|
Endoptychum Depressum
''Endoptychum'' is a genus of secotioid fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Like the majority of secotioid taxa, the individual species of ''Endoptychum'' are thought to be recent mutations from agaricoid species, hence, ''Endoptychum'' is likely not a valid monophyletic genus. So far, molecular phylogeny and morphology (biology), morphological study has revealed that ''Endoptychum depressum, E. depressum'' is a species of ''Agaricus'' and ''Endoptychum agaricoides, E. agaricoides'', the type species, is a species of ''Chlorophyllum''. ''E. depressum'' has been renamed ''Agaricus inapertus'' Vellinga.columellata within Agaricus, A., Phylogenetic placement of the secotioid fungus. Recognition of the name ''Chlorophyllum agaricoides'' (Czern.) Vellinga would entail deprecation of the entire genus name ''Endoptychum'' in favor of ''Chlorophyllum'' and awaits a formal decision of the International Botanical Congress. See also *List of Agaricaceae genera *List of Agarica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungi
A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one of the kingdom (biology)#Six kingdoms (1998), traditional eukaryotic kingdoms, along with Animalia, Plantae, and either Protista or Protozoa and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of motility, mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morphology (biology)
Morphology (from Ancient Greek μορφή (morphḗ) "form", and λόγος (lógos) "word, study, research") is the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features. This includes aspects of the outward appearance (shape, structure, color, pattern, size), as well as the form and structure of internal parts like bones and organs, i.e., anatomy. This is in contrast to physiology, which deals primarily with function. Morphology is a branch of life science dealing with the study of the overall structure of an organism or taxon and its component parts. History The etymology of the word "morphology" is from the Ancient Greek (), meaning "form", and (), meaning "word, study, research". While the concept of form in biology, opposed to function, dates back to Aristotle (see Aristotle's biology), the field of morphology was developed by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1790) and independently by the German anatomist and physiologist Karl Fried ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agaricales Genera
The Agaricales are an order of fungi in the division Basidiomycota. As originally conceived, the order contained all the agarics (gilled mushrooms), but subsequent research has shown that not all agarics are closely related and some belong in other orders, such as the Russulales and Boletales. Conversely, DNA research has also shown that many non-agarics, including some of the clavarioid fungi (clubs and corals) and gasteroid fungi (puffballs and false truffles) belong within the Agaricales. The order has 46 extant families, more than 400 genera, and over 25,000 described species, along with six extinct genera known only from the fossil record. Species in the Agaricales range from the familiar ''Agaricus bisporus'' (cultivated mushroom) and the deadly '' Amanita virosa'' (destroying angel) to the coral-like ''Clavaria zollingeri'' (violet coral) and bracket-like ''Fistulina hepatica'' (beefsteak fungus). History, classification and phylogeny In his three volumes of ''Systema M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secotioid Fungi
Secotioid fungi produce an intermediate fruiting body form that is between the mushroom-like hymenomycetes and the closed bag-shaped gasteromycetes, where an evolutionary process of gasteromycetation has started but not run to completion. Secotioid fungi may or may not have opening caps, but in any case they often lack the vertical geotropic orientation of the hymenophore needed to allow the spores to be dispersed by wind, and the basidiospores are not forcibly discharged or otherwise prevented from being dispersed (e.g. gills completely inclosed and never exposed as in the secotioid form of ''Lentinus tigrinus'')—note—some mycologists do not consider a species to be secotioid unless it has lost ballistospory. Explanation of secotioid development and gasteromycetation Historically agarics and boletes (which bear their spores on a hymenium of gills or tubes respectively) were classified quite separately from the gasteroid fungi, such as puff-balls and truffles, of which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Agaricales Genera
This is a list of fungal genus, genera in the order (biology), order Agaricales. The list follows Kalichman, Kirk & Matheny (2020), with more recent additions and amendments, as noted. The number of species in each family is taken from Catalogue of Life (2023) and is subject to change as new research is published. Many genera are not as yet assigned to a family and are listed under "incertae sedis". Genera * See also *List of Agaricales families References Notes References {{reflist, 2, refs= {{cite journal , last=Agerer , first=R. , year=1983 , title=Beitrag zur Flora cyphelloider Pilze aus der Neotropis V. Zwei neue Gattungen: ''Metulocyphella'' und ''Incrustocalyptella'' , journal=Zeitschrift für Mykologie , volume=49 , issue=2 , pages=155–164 , language=de , trans-title=Contribution to neotropical cyphelloid fungi V. Two new genera: ''Metulocyphella'' and ''Incrustocalyptella'' {{cite journal , last=Agerer , first=R. , year=1983 , title=Typusstudien an cyphelloiden Pil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Agaricaceae Genera
This is a list of genus, genera in the mushroom-forming fungus family Agaricaceae. Genera See also * List of Agaricales families * List of Agaricales genera References ;Notes ;References Cited texts *{{cite book , vauthors=Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA , title=Dictionary of the Fungi , edition=10th , publisher=CABI , location=Wallingford, UK , year=2008 , isbn=978-0-85199-826-8 Agaricaceae, * Agaricales genera, * Lists of fungi genera (alphabetic), Agaricaceae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Botanical Congress
