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Ethio-Somali War
The Ogaden War, also known as the Ethio-Somali War (, ), was a military conflict between Somalia and Ethiopia fought from July 1977 to March 1978 over control of the sovereignty of the Ogaden region. Somalia launched an invasion in support of the Western Somali Liberation Front (WSLF) insurgency, triggering a broader inter-state war. The intervention drew the disapproval of the Soviet Union, which subsequently withdrew its support for Somalia and backed Ethiopia instead. Ethiopia was saved from defeat and permanent loss of territory through a massive airlift of military supplies worth $1 billion, the arrival of more than 12,000 Cuban soldiers and airmen and 1,500 Soviet advisors, led by General Vasily Petrov. On 23 January 1978, Cuban armored brigades inflicted the worst losses the Somali forces had ever taken in a single action since the start of the war. The Ethiopian-Cuban force (equipped with 300 tanks, 156 artillery pieces and 46 combat aircraft) prevailed at Ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethiopian Civil War
The Ethiopian Civil War was a civil war in Ethiopia and present-day Eritrea, fought between the Ethiopian military junta known as the Derg and Ethiopian-Eritrean anti-government rebels from 12 September 1974 to 28 May 1991. The Derg overthrew the Ethiopian Empire and Emperor Haile Selassie in a 1974 Ethiopian coup d'état, coup d'état on 12 September 1974, establishing Ethiopia as a Communist state, Marxist–Leninist state under a military junta and provisional government. Various opposition groups of ideological affiliations ranging from Communism, Communist to anti-Communist, often drawn from a specific ethnic background, began armed resistance to the Soviet Union, Soviet-backed Derg, in addition to the Eritrean separatism, separatists already fighting in the Eritrean War of Independence. The Derg used military campaigns and the Red Terror (Ethiopia), Qey Shibir (Ethiopian Red Terror) to repress the rebels. By the mid-1980s, various issues such as the 1983–1985 famine in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Somali Democratic Republic
The Somali Democratic Republic (; , ; ) was a socialist state in Somalia that existed from 1969 to 1991. Established in October 1969, the Somali Democratic Republic emerged following a 1969 Somali coup d'état, coup d'état led by Major General Siyaad Barre, Mohamed Siyaad Barre and the Somali Armed Forces, Somali military. The coup took place six days after the assassination of Abdirashid Shermarke, the second President of the Somali Republic. Barre's administration governed Somalia for the next 21 years until the rise of Ethiopian-backed Somali rebel groups, which ultimately led to the government's collapse and the onset of Somali Civil War, civil war in 1991. History Coup d'etat Abdirashid Shermarke, the 2nd president of Somalia, was assassinated outside the municipal headquarters of Las Anod in Northern Somalia on 15 October 1969. Shermarke had been visiting drought-stricken areas in the northeast when the assassin, Said Yusuf Ismail, shot and killed him. Henry Kissinge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed
Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed (, ; 15 December 1934 – 23 March 2012), was a Somali politician and former military official who served as the first President of Puntland from 1998 to 2004. He also played a key role in establishing the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia, Transitional Federal Government (TFG), which he led as President of Somalia from 2004 to 2008. Additionally, he was one of the founders of the rebel Somali Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF). Yusuf was a career soldier in the Somali National Army, participating in the 1964 Ethiopian–Somali Border War, 1964 Border War and Ogaden War against Ethiopia. After Somalia's defeat in the Ogaden War in 1978, he 1978 Somali coup attempt, led a failed coup against President Siad Barre, marking the start of the Somali Rebellion, Somali rebellion. Following the coup's failure, Yusuf established the Somali Salvation Democratic Front in Ethiopia and began fighting alongside Ethiopian forces against the Somali army. During ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdullahi Ahmed Irro
