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Erasmus
Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus ( ; ; 28 October c. 1466 – 12 July 1536), commonly known in English as Erasmus of Rotterdam or simply Erasmus, was a Dutch Christian humanist, Catholic priest and Catholic theology, theologian, educationalist, Menippean satire, satirist, and philosopher. Through his Works of Erasmus, works, he is considered one of the most influential thinkers of the Northern Renaissance and one of the major figures of Dutch and Western culture. Erasmus was an important figure in classical scholarship who wrote in a spontaneous, copious and natural Latin style. As a Catholic priest developing Philology, humanist techniques for working on texts, he prepared pioneering new Vulgate, Latin and Biblical Greek, Greek scholarly editions of the Novum Instrumentum omne, New Testament and of the Church Fathers, with annotations and commentary that were immediately and vitally influential in both the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Reformation. He also wrote ''De ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Novum Instrumentum Omne
''Novum Instrumentum Omne'', later titled ''Novum Testamentum Omne'', was a series of bilingual Latin-Greek New Testaments with substantial scholarly annotations, and the first printed New Testament of the Greek to be published. They were prepared by Desiderius Erasmus (1466–1536) in consultation with leading scholars, and printed by Johann Froben (1460–1527) of Basel. An estimate of up to 300,000 copies were printed in Erasmus' lifetime. They were the basis for the majority of ''Textus Receptus'' translations of the New Testament in the 16th–19th centuries, including those of Martin Luther, William Tyndale and the King James Version. Contemporary efforts Giannozzo Manetti translated the New Testament from the Greek, and the Psalms from the Hebrew, at the court of Pope Nicholas V, around 1455. The manuscripts still exist, but Manetti's version was not printed until 2014. Greek fragments began to be printed as Greek fonts were cut: the Aldine Press published th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
De Libero Arbitrio Diatribe Sive Collatio
' (literally ''Of free will: Discourses or Comparisons'') is the Latin title of a polemical work written by Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam in 1524. It is commonly called ''The Freedom of the Will'' or ''On Free Will'' in English. It was written to call out Martin Luther's revival of John Wycliffe's teaching that "everything happens by absolute necessity". Erasmus' civil but deliberately provocative book mixes evangelical concerns that God has revealed himself as merciful not arbitrary ("nobody should despair of forgiveness by a God who is by nature most merciful" I.5.) and the conclusion in the ''Epilogue'' that where there are scriptures both in favour and against, theologians should moderate their opinions or hold them moderately: dogma is created by the church not theologians. In his view, a gently-held synergism mediates the scriptural passages best, and moderates the exaggerations of both Pelagius (humans meriting or not requiring grace for salvation) and Manichaeus (tw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Education Of A Christian Prince
''The Education of a Christian Prince'' () is a Renaissance mirror for princes, by Desiderius Erasmus, which advises the reader on how to be a good Christian prince. The book was dedicated to Prince Charles, who later became Habsburg Emperor Charles V. Erasmus stated that teachers should be of gentle disposition and have unimpeachable morals. A good education included all the liberal arts. Like the Roman educator Quintilian, Erasmus was against corporal punishment for unruly students. He stressed the student must be treated as an individual. Erasmus attempted throughout the work to reconcile the writers of antiquity with the Christian ethics of his time. The text was written in part to secure Erasmus a position as Prince Charles' tutor. He was appointed a tutor to Charles' brother, Ferdinand (later H.R.E. Ferdinand I), and became an honorary counselor of H.R.E. Charles V. Other works Erasmus wrote the book in 1516, the same year that Thomas More finished his ''Utopia'' an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Praise Of Folly