International Botanical Congress (IBC) is an international meeting of Botany, botanists in all scientific fields, authorized by the International Association of Botanical and Mycological Societies (IABMS) and held every six years, with the location rotating between different continents. The current numbering system for the congresses starts from the year 1900; the XX IBC was in Madrid, Spain, July 2024. The XXI IBC is planned to be in Cape Town, South Africa, in July 2029. The IBC has the power to alter the ICN (International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants), which was renamed from the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) at the XVIII IBC. Formally the power resides with the Plenary Session; in practice this approves the decisions of the Nomenclature Section. The Nomenclature Section meets before the actual Congress and deals with all proposals to modify the Code: this includes ratifying recommendations from sub-committees on conserved name, conserv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlorophyllum
''Chlorophyllum'' is a genus of large toadstools that are similar in appearance to the true parasol mushroom (''Macrolepiota''). The genus ''Chlorophyllum'' was originally created in 1898, a time when spore color was the deciding factor for differentiating genera. It was termed in order to describe the poisonous green-spored ''C. molybdites'' which shared many characteristics of the mushrooms within the genus ''Lepiota'' but lacked the all important white spores. The name derives from Greek ''Chloro'' meaning green and ''phyllo'' meaning leaf (or gill in this case). It remained as a monotypic genus until recently when modern DNA analyses concluded that many of the mushrooms contained in the genus ''Macrolepiota'' actually had more in common genetically with the ''Chlorophyllum molybdites'' than with the other members of the ''Macrolepiota''., Volume 16, Number 2, Fall 2006. The genus has a widespread distribution, with many species found in tropical regions. The best known ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type Species
In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological Type (biology), type wiktionary:en:specimen, specimen (or specimens). Article 67.1 A similar concept is used for suprageneric groups and called a type genus. In botanical nomenclature, these terms have no formal standing under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, code of nomenclature, but are sometimes borrowed from zoological nomenclature. In botany, the type of a genus name is a specimen (or, rarely, an illustration) which is also the type of a species name. The species name with that type can also be referred to as the type of the genus name. Names of genus and family ranks, the various subdivisions of those ranks, and some higher-rank names based on genus names, have suc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endoptychum Agaricoides
''Chlorophyllum agaricoides'', commonly known as the gasteroid lepiota, puffball parasol, false puffball, or puffball agaric, is a species of edible fungus belonging to the family Agaricaceae. Young specimens have been traditionally eaten by the Turkish for many years. It has a cosmopolitan distribution, with documented records from China, Mongolia, Bulgaria, and Turkey. It is also a protected species in Hungary, and is believed to be in decline across Europe due to habitat destruction. Description It is a secotioid mushroom, meaning its hymenium takes the form of a gleba made of underdeveloped gills, completely enclosed by the cap, which never fully opens. This protects the mushroom from desiccation. The cap is egg-shaped to spherical, often tapering upward to form a blunt, conical point 1–7cm wide and 2–10cm tall. It is white, and becomes dark brown with age. It is mostly smooth, with some small fibrils, though it may also develop fibrous scales. The gills are contorted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agaricus
''Agaricus'' is a genus of mushroom-forming fungi containing both edible and poisonous species, with over 400 members worldwide and possibly again as many disputed or newly discovered species. The genus includes the common ("button") mushroom ('' A. bisporus'') and the field mushroom ('' A. campestris''), the dominant cultivated mushrooms of the West. Taxonomy Several origins of genus name ''Agaricus'' have been proposed. It possibly originates from ancient Sarmatia Europaea, where people Agari, promontory Agarum and a river Agarus were known (all located on the northern shore of Sea of Azov, probably, near modern Berdiansk in Ukraine). Note also Greek , agarikón, "a sort of tree fungus" (There has been an ''Agaricon'' Adans. genus, treated by Donk in ''Persoonia'' 1:180.) For many years, members of the genus ''Agaricus'' were given the generic name ''Psalliota'', and this can still be seen in older books on mushrooms. All proposals to conserve ''Agaricus' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endoptychum Depressum
''Endoptychum'' is a genus of secotioid fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Like the majority of secotioid taxa, the individual species of ''Endoptychum'' are thought to be recent mutations from agaricoid species, hence, ''Endoptychum'' is likely not a valid monophyletic genus. So far, molecular phylogeny and morphology (biology), morphological study has revealed that ''Endoptychum depressum, E. depressum'' is a species of ''Agaricus'' and ''Endoptychum agaricoides, E. agaricoides'', the type species, is a species of ''Chlorophyllum''. ''E. depressum'' has been renamed ''Agaricus inapertus'' Vellinga.columellata within Agaricus, A., Phylogenetic placement of the secotioid fungus. Recognition of the name ''Chlorophyllum agaricoides'' (Czern.) Vellinga would entail deprecation of the entire genus name ''Endoptychum'' in favor of ''Chlorophyllum'' and awaits a formal decision of the International Botanical Congress. See also *List of Agaricaceae genera *List of Agarica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