Abdullahi Ahmed Irro (; - ), Abdullahi Ahmed Yusuf Irro,''ARR: Arab report and record'', (Economic Features, ltd.: 1978), p.602. was a prominent Somali military professor and late general. He helped establish the National Academy for Strategy. Early years Irro was born in the southern town of Kismayo, Somalia, to a Majeerteen Harti Darod family. Irro's father Ahmed Yussuf Irro and two of his uncles served in the Italian colonial army. They were among Migiurtinia's youth who were forcibly conscripted after the fall of the ruling northern Majeerteen Sultanate (Migiurtinia) and Sultanate of Hobyo (Obbia) during the annexation campaign against the " Northern Sultanates', a fascist expedition from 1922 to 1929 under the command of Cesare Maria De Vecchi of the National Fascist Party led by Benito Mussolini. Irro's mother, Zhabah Hosh Ellie, was the daughter of an aristocratic wazir of the Obbio Sultanate. Irro spent the better part of his adolescence in Mogadishu, where he w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdullah Mohamed Fadil
Abdullah Mohamed Fadil (, , Osmanya: 𐒖𐒁𐒆𐒖𐒐𐒐𐒖 𐒑𐒝𐒔𐒖𐒑𐒑𐒗𐒆 𐒍𐒖𐒆𐒘𐒐; born 1930's - died January 1991), was a very senior Somali, Military Officer, Strategist, Politician and a Revolutionary. Biography Fadil was the son of a Yemeni musketeer from Taiz governorate with the Sultanate of Hobyo and a Majeerteen mother of the Nuh Jabrail family. Both parents served under Sultan Ali Yusuf Kenadid, heir to Sultan Yusuf Ali Kenadid. Fadil was the first Joint Chiefs of Staff and Commander of the Somali Armed Forces (SAF), and was a senior member of the Supreme Revolutionary Council (SRC). A Major General in the military, he would also hold number of portfolios as a Minister, including as the Minister of Industry and Commerce, Minister of Health, Minister of Ports and Marine Transport, during the Siad Barre administration. In the 1970s Abdullah Mohamed Fadil and Muhammad Ali Samatar advised President Barre to select top Frunze g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Ali Samatar
Mohammad Ali Samatar. (Arabic: محمد علي سمتر, Somali language, Somali: Maxamed Cali Samantar, Osmanya script: 𐒑𐒙𐒔𐒖𐒑𐒑𐒖𐒑𐒗𐒆 𐒖𐒐𐒘 𐒈𐒖𐒑𐒖𐒂𐒖; 1 January 193119 August 2016) was a Somalis, Somali military officer, politician, Commander-in-Chief of the Somali National Army, Ministry of Defence (Somalia), Minister of Defence, Vice President of Somalia, Vice President (1971-1990), Deputy General Secretary of the Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party, and Prime minister of Somalia, Prime Minister. He was known for his intelligent military tactics in the 1964 Ethiopian–Somali Border War, Ogaden War and 1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War. Early years Samatar was born in 1931 in Kismayo, Somalia. For his post-secondary education, Samatar studied at the Frunze Military Academy in the former Soviet Union (Военная академия им. М. В. Фрунзе), an elite institution reserved for the most qualified officers of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siad Barre
Mohammed Siad Barre (, Osmanya script: , ''Muhammad Ziād Barīy''; 6 October 1919 – 2 January 1995) was a Somali military officer, politician, and revolutionary who served as the third president of Somalia from 21 October 1969 to 26 January 1991. Barre, the commander of the Somali National Army, became president of Somalia after the 1969 Somali coup d'état, 1969 coup d'état that overthrew the Somali Republic following the assassination of President Abdirashid Shermarke. The Supreme Revolutionary Council (Somalia), Supreme Revolutionary Council military junta under Barre reconstituted Somalia as a one-party Marxism–Leninism, Marxist–Leninist communist state, renamed the country the Somali Democratic Republic and adopted scientific socialism. Barre spoke three languages, English language, English, Somali language, Somali and Italian language, Italian. Barre's early rule was characterised by attempts at widespread modernization, nationalization of banks and industry, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vasily Petrov (marshal)
Vasiliy Ivanovich Petrov (; – 1 February 2014) was a Soviet and Russian military official and Marshal of the Soviet Union. He served as Commander-in-Chief of the Soviet Ground Forces from 1980 to 1985. Background Vasily Ivanovich Petrov was born on 15 January 1917 in the village of Chernolesskoye, Stavropol Governorate, the son of a white-collar employee. He graduated from secondary school in 1935 and studied for two years at the Ordzhonikidze Pedagogical Institute until 1937. Petrov joined the Red Army in 1939 and completed the lieutenant's course in 1941. During World War II, he fought in defence of Odessa, defence of Sevastopol and the Campaign in the Caucasus. He later took part in the liberation of Ukraine (part of the USSR) and the invasion of Romania, in addition to the Budapest Offensive in Hungary. After the war, Petrov completed the Accelerated Course of the Frunze Military Academy in Moscow, and in 1948 graduated from the academy's Special Course. He serv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdul Fattah Ismail
