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Erupinae
Erupinae is a subfamily of the lepidopteran family Crambidae. It was described by Eugene G. Munroe in 1995. Originally, Erupinae were described as a tribe in the subfamily Crambinae. Later, they were moved to Midilinae. A phylogenetic analysis of Crambidae moths found that '' Erupa'' does not form a monophyletic group with Midilinae, but is the sister group to either Crambinae or a monophylum of Heliothelinae and Scopariinae. Erupini were consequently removed from Midilinae and established as a separate subfamily. The subfamily currently comprises three genera: '' Erupa'' Walker, 1864 with 36 species, ''Lancia'' Walker, 1859 with the single species ''L. phrontisalis'' Walker, 1859, and '' Schoenerupa'' Hampson, 1919 with the species ''S. thermantis'' Hampson, 1919. Erupinae occur exclusively in the Neotropical realm. The foodplants of the caterpillars are unknown, but monocotyledon Monocotyledons (), commonly referred to as monocots, ( Lilianae '' sensu'' Chase & Reveal) are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crambidae
Crambidae comprises the grass moth family of lepidopterans. They are variable in appearance, with the nominal subfamily Crambinae (grass moths) taking up closely folded postures on grass stems where they are inconspicuous, while other subfamilies include brightly coloured and patterned insects that rest in wing-spread attitudes. In many classifications, the Crambidae have been treated as a subfamily of the Pyralidae or snout moths. The principal difference is a structure in the tympanal organs called the praecinctorium, which joins two tympanic membranes in the Crambidae, and is absent from the Pyralidae. The latest review by Munroe and Solis, in Kristensen (1999), retains the Crambidae as a full family. The family currently comprises 15 subfamilies with altogether 10,347 species in over 1,000 genera. Systematics *subfamilia incertae sedis **''Conotalis'' Hampson, 1919 **''Exsilirarcha'' Salmon & Bradley, 1956 *Subfamily Acentropinae Stephens, 1836 *Subfamily Crambinae Latre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genera
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. '' Panthera leo'' (lion) and '' Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus '' Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants of an ancestral taxon are grouped together (i.e. phylogenetic analysis should clearly demonstrate both monophyly and validity as a separate lineag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monophyly
In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria: # the grouping contains its own most recent common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population), i.e. excludes non-descendants of that common ancestor # the grouping contains all the descendants of that common ancestor, without exception Monophyly is contrasted with paraphyly and polyphyly as shown in the second diagram. A ''paraphyletic'' grouping meets 1. but not 2., thus consisting of the descendants of a common ancestor, excepting one or more monophyletic subgroups. A ''polyphyletic'' grouping meets neither criterion, and instead serves to characterize convergent relationships of biological features rather than genetic relationships – for example, night-active primates, fruit trees, or aquatic insects. As such, these characteristic features of a polyphyletic grouping are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monocotyledon
Monocotyledons (), commonly referred to as monocots, ( Lilianae '' sensu'' Chase & Reveal) are flowering plants whose seeds contain only one embryonic leaf, or cotyledon. A monocot taxon has been in use for several decades, but with various ranks and under several different names. The APG IV system recognises its monophyly but does not assign it to a taxonomic rank, and instead uses the term "monocots" to refer to the group. Monocotyledons are contrasted with the dicotyledons, which have two cotyledons. Unlike the monocots however, the dicots are not monophyletic and the two cotyledons are instead the ancestral characteristic of all flowering plants. Botanists now classify dicots into the eudicots ("true dicots") and several basal lineages from which the monocots emerged. The monocots are extremely important economically, culturally, and ecologically, and make up a majority of plant biomass used in agriculture. Common crops such as dates, onions, garlic, rice, wheat, maize, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caterpillar
Caterpillars ( ) are the larval stage of members of the order Lepidoptera (the insect order comprising butterflies and moths). As with most common names, the application of the word is arbitrary, since the larvae of sawflies (suborder Symphyta) are commonly called caterpillars as well. Both lepidopteran and symphytan larvae have eruciform body shapes. Caterpillars of most species eat plant material ( often leaves), but not all; some (about 1%) eat insects, and some are even cannibalistic. Some feed on other animal products. For example, clothes moths feed on wool, and horn moths feed on the hooves and horns of dead ungulates. Caterpillars are typically voracious feeders and many of them are among the most serious of agricultural pests. In fact, many moth species are best known in their caterpillar stages because of the damage they cause to fruits and other agricultural produce, whereas the moths are obscure and do no direct harm. Conversely, various species of ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neotropical Realm
The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropics, tropical Ecoregion#Terrestrial, terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate climate, temperate zone. Definition In biogeography, the Neotropic or Neotropical realm is one of the eight terrestrial realms. This realm includes South America, Central America, the Caribbean Islands, and southern North America. In Mexico, the Yucatán Peninsula and southern lowlands, and most of the east and west coastlines, including the southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula are Neotropical. In the United States southern Florida and coastal Central Florida are considered Neotropical. The realm also includes temperate southern South America. In contrast, the Neotropical Phytochorion, Floristic Kingdom excludes southernmost South America, which instead is placed in the Antarctic Floristic Kingdom, Antarctic kingdom. The Neo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scopariinae
