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Emperor Huai Of Jin
Emperor Huai of Jin (; 284 – March 14, 313), personal name Sima Chi (司馬熾), courtesy name Fengdu (豐度), was an emperor of the Jin dynasty. Emperor Huai was captured in July 311 ( Disaster of Yongjia) and later executed in 313 under the order of Liu Cong, ruler of the Xiongnu state of Han-Zhao. As Prince of Yuzhang and crown prince Sima Chi was one of the youngest sons of Sima Yan, the founding emperor of Jin, by his concubine Consort Wang Yuanji (王媛姬). Just prior to Emperor Wu's death in May 290, Prince Chi was created the Prince of Yuzhang on 22 December 289. During the early stages of the War of the Eight Princes during the reign of his developmentally disabled half-brother Sima Zhong, unlike the other princes fighting for power, Prince Chi did not involve himself in political or military matters, but spent his time studying history instead. In late 304, when Emperor Hui was forcibly taken from the capital Luoyang to Chang'an, then under the control of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family Name
In many societies, a surname, family name, or last name is the mostly hereditary portion of one's personal name that indicates one's family. It is typically combined with a given name to form the full name of a person, although several given names and surnames are possible in the full name. In modern times most surnames are hereditary, although in most countries a person has a right to name change, change their name. Depending on culture, the surname may be placed either at the start of a person's name, or at the end. The number of surnames given to an individual also varies: in most cases it is just one, but in Portuguese-speaking countries and many Spanish-speaking countries, two surnames (one inherited from the mother and another from the father) are used for legal purposes. Depending on culture, not all members of a family unit are required to have identical surnames. In some countries, surnames are modified depending on gender and family membership status of a person. C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War Of The Eight Princes
The War of the Eight Princes, Rebellion of the Eight Kings, or Rebellion of the Eight Princes ( zh, t=八王之亂, s=八王之乱, p=bā wáng zhī luàn, w=pa wang chih luan) was a series of coups and civil wars among kings/princes (Chinese: ''wáng'' 王) of the Chinese Jin dynasty (266–420)#Western Jin (266–316), Western Jin dynