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Erythrina Mulungu
''Erythrina mulungu'' (Mulungu) is a Brazilian ornamental tree and medicinal plant native to the ''cerrado'' and ''caatinga'' ecoregions in Brazil and Bolivia, South America. Description This tree reaches up to 15 meters in height. Seeds The red-orange seeds germinate in organo-sandy substrates covered with a layer between 0.5 – 2 cm of the same, being irrigated daily, emerging between 7 and 16 days having high germination rate. Breaking dormancy is not usually necessary. But when it is needed, it is performed through germinative treatments consisting of mechanical scarification of the area opposite to the hilum and immersion in water for 24 hours. The seeds are considered very toxic. Ingestion should be avoided and there is a danger of death. Herbal medicine Several Erythrina tree species are used by indigenous peoples in the Amazon as medicines, insecticides, and fish poisons. Tinctures and decoctions made from the leaves or barks of Mulungu are often used in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Friedrich Philipp Von Martius
Carl Friedrich Philipp (Karl Friedrich Philipp) von Martius (17 April 1794 – 13 December 1868) was a German botany, botanist and explorer. Between 1817 and 1820, he travelled 10,000 km through Brazil while collecting botanical specimens. His most important work was a comprehensive flora of Brazil, ''Flora Brasiliensis'', which he initiated in 1840 and was completed posthumously in 1906. Life Martius was born at Erlangen, the son of Prof Ernst Wilhelm Martius, court apothecary. He graduated PhD from University of Erlangen–Nuremberg, Erlangen University in 1814, publishing as his thesis a critical catalogue of plants in the university's botanical garden. After that he continued to devote himself to botanical study, and in 1817 he and Johann Baptist von Spix were sent to Brazil by Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria, Maximilian I Joseph, the king of Bavaria. They travelled from Rio de Janeiro through several of the southern and eastern provinces of Brazil and travelled up the Amazon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seed
In botany, a seed is a plant structure containing an embryo and stored nutrients in a protective coat called a ''testa''. More generally, the term "seed" means anything that can be Sowing, sown, which may include seed and husk or tuber. Seeds are the product of the ripened ovule, after the embryo sac is fertilization, fertilized by Pollen, sperm from pollen, forming a zygote. The embryo within a seed develops from the zygote and grows within the mother plant to a certain size before growth is halted. The formation of the seed is the defining part of the process of reproduction in seed plants (spermatophytes). Other plants such as ferns, mosses and marchantiophyta, liverworts, do not have seeds and use water-dependent means to propagate themselves. Seed plants now dominate biological Ecological niche, niches on land, from forests to grasslands both in hot and cold climates. In the flowering plants, the ovary ripens into a fruit which contains the seed and serves to disseminate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erythrina
''Erythrina'' is a genus of plants in the pea family, Fabaceae. It contains about 130 species, which are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. They are trees, with the larger species growing up to in height. These species are known for their large flowers with long and bright red or orange petals. Taxonomy The generic name is derived from the Greek word , meaning "red", referring to the flower color of certain species. Common names Particularly in horticulture, the name coral tree is used as a collective term for these plants. Flame tree is another vernacular name, but may refer to a number of unrelated plants as well. Many species of ''Erythrina'' have bright red flowers, and this may be the origin of the common name. However, the growth of the branches can resemble the shape of sea coral rather than the color of '' Corallium rubrum'' specifically, and this is an alternative source for the name. Other popular names, usually local and particular to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bark Isolates
Bark isolates are chemicals which have been extracted from bark. Prominent medical examples are salicylic acid (active metabolite of aspirin) and paclitaxel (Taxol). The pharmacology Pharmacology is the science of drugs and medications, including a substance's origin, composition, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, therapeutic use, and toxicology. More specifically, it is the study of the interactions that occur betwee ... of bark isolates is an ongoing topic of medical research. See also Notes {{Reflist Trees Pharmaceutical isolates ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Plants Of Cerrado Vegetation Of Brazil
This is a list of plants found in the wild in cerrado vegetation of Brazil. Acanthaceae * '' Anisacanthus'' '' trilobus'' Lindau * '' Dianthera angustifolia'' (Nees) Benth. & Hook.f. ex B.D.Jacks. * '' Dicliptera'' '' mucronifolia'' Nees * '' Dicliptera sericea'' Nees * '' Geissomeria'' '' ciliata'' Rizzini * '' Geissomeria dawsonii'' Leonard * '' Geissomeria longiflora'' Salzm. ex Nees (= ''Geissomeria macrophylla'' Nees) * '' Geissomeria schottiana'' Nees * '' Hygrophila'' '' costata'' Sinning * '' Justicia burchellii'' Hiern * '' Justicia chrysotrichoma'' Pohl ex ( Ness) * '' Justicia genistiformis'' Nees * '' Justicia irwinii'' Wassh. * '' Justicia lanstyakii'' Rizzini * '' Justicia nodicaulis'' Pohl ex Nees * '' Justicia phyllocalyx'' (Lindau) Wassh. & C.Ezcurra (= ''Sericographis macedoana'' Rizzini) * '' Justicia pycnophylla'' Lindau * '' Justicia riparia'' C.Kameyama (= ''Beloperone mollis'' Nees) * '' Justicia sarothroides'' Lindau * '' Justicia serr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Plants Of Caatinga Vegetation Of Brazil
