|
Eobrachyopidae
Dvinosaurs are one of several new clades of temnospondyls named in the cladistics, phylogenetic review of the group by Yates and Warren 2000. They represent a group of primitive semi-aquatic to completely aquatic temnospondyls, and are known from the Late Carboniferous to the Early Triassic, being most common in the Permian period. Their distinguishing apomorphy, characteristics are a reduction of the otic notch; the loss of a flange on the rear side of the Pterygoid bone, pterygoid; and 28 or more presacral vertebrae. Trimerorhachidae is the most basal (phylogenetics), basal family of dvinosaurs. Most other dvinosaurs are placed in the superfamily Dvinosauroidea. Within Dvinosauroidea are two families, Eobrachyopidae and Tupilakosauridae, as well as dvinosaurs that cannot be placed in either family, such as ''Dvinosaurus'' and ''Kourerpeton''. A 2008 phylogenetic analysis found Eobrachyopidae to be paraphyletic, representing a grade of basal dvinosauroids. Below is a cladogram s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dvinosaurus
''Dvinosaurus'' is an extinct genus of amphibious Temnospondyli, temnospondyls localized to regions of western and central Russia during the Middle Permian, middle and late Permian, approximately 265-254 million years ago. Its discovery was first noted in 1921 by Russian paleontologist Vladimir Prokhorovich Amalitskii in a posthumously published paper that documents the findings of a site in Russia's Arkhangelsk Oblast, Arkhangelsk District. Its name is derived from the proximity of this site to the Northern Dvina River. ''Dvinosaurus'' is thought to have been a gill-breathing, fully-aquatic tetrapod, characterized by a large, triangular head, short limbs, and a long powerful tail. A typical individual could grow to be approximately 40 in (100 cm) in length. Within this genus, the number of documented species has varied over the years since its discovery. Prior to his untimely death, Amalitskii described three species, ''Dvinosaurus primus, Dvinosaurus secundus,'' and ''Dvinosaur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Temnospondyl
Temnospondyli (from Greek language, Greek τέμνειν, ''temnein'' 'to cut' and σπόνδυλος, ''spondylos'' 'vertebra') or temnospondyls is a diverse ancient order (biology), order of small to giant tetrapods—often considered Labyrinthodontia, primitive amphibians—that flourished worldwide during the Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic periods, with fossils being found on every continent. A few species continued into the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous periods, but all had gone extinct by the Late Cretaceous. During about 210 million years of evolutionary history, they adapted to a wide range of habitats, including freshwater, terrestrial, and even coastal marine environments. Their life history is well understood, with fossils known from the larval stage, metamorphosis and maturity. Most temnospondyls were semiaquatic, although some were almost fully terrestrial, returning to the water only to breed. These temnospondyls were some of the first vertebrates fully adapted t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acroplous
''Acroplous'' is an extinct genus of dvinosaurian Temnospondyli within the family Eobrachyopidae. History of study ''Acroplous'' was described by Nicholas Hotton in 1959 for the type species, ''A. vorax''. The type locality is in Riley County, Kansas within the Speiser Shale (early Permian). The original description only described the holotype (KUVP 9822), a partially disarticulated skull with isolated, associated postcrania. The genus name comes from the Greek word for 'swimming at the top,' based on Hotton's inference of the animal as being a surface cruising animal. The species name comes from the inferred voracity of the taxon. Hotton suggested that some material from the Dunkard Group of Pennsylvania that had been previously described by Romer (1952) as Saurerpeton obtusum''' might represent an Appalachian occurrence of ''Acroplous''. However, this material is not considered to belong to either ''Acroplous'' or to '' Isodectes'', the senior synonym of ''Saurerpeton,'' and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isodectes
''Isodectes'' is an extinct genus of dvinosaurian temnospondyl within the family Eobrachyopidae. The genus ''Saurerpeton'', named in 1909, is considered to be a junior synonym In taxonomy, the scientific classification of living organisms, a synonym is an alternative scientific name for the accepted scientific name of a taxon. The botanical and zoological codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. ... of ''Isodectes''. References Dvinosauria Cisuralian temnospondyls of North America Permian geology of Texas Fossil taxa described in 1896 Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope {{temnospondyli-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erpetosaurus
''Erpetosaurus'' is an extinct genus of dvinosaurian temnospondyl within the family Eobrachyopidae. Erpetosaurus is only known from the Upper Freeport Coal, Allegheny Group, Middle Pennsylvanian of Linton, Ohio, USA. Some unique features of the temnospondyls are that they have a single fang on each premaxilla on the anterior maxilla for the reception of two dentary fangs; and an elongate, tube-like backside extension of the parasphenoid, both hinting to an aquatic hunting lifestyle. See also * Prehistoric amphibian * List of prehistoric amphibians This list of prehistoric amphibians is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera from the fossil record that have ever been considered to be amphibians, excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted gen ... References Sources # https://www.palass.org/publications/special-papers-palaeontology/archive/86/article_pp57-73 # https://kb.osu.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/1811/23240/V088N1_055 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Carboniferous
