originally made in valve (Vacuum tube, tube) based equipment, they are now implemented as part of a digital ...
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Audio Signal Processing
Audio signal processing is a subfield of signal processing that is concerned with the electronic manipulation of audio signals. Audio signals are electronic representations of sound waves—longitudinal waves which travel through air, consisting of compressions and rarefactions. The energy contained in audio signals or sound power level is typically measured in decibels. As audio signals may be represented in either Digital signal (signal processing), digital or analog signal, analog format, processing may occur in either domain. Analog processors operate directly on the electrical signal, while digital processors operate mathematically on its digital representation. History The motivation for audio signal processing began at the beginning of the 20th century with inventions like the telephone, phonograph, and radio that allowed for the transmission and storage of audio signals. Audio processing was necessary for early radio broadcasting, as there were many problems with stud ...
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Olivia Newton-John
Dame Olivia Newton-John (26 September 1948 – 8 August 2022) was a British and Australian singer and actress. With over 100 million records sold, Newton-John was one of the List of best-selling music artists#100 million to 119 million records, best-selling music artists of all time, as well as the highest-selling female Australian recording artist of all time. In 1978, Newton-John starred in the musical film ''Grease (film), Grease'', which was the highest-grossing musical film at the time and whose Grease: The Original Soundtrack from the Motion Picture, soundtrack remains one of the List of best-selling albums, world's best-selling albums. It features two major hit duets with co-star John Travolta: "You're the One That I Want"—which is one of the List of best-selling singles#15 million physical copies or more, best-selling singles of all time—and "Summer Nights (Grease song), Summer Nights". Her signature solo recordings include the Grammy Award for Record of the Year, ...
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Sound On Sound
''Sound on Sound'' is a monthly music technology magazine. The magazine includes product tests of electronic musical performance and recording devices, and interviews with industry professionals. Due to its technical focus, it is predominantly aimed at the professional recording studio market as well as artist project studios and home recording enthusiasts. Independently owned, the magazine is published by SOS Publications Group in Cambridge, United Kingdom. History The magazine was conceived, created and founded by brothers Ian and Paul Gilby and their friend Godfrey Davies in 1985. It was originally launched in 1985 on the UK Channel 4 television programme, '' The Tube'', championing the convergence of MIDI, computer technology and recording equipment. At the time of its launch, text for the magazine was edited on BBC Model B computers and pages were physically pasted together with wax. The modern magazine is full-colour throughout and led the way in using colour as much a ...
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Spectral Band Replication
Spectral band replication (SBR) is a technology to enhance audio or speech codecs, especially at low bit rates and is based on harmonic redundancy in the frequency domain. It can be combined with any Audio compression (data), audio compression codec: the codec itself transmits the lower and midfrequencies of the spectrum, while SBR replicates higher frequency content by transposing up harmonics from the lower and midfrequencies at the decoder. Some guidance information for reconstruction of the high-frequency spectral envelope is transmitted as side information. When needed, it also reconstructs or adaptively mixes in noise-like information in selected frequency bands in order to faithfully replicate signals that originally contained no or fewer tonal components. The SBR idea is based on the principle that the psychoacoustic part of the human brain tends to analyse higher frequencies with less accuracy; thus harmonic phenomena associated with the spectral band replication process ...
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Effects Unit
An effects unit, effects processor, or effects pedal is an electronic device that alters the sound of a musical instrument or other audio source through audio signal processing. Common effects include distortion (music), distortion/overdrive, often used with electric guitar in electric blues and rock music; dynamics (music), dynamic effects such as volume pedals and Dynamic range compression, compressors, which affect loudness; linear filter, filters such as wah-wah pedals and graphic equalizers, which modify frequency ranges; modulation effects, such as Chorus (audio effect), chorus, flangers and phaser (effect), phasers; Pitch (music), pitch effects such as pitch shifter (audio processor), pitch shifters; and time effects, such as Reverb effect, reverb and Delay (audio effect), delay, which create echoing sounds and emulate the sound of different spaces. Most modern effects use solid-state electronics or digital signal processors. Some effects, particularly older ones such a ...
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Overdub
Overdubbing (also known as layering) is a technique used in audio recording in which audio tracks that have been pre-recorded are then played back and monitored, while simultaneously recording new, doubled, or augmented tracks onto one or more available tracks of a digital audio workstation (DAW) or tape recorder. The overdub process can be repeated multiple times. This technique is often used with singers, as well as with instruments, or ensembles/orchestras. Overdubbing is typically done for the purpose of adding richness and complexity to the original recording. For example, if there are only one or two artists involved in the recording process, overdubbing can give the effect of sounding like many performers. In vocal performances, the performer usually listens to an existing recorded performance (usually through headphones in a recording studio) and simultaneously plays a new performance along with it, which is also recorded. The intention is that the final mix will contain ...