Abdul Fattah Ismail Ali Al-Jawfi (; 28 July 1939 – 13 January 1986) was a Yemeni Marxist politician and revolutionary who was the ''de facto'' leader of South Yemen from 1978 to 1980 after the overthrow of President Salim Rubaya Ali. He served as President of South Yemen, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Council (head of state) and founder, chief ideologue and first leader of the Yemeni Socialist Party from 21 December 1978 to 21 April 1980. He died under mysterious circumstances during the 1986 South Yemen Civil War and his body was never found. Biography Abdul Fattah was born on 28 July 1939 in the Al-Hujariah district of the Taiz Governorate in Kingdom of Yemen, North Yemen. Though his father was a faqīh (Islamic jurist), he had a poor and rural upbringing. He subsequently followed his elder brother to Aden (which was then a Aden Protectorate, British protectorate) where he was educated at the Ahliah School in Tawahi (Aden), Tawahi district. When he was ap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salem Rubaya Ali
Salim Rubaya Ali (; 17 June 1934 – 26 June 1978), commonly known by his nickname Salemin (), was a Yemeni Maoism, Maoist politician and revolutionary who served as the second head of state of the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (South Yemen) from 22 June 1969 until his execution on 26 June 1978. Ali led the Left-wing politics, left-wing faction of the National Liberation Front (South Yemen), National Front for the Liberation of South Yemen (NLF), which forced the United Kingdom, British to withdraw from southern Yemen on 29 November 1967. Ali's radical Marxist faction gained dominance over the more moderate President Qahtan Mohammed al-Shaabi, Qahtan al-Shaabi's elements, allowing Ali to seize power; he retained the title of President of South Yemen, Chairman of the Presidential Council throughout his term, even as the NLF changed the name of the country from the People's Republic of South Yemen to the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen in 1970. Ali's National Front j ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arnaldo Ochoa
Arnaldo Tomás Ochoa Sánchez (1930 – July 13, 1989) was a Cuban general who was executed by the government of Fidel Castro after being found guilty of a variety of crimes including drug smuggling and treason. Career Ever since its creation, he was part of Fidel Castro's 26th of July Movement, and by March 1957 he had joined Castro's guerrilla army in the Sierra Maestra, fighting against dictator Fulgencio Batista. Ochoa played a major role in the fall of Santa Clara, becoming a close friend of Raúl Castro. Ochoa is said to have been the only survivor of the Camilo Cienfuegos loyalists sent on a doomed expedition against the Trujillo dictatorship in the Dominican Republic in 1959.Hernández, Félix José (accessed 10-22-07) Fidel Castro: la Infancia de un Jefe, Consejo Militar Cubano Americano. "Franqui narra como después de la muerte de Camilo, su tropa fue enviada a 'liberar' a la República Dominicana, osea, a una muerte segura. Sus oficiales de la Sierra pasaron ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Merid Negussie
Major General Merid Negussie (, 21 January 1934 – 16 May 1989) was an Ethiopian military officer and member of the Derg regime who was the commander of Ethiopian forces in Eritrea during the Eritrean War of Independence. He was one of the leaders of the failed 1989 Ethiopian coup d'état attempt. Early life Merid Negussie was born on January 21, 1934, in the small village of Leku in the Sululta district of Shoa Province to a family of Oromo peasants. Merid attended elementary school in Waliso town and at Beyene Merid elementary in Addis Ababa. He continued his secondary school education in the capital where he attended Kokebe Tsibah Haile Selassie I school. Merid became a cadet at the Imperial bodyguard academy graduating in 1946 with the rank of Second lieutenant after three years of training. Upon graduation, the young officer married Woizero Aselefech Hailemariam. Career At the beginning of his military career, he served as a platoon commander in the imperial body ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