''In Praise of Folly'', also translated as ''The Praise of Folly'' ( or ), is an essay written in Latin in 1509 by Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam and first printed in June 1511. Inspired by previous works of the Italian humanist ''De Triumpho Stultitiae'', it is a spiralling satirical attack on all aspects of human life, not ignoring superstitions and religious corruption, but with a pivot into an orthodox religious purpose. Erasmus revised and extended his work, which was originally written in the span of a week while sojourning with Sir Thomas More at More's house in Bucklersbury in the City of London. The title ''Moriae Encomium'' had a punning second meaning as ''In Praise of More'' (in Greek ''moría'' translates into "''folly''"). ''In Praise of Folly'' is considered one of the most notable works of the Renaissance and played an important role in the beginnings of the Protestant Reformation. "Although Erasmus himself would have denied it vehemently, later reformers found ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rotterdam
Rotterdam ( , ; ; ) is the second-largest List of cities in the Netherlands by province, city in the Netherlands after the national capital of Amsterdam. It is in the Provinces of the Netherlands, province of South Holland, part of the North Sea mouth of the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta, via the Nieuwe Maas, New Meuse inland shipping channel, dug to connect to the Meuse at first and now to the Rhine. Rotterdam's history goes back to 1270, when a dam was constructed in the Rotte (river), Rotte. In 1340, Rotterdam was granted city rights by William II, Count of Hainaut, William IV, Count of Holland. The Rotterdam–The Hague metropolitan area, with a population of approximately 2.7 million, is the List of urban areas in the European Union, 10th-largest in the European Union and the most populous in the country. A major logistic and economic centre, Rotterdam is Port of Rotterdam, Europe's largest seaport. In 2022, Rotterdam had a population of 655,468 and is home to over 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Julius Excluded From Heaven
''Julius Excluded from Heaven'' (, ''IE'') is a dialogue that was written in 1514, commonly attributed to the Dutch humanist and theologian Desiderius Erasmus. It involves Pope Julius II, who died a year earlier, trying to persuade Saint Peter to allow him to enter Heaven by using the same tactics he applied when alive. The dialogue is also supplemented by a "Genius" (his guardian angel) who makes wry comments about the pope and his deeds. Plot The dialogue begins with a drunken Pope Julius II trying to open the gate of heaven with the key to his secret money-chest. He is accompanied by his Genius, his guardian angel. Behind him are the soldiers who died in his military campaigns, whom he promised would go to heaven regardless of their deeds. Peter denies him passage, even when Julius threatens him with his army and papal bulls of excommunication Excommunication is an institutional act of religious censure used to deprive, suspend, or limit membership in a religious co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Handbook Of A Christian Knight
The ''Handbook of the Christian Knight'' (), sometimes translated as ''The Manual of the Christian Knight'' or ''The Handbook of the Christian Soldier'' or just the Enchiridion, is a work written by Dutch scholar Erasmus, Erasmus of Rotterdam in 1501. It was first published in English in 1533 in a translation by William Tyndale; in 1545 Miles Coverdale published an abridged translation. During a stay in Tournehem-sur-la-Hem, Tournehem, a castle near Saint-Omer in the north of modern-day France, Erasmus encountered an uncivilized, yet friendly soldier who was an acquaintance of Jacob Batt, Erasmus' close friend. On the request of the soldier's pious wife, who felt slighted by her husband's behaviour, Battus asked Erasmus to write a text which would convince the soldier of the necessity of mending his ways, which Erasmus did. The resulting work was eventually re-drafted by Erasmus and expanded into the ''Enchiridion militis Christiani''. The ''Enchiridion'' is an appeal on Christian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basel
Basel ( ; ), also known as Basle ( ), ; ; ; . is a city in northwestern Switzerland on the river Rhine (at the transition from the High Rhine, High to the Upper Rhine). Basel is Switzerland's List of cities in Switzerland, third-most-populous city (after Zurich and Geneva), with 177,595 inhabitants within the city municipality limits. The official language of Basel is Swiss Standard German and the main spoken language is the local Basel German dialect. Basel is commonly considered to be the cultural capital of Switzerland and the city is famous for its many Museums in Basel, museums, including the Kunstmuseum Basel, Kunstmuseum, which is the first collection of art accessible to the public in the world (1661) and the largest museum of Swiss art, art in Switzerland, the Fondation Beyeler (located in Riehen), the Museum Tinguely and the Museum of Contemporary Art (Basel), Museum of Contemporary Art, which is the first public museum of contemporary art in Europe. Forty museums ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collège De Montaigu