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Behringer
Behringer is an audio equipment company founded by the Swiss engineer Uli Behringer on 25 January 1989 in Willich, Germany. Behringer produces equipment including synthesizers, mixers, audio interfaces and amplifiers. Behringer is owned by Music Tribe (formerly Music Group), a holding company chaired by Uli Behringer. History Foundation and early development Uli Behringer was born on 13 April 1961 in Baden, Switzerland. His father was a church organist and nuclear physicist; his mother a pianist and interpreter; his uncle a professor of composition at the Richard Strauss Conservatory in Munich; and his aunt a classical singer and pianist. At the age of four, Uli Behringer started to learn piano. When Behringer was five years old, his father acquired the organ from a church being demolished. He then helped his father integrate the organ with over 1000 pipes into the family home. At the age of 16, he built his first synthesizer, the UB1. Marketing, manufacturin ...
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Bogen Communications
Bogen may refer to: Places ; Germany * Bogen, Germany, a town in the district of Straubing-Bogen, Bavaria * Straubing-Bogen, a district in Bavaria * Hoher Bogen, a mountain range in Bavaria * Landkreis Bogen, a former ''Landkreis'' in Niederbayern ; Kazakhstan * Bogen (river), a river in the Turkistan Region * Bogen Dam, a dam across the Bogen River ; Norway * Bogen, Evenes, a village in Evenes municipality, Nordland ** Bogen Chapel (Evenes), a chapel in the village of Bogen in Evenes * Bogen, Steigen, a village in Steigen municipality, Nordland ** Bogen Chapel (Steigen), a chapel in the village of Bogen in Steigen * Bogen (Austra), a hamlet on Austra island, Nordland ; South Georgia * Bogen Glacier, a glacier on South Georgia island Other uses * Bogen (surname), a surname * Bogen Imaging Bogen may refer to: Places ; Germany * Bogen, Germany, a town in the district of Straubing-Bogen, Bavaria * Straubing-Bogen, a district in Bavaria * Hoher Bogen, a mountain range i ...
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E-mu Systems
E-mu Systems was a software synthesizer, audio interface, MIDI interface, and MIDI keyboard manufacturer. Founded in 1971 as a synthesizer maker, E-mu was a pioneer in samplers, sample-based drum machines and low-cost digital sampling music workstations. After its acquisition in 1993, E-mu Systems was a wholly owned subsidiary of Creative Technology, Ltd. In 1998, E-mu was combined with Ensoniq, another synthesizer and sampler manufacturer previously acquired by Creative Technology. E-mu was last based in Scotts Valley, California, on the outskirts of Silicon Valley. History 120px, VCA chip by SSM's competitor, Curtis Electromusic Specialties (CEM) E-mu Systems was founded in Santa Cruz, California by Dave Rossum, a University of California, Santa Cruz, UCSC student and two of his friends from Caltech, Steve Gabriel and Jim Ketcham, with the goal to build their own modular synthesizers. Scott Wedge, who would ultimately become president, joined later that summer. ...
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Yamaha (manufacturer)
is a Japanese multinational musical instrument and audio equipment manufacturer. It is one of the constituents of Nikkei 225 and is the world's largest musical instrument manufacturing company. The former motorcycle division was established in 1955 as Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd., which started as an affiliated company but has been spun-off as its own independent company. History was established in 1887 as a reed organ manufacturer by Torakusu Yamaha () in Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Prefecture, and was incorporated on 12 October 1897. In 1900, the company manufactured the first piano to be made in Japan, and its first grand piano two years later. In 1987, 100 years after the first reed organ built by Yamaha, the company was renamed Yamaha Corporation in honor of its founder. The company's origins as a musical instrument manufacturer are still reflected today in the group's logo—a trio of interlocking tuning forks. After World War II, company president Genichi Kawakami repurpose ...
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Liner Notes
Liner notes (also sleeve notes or album notes) are the writings found on the sleeves of LP record albums and in booklets that come inserted into the compact disc jewel case or cassette j-cards. Origin Liner notes are descended from the program notes for musical concerts, and developed into notes that were printed on the outer album jacket or the inner sleeve used to protect a traditional 12-inch vinyl record, i.e., long playing or gramophone record album. The term descends from the name "record liner" or "album liner". Album liner notes survived format changes from vinyl LP to cassette to CD. These notes can be sources of information about the contents of the recording as well as broader cultural topics. Contents Common material Such notes often contained a mix of factual and anecdotal material, and occasionally a discography for the artist or the issuing record label. Liner notes were also an occasion for thoughtful signed essays on the artist by another party, often a ...
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James Taylor
James Vernon Taylor (born March 12, 1948) is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist. A six-time Grammy Award winner, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2000. Taylor achieved his breakthrough in 1970 with the single "Fire and Rain (song), Fire and Rain" and had his first hit in 1971 with his recording of "You've Got a Friend", written by Carole King in the same year. His 1976 ''Greatest Hits (James Taylor album), Greatest Hits'' album was certified RIAA certification#RIAA Diamond certifications, Diamond and has sold 11 million copies in the US alone, making it one of the List of best-selling albums in the United States#10–14 million copies, best-selling albums in US history. Following his 1977 album ''JT (James Taylor album), JT'', he has retained a large audience over the decades. Every album that he released from 1977 to 2007 sold over 1 million copies. He enjoyed a resurgence in chart performance during the late 1990s and 2000s, when he recorded som ...
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