Plot
The dialogue begins with a drunken Pope Julius II trying to open the gate of heaven with the key to his secret money-chest. He is accompanied by his Genius, his guardian angel. Behind him are the soldiers who died in his military campaigns, whom he promised would go to heaven regardless of their deeds. Peter denies him passage, even when Julius threatens him with his army and papal bulls ofAuthorship
Erasmus is usually credited as the author of the dialogue. Another suggested author is Richard Pace. It is assumed that a first draft of the ''IE'' was provided to Thomas Lupset by Erasmus in summer 1514.Seidel Menchi, S., ed. (2019), p.58 Lupset then left for Rome with the ''IE'', where Ulrich von Hutten got hold of the ''IE'' and copied it. In a letter of 1519, Erasmus admitted to Cardinal Lorenzo Campeggio that he was in possession of the ''IE'' five years ago, which would mean at the time of the earliest knowledge of it.Seidel Menchi, S., ed. (2019), p.35 He sometimes implied that he did not write it, but modern scholarship generally overrides this with internal evidence, lack of a credible alternative author when the copies of Bonifacius Amerbach of 1516 and one of von Hutten are examined against each other. Thomas More writes in a letter on 15 December 1516 that he has gotten hold of a copy of the dialogue in Erasmus' handwriting, and asks Erasmus what to do with it. R. W. Chambers (1935), ''Thomas More'', 1938 reprint, London: Jonathan Cape, The Bedford Historical Series, Ch. 2, "An Under-Sheriff Seeks Utopia", §4, "The Fortunate Isles Hear the Julian Trumpet", p. 115; Erasmus, ''Opus Epistolarum Des. Erasmi Roterodami'', edd., P. S. and H. M. Allen, Vol. 2, Letter 502. It is thought that Erasmus made evasive comments to avoid losing allies and to avoid retribution from his enemies and the Inquisition. A more logical conclusion, however, is that he denied authorship because it would be equated to a slap in the face to his patron Pope Leo X, who legitimized Erasmus's birth by means of papal dispensation in 1517. Still, the dialogue was very popular and was reprinted many times in pamphlets. It was praised by Martin Luther to be "so learned, and so ingenious, that is, so entirely Erasmian, that it makes the reader laugh at the vices of the church, over which every true Christian ought rather to groan." It is very apparent, however, that Erasmus highly disliked Julius II because he felt he did not embody the characteristics of a vicar of Christ. He was shocked by Julius II's personal leadership of armies in full armour and what he felt was the work of a worldly, unscrupulous and ambitious man. These thoughts were clearly implied in his more famous satirical work, '' The Praise of Folly''. A fierce spat over its authorship arose when Ulrich von Hutten, one of the promoters of Erasmus' authorship, visited Basel in winter 1523 and Erasmus refused to receive him for six weeks. He appealed to the conscience of his former friend, but to no avail.Seidel Menchi, S., ed. (2019), pp.51–52Editions
Ulrich von Hutten is described as one of the main promoters of Erasmus authorship and also to be responsible for the print of its first edition in 1517. According to Helmut Claus, Peter Schöffer the Youngers printshop was the location of its print, but Schöffer omitted both his name and the printshops location.References
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