The Collège de Montaigu was one of the constituent colleges of the Faculty of Arts of the University of Paris. History The college, originally called Collège des Aicelins, was founded in 1314 by Gilles I Aycelin de Montaigu, Archbishop of Narbonne and Archbishop of Rouen. It changed its name after it had been restored in 1388 by his relative Pierre Aycelin de Montaigut, Bishop of Nevers and Laon. In 1483, Jan Standonck became Master of the College and made it prosper. Under his leadership and that of his disciple Noël Béda, Montaigu was one of the leading theological colleges of Paris. Students at the college included Erasmus of Rotterdam, John Calvin, and Ignatius of Loyola (before moving to Collège de Sainte-Barbe). Other notable students were the influential Portuguese teacher and diplomat Diogo de Gouveia. At least four Scots also attended: philosopher John Mair (who went on to teach theology there), historian Hector Boece, royal advocate Patrick Paniter and Ref ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ad Fontes
''Ad fontes'' is a Latin expression which means " ackto the sources" (lit. "to the sources"). The phrase epitomizes the renewed study of Greek and Latin classics in Renaissance humanism, subsequently extended to Biblical texts. The idea in both cases was that sound knowledge depends on the earliest and most fundamental sources. History The phrase ''ad fontes'' occurs in Psalm 42 of the Latin Vulgate: The phrase in the humanist sense is associated with the poet Petrarch, whose poems '' Rerum Vulgarium Fragmenta'' (c. 1350) use the deer imagery of the Psalm. Erasmus of Rotterdam used the phrase in his ''De ratione studii ac legendi interpretandique auctores'':"On the method of study and reading and interpreting authors." Erasmus von Rotterdam: De ratione studii ac legendi interpretandique auctores, Paris 1511, in: Desiderii Erasmi Roterodami Opera omnia, ed. J. H. Waszink u. a., Amsterdam 1971, Vol. I 2, 79–151. For Erasmus, ''ad fontes'' meant that to understand C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
On Civility In Children
''On Civility in Children'' () is a handbook written by Erasmus of Rotterdam, and is considered to be the first treatise in Western Europe on the moral and practical education of children. First published in 1530, it was addressed to the eleven-year-old Henry of Burgundy, son of Adolph, Prince of Veere, and gives instructions, in simple Latin, on how a boy should conduct himself in the company of adults. The book achieved immediate success and was translated into many languages. The first English version, by Robert Whittinton (or Whittington) was published in 1532, under the title of ''A Little Book of Good Manners for Children''. Another translation by Thomas Paynell was issued in 1560. The book is divided into seventeen sections, each dealing with an aspect of behaviour. Norbert Elias refers to this book in his most influential work, ''The Civilizing Process'', claiming that Erasmus' specific use of the French term reshaped its meaning, laying the groundwork for the late ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Queens' College, Cambridge
Queens' College is a Colleges of the University of Cambridge, constituent college of the University of Cambridge. Queens' is one of the 16 "old colleges" of the university, and was founded in 1448 by Margaret of Anjou. Its buildings span the River Cam with the Mathematical Bridge and Silver Street connecting the two sides. College alumni include Desiderius Erasmus, who studied at the college during his trips to England between 1506 and 1515. Other notable alumni include author T. H. White, Israeli politician Abba Eban, founding father of Ghana William Ofori Atta, newsreader and journalist Emily Maitlis, actor and writer Stephen Fry, the Governor of the Bank of England Andrew Bailey (banker), Andrew Bailey, the British Member of Parliament (United Kingdom), members of Parliament Stephen Kinnock, Liz Kendall and Suella Braverman, and Fields Medallist James Maynard (mathematician), James Maynard. The college's first Nobel Prize winner is Demis Hassabis, Sir Demis Hassabis who rece ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