Late or LATE may refer to: Everyday usage * Tardy, or late, not being on time * Late (or the late) may refer to a person who is dead Music * Late (The 77s album), ''Late'' (The 77s album), 2000 * Late (Alvin Batiste album), 1993 * Late!, a pseudonym used by Dave Grohl on his ''Pocketwatch (album), Pocketwatch'' album * Late (rapper), an underground rapper from Wolverhampton * "Late", a song by Kanye West from ''Late Registration'' Other uses * Late (Tonga), an uninhabited volcanic island southwest of Vavau in the kingdom of Tonga * Late (The Handmaid's Tale), "Late" (''The Handmaid's Tale''), a television episode * LaTe, Laivateollisuus, Oy Laivateollisuus Ab, a defunct shipbuilding company * Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy, a proposed form of dementia * Local-authority trading enterprise, a New Zealand business law * Local average treatment effect, a concept in econometrics * Late, a synonym for ''cooler'' in Stellar classification#"Early" and "late" nomencla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basal (phylogenetics)
In phylogenetics, basal is the direction of the ''base'' (or root) of a phylogenetic tree#Rooted tree, rooted phylogenetic tree or cladogram. The term may be more strictly applied only to nodes adjacent to the root, or more loosely applied to nodes regarded as being close to the root. Note that extant taxa that lie on branches connecting directly to the root are not more closely related to the root than any other extant taxa. While there must always be two or more equally "basal" clades sprouting from the root of every cladogram, those clades may differ widely in taxonomic rank, Phylogenetic diversity, species diversity, or both. If ''C'' is a basal clade within ''D'' that has the lowest rank of all basal clades within ''D'', ''C'' may be described as ''the'' basal taxon of that rank within ''D''. The concept of a 'key innovation' implies some degree of correlation between evolutionary innovation and cladogenesis, diversification. However, such a correlation does not make a given ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraphyletic
Paraphyly is a taxonomic term describing a grouping that consists of the grouping's last common ancestor and some but not all of its descendant lineages. The grouping is said to be paraphyletic ''with respect to'' the excluded subgroups. In contrast, a monophyletic grouping (a clade) includes a common ancestor and ''all'' of its descendants. The terms are commonly used in phylogenetics (a subfield of biology) and in the tree model of historical linguistics. Paraphyletic groups are identified by a combination of synapomorphies and symplesiomorphies. If many subgroups are missing from the named group, it is said to be polyparaphyletic. The term received currency during the debates of the 1960s and 1970s accompanying the rise of cladistics, having been coined by zoologist Willi Hennig to apply to well-known taxa like Reptilia (reptiles), which is paraphyletic with respect to birds. Reptilia contains the last common ancestor of reptiles and all descendants of that ancestor exc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladogram
A cladogram (from Greek language, Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an Phylogenetic tree, evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to descendants, nor does it show how much they have changed, so many differing evolutionary trees can be consistent with the same cladogram. A cladogram uses lines that branch off in different directions ending at a clade, a group of organisms with a last common ancestor. There are many shapes of cladograms but they all have lines that branch off from other lines. The lines can be traced back to where they branch off. These branching off points represent a hypothetical ancestor (not an actual entity) which can be inferred to exhibit the traits shared among the terminal taxa above it. This hypothetical ancestor might then provide clues about the order of evolution of various features, adaptation, and other e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trimerorhachis
''Trimerorhachis'' is an extinct genus of dvinosaurian temnospondyl within the family (biology), family Trimerorhachidae. It is known from the Early Permian of the southwestern United States, with most fossil specimens having been found in the Red Beds of Texas and Oklahoma, Texas Red Beds. The type species of ''Trimerorhachis'', ''T. insignis'', was named by American paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope in 1878. Cope named a second species from Texas, ''T. mesops'', in 1896. The species ''T. rogersi'' (named in 1955) and ''T. greggi'' (named in 2013) are also from Texas, and the species ''T. sandovalensis'' (named in 1980) is from New Mexico. Description Largest specimens of ''Trimerorhachis'' reached a length of about 1.5 meters (5 ft), although most have been no more than 1.2 meters (4 ft) in length. ''Trimerorhachis'' has a large triangular head with upward-facing eyes positioned near the front of the skull. The trunk is long and the limbs are relatively short. The presence o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neldasaurus
''Neldasaurus'' is an extinct genus of dvinosaurian temnospondyl within the family Trimerorhachidae Trimerorhachidae is a family of dvinosaurian temnospondyls, including ''Lafonius'', ''Trimerorhachis'', ''Procuhy'' and ''Neldasaurus''. They were semiaquatic carnivores that lived from the Pennsylvanian (geology), Late Carboniferous to the Earl .... References Dvinosauria Cisuralian temnospondyls of North America Permian geology of Texas Fossil taxa described in 1965 {{temnospondyli-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