Scopariinae is a subfamily of the lepidopteran family Crambidae. The subfamily was described by Achille Guenée in 1854. Genera *''Afrarpia'' Maes, 2004 *''Afroscoparia'' Nuss, 2003 *''Anarpia'' Chapman, 1912 *''Antiscopa'' Munroe, 1964 *''Caradjaina'' Leraut, 1986 *''Cholius'' Guenée, 1845 *''Cosipara'' Munroe, 1972 *''Dasyscopa'' Meyrick, 1894 *''Davana'' Walker, 1859 *''Dipleurinodes'' Leraut, 1989 *''Elusia'' Schaus, 1940 *''Eudipleurina'' Leraut, 1989 *''Eudonia'' Billberg, 1820 (= ''Boiea'' Zetterstedt, 1839, ''Borea'' Stephens, 1852, ''Dipleurina'' Chapman, 1912, ''Dipluerina'' Sharp, 1913, ''Malageudonia'' Leraut, 1989, ''Vietteina'' Leraut, 1989, ''Witlesia'' Chapman, 1912, ''Wittlesia'' Chapman, 1912) *''Gesneria (moth), Gesneria'' Hübner, 1825 (= ''Scoparona'' Chapman, 1912) *''Gibeauxia'' Leraut, 1988 *''Helenoscoparia'' Nuss, 1999 *''Hoenia'' Leraut, 1986 *''Iranarpia'' Leraut, 1982 *''Micraglossa'' Warren, 1891 (= ''Microglossa'' Hampson, 1907) *''Notocrambus'' Tur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heliothelinae
Heliothelinae is a subfamily of the lepidopteran family Crambidae Crambidae comprises the grass moth family of lepidopterans. They are variable in appearance, with the nominal subfamily Crambinae (grass moths) taking up closely folded postures on grass stems where they are inconspicuous, while other subfamilies .... It was described by Hans Georg Amsel in 1961. Genera *'' Eclipsiodes'' Meyrick, 1884 *'' Heliothela'' Guenée, 1854 (= ''Nyctarcha'' Meyrick, 1884, ''Orosana'' Walker, 1863) *'' Phanomorpha'' Turner, 1937 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q1370509 Crambidae Taxa named by Hans Georg Amsel Moth subfamilies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sister Group
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and taxon B are sister groups to each other. Taxa A and B, together with any other extant or extinct descendants of their most recent common ancestor (MRCA), form a monophyletic group, the clade AB. Clade AB and taxon C are also sister groups. Taxa A, B, and C, together with all other descendants of their MRCA form the clade ABC. The whole clade ABC is itself a subtree of a larger tree which offers yet more sister group relationships, both among the leaves and among larger, more deeply rooted clades. The tree structure shown connects through its root to the rest of the universal tree of life. In cladistic standards, taxa A, B, and C may represent specimens, species, genera, or any other taxonomic units. If A and B are at the same taxono ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crambinae
Crambinae is a large subfamily of the lepidopteran family Crambidae, the crambid snout moths. It currently includes over 1,800 species worldwide. The larvae are root feeders or stem borers, mostly on grasses. A few species are pests of sod grasses, maize, sugar cane, rice, and other Poaceae. The monophyly of this group is supported by the structure of the tympanal organs and the phallus attached medially to the juxta, as well as genetic analyses. Taxonomy (biology), Taxonomists' opinions differ as to the correct placement of the Crambidae, some authorities treating them as a subfamily of the family Pyralidae. If this is done, the present group would be demoted to tribe (biology), tribe status, as Crambini. Crambinae taxonomy *tribe ''incertae sedis'' **''Anaclastis'' Turner, 1904 **''Aphrophantis'' Meyrick, 1933 **''Argentochiloides'' Błeszyński, 1961 (= ''Argentochilo'' Błeszyński & Collins, 1962) **''Australargyria'' Błeszyński, 1970 **''Autarotis'' Meyrick, 1886 (= ''Pog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Midilinae
Midilinae is a subfamily of the lepidopteran family Crambidae. It was described by Eugene G. Munroe in 1958. The 11 genera altogether comprise 59 species, with the majority of them occurring in the Neotropical realm The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropics, tropical Ecoregion#Terrestrial, terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperat ..., whereas the species of the genera '' Dolichobela'' and '' Styphlolepis'' are found in Australia. Genera The following genera are classified in the subfamily Midilinae: *'' Cacographis'' Lederer, 1863 (= ''Zazanisa'' Walker, 1865) *'' Dismidila'' Dyar, 1914 *'' Dolichobela'' Turner, 1932 *'' Eupastranaia'' Becker, 1973 (= ''Pastranaia'' Munroe, 1970) *'' Gonothyris'' Hampson, 1896 *'' Hositea'' Dyar, 1910 *'' Midila'' Walker, 1859 (= ''Singamia'' Möschler, 1882, ''Tetraphana'' Ragonot, 1891) *'' Odilla'' Schaus, 1940 * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erupa
''Erupa'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae Crambidae comprises the grass moth family of lepidopterans. They are variable in appearance, with the nominal subfamily Crambinae (grass moths) taking up closely folded postures on grass stems where they are inconspicuous, while other subfamilies .... Species *'' Erupa adiposalis'' (Dognin, 1912) *'' Erupa argentescens'' Hampson, 1896 *'' Erupa argentilinea'' Druce, 1910 *'' Erupa argyrosticta'' (Hampson, 1919) *'' Erupa bilineatella'' (Walker, 1866) *'' Erupa chiloides'' Walker, 1864 *'' Erupa chilopsisina'' Schaus, 1922 *'' Erupa cluaca'' Druce, 1900 *'' Erupa congruella'' (Walker, 1866) *'' Erupa digrammica'' Hampson, 1919 *'' Erupa discordella'' Schaus, 1913 *'' Erupa eambardella'' (Schaus, 1922) *'' Erupa gigantea'' Druce, 1900 *'' Erupa gyges'' Druce, 1900 *'' Erupa herstanellus'' (Schaus, 1922) *'' Erupa huarmellus'' Schaus, 1922 *'' Erupa impunctella'' Schaus, 1922 *'' Erupa invidella'' Schaus, 1913 *'' Erupa lacteali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