This is a list of plants found in the wild in Caatinga vegetation of Brazil. Acanthaceae * ''Anisacanthus'' ''Anisacanthus brasiliensis, brasiliensis'' Gustav Lindau, Lindau * ''Anisacanthus trilobus'' Gustav Lindau, Lindau * ''Lophostachys'' ''Lophostachys floribunda, floribunda'' Helge Ness, Ness * ''Ruellia'' ''Ruellia asperula, asperula'' Benth. & Hook.f. * ''Ruellia geminiflora'' Carl Sigismund Kunth, Kunth Amaranthaceae * ''Alternanthera'' ''Alternanthera brasiliana, brasiliana'' (Carl Linnaeus, L.) Otto Kuntze, Kuntze * ''Alternanthera moquini'' (Philip Barker Webb, Webb ex Alfred Moquin-Tandon, Moq.) Dusen * ''Gomphrena'' ''Gomphrena reticulata, reticulata'' Seub. * ''Gomphrena prostrata'' Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius, Mart. * ''Iresine'' ''Iresine polymorpha, polymorpha'' Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius, Mart. Anacardiaceae * ''Myracrodruon'' ''Myracrodruon urundeuva, urundeuva'' M.Allemão * ''Schinopsis'' ''Schinopsis brasiliensis, brasiliensis'' Adolf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erythravine
Erythravine is a tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid found in the plant '' Erythrina mulungu'' and other species of the genus ''Erythrina.'' Biological activity Some laboratory research has investigated the biological activity of erythravine, but the relevance to effects in humans is unknown. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor It has been shown to be a potent nicotinic receptor antagonist in animal models with an IC50 of 6μM at the α7 site and 13 nM for the α4β2 receptor. Anxiolytic It appears to have anxiolytic effects in animal models of anxiety. Further studies suggest that the anxiolytic effects are only reproducible with the whole extract of '' Erythrina mulungu'' but not with the pure alkaloids. Anticonvulsant Erythravine inhibited seizures evoked by bicuculline, pentylenetetrazole, and kainic acid as well as increasing the latency of seizures induced by NMDA. Treatment with erythravine prevented death in all the animals tested with the four convulsant A co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alkaloid
Alkaloids are a broad class of natural product, naturally occurring organic compounds that contain at least one nitrogen atom. Some synthetic compounds of similar structure may also be termed alkaloids. Alkaloids are produced by a large variety of organisms including bacteria, fungus, fungi, Medicinal plant, plants, and animals. They can be purified from crude extracts of these organisms by acid-base extraction, or solvent extractions followed by silica-gel column chromatography. Alkaloids have a wide range of pharmacology, pharmacological activities including antimalarial medication, antimalarial (e.g. quinine), asthma, antiasthma (e.g. ephedrine), chemotherapy, anticancer (e.g. omacetaxine mepesuccinate, homoharringtonine), cholinomimetic (e.g. galantamine), vasodilation, vasodilatory (e.g. vincamine), Antiarrhythmic agent, antiarrhythmic (e.g. quinidine), analgesic (e.g. morphine), antibacterial (e.g. chelerythrine), and anti-diabetic, antihyperglycemic activities (e.g. berb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetrahydroisoquinoline
Tetrahydroisoquinoline (TIQ or THIQ), also known as AMPH-CR, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C9H11N. Classified as a secondary amine, it is derived from isoquinoline by hydrogenation. It is a colorless viscous liquid that is miscible with most organic solvents. The tetrahydroisoquinoline skeleton is encountered in a number of bioactive compounds and drugs. Pharmacology THIQ is a conformationally restrained (CR) or cyclized analogue of β-phenethylamine and amphetamine and is also known as AMPH-CR. In contrast to amphetamine however, THIQ fails to substitute for dextroamphetamine in rodent drug discrimination tests, suggesting that it lacks stimulant effects. Similar findings have been made for other tetrahydroisoquinoline analogues of psychoactive phenethylamines, for instance DOM-CR. In any case, THIQ does substitute for TDIQ (MDTIQ), a selective α2-adrenergic receptor ligand, indicating that it is not pharmacologically inactive. Reactions As a secon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Decoction
Decoction is a method of extraction by boiling herbal or plant material (which may include stems, roots, bark and rhizomes) to dissolve the chemicals of the material. It is the most common preparation method in various herbal medicine systems. Decoction involves first drying the plant material; then mashing, slicing, or cutting the material to allow for maximum dissolution; and finally boiling in water to extract oils, volatile organic compounds and other various chemical substances. Occasionally, aqueous ethanol or glycerol may be used instead of water. Decoction can be used to make tisanes, tinctures and similar solutions. Decoctions and infusions may produce liquids with differing chemical properties, as the temperature or preparation difference may result in more oil-soluble chemicals in decoctions versus infusions. The process can also be applied to meats and vegetables to prepare bouillon or stock, though the term is typically only used to describe boiled plant extracts, usu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tincture
A tincture is typically an extract of plant or animal material dissolved in ethanol (ethyl alcohol). Solvent concentrations of 25–60% are common, but may run as high as 90%.Groot Handboek Geneeskrachtige Planten by Geert Verhelst In chemistry, a tincture is a solution that has ethanol as its solvent. In herbal medicine, alcoholic tinctures are made with various ethanol concentrations, which should be at least 20% alcohol for preservation purposes. Other solvents for producing tinctures include vinegar, glycerol (also called glycerine), diethyl ether and propylene glycol, not all of which can be used for internal consumption. Ethanol has the advantage of being an excellent solvent for both acidic and basic (alkaline) constituents. A tincture using glycerine is called a glycerite. Glycerine is generally a poorer solvent than ethanol. Vinegar, being acidic, is a better solvent for obtaining alkaloids but a poorer solvent for acidic components. For individuals who choose not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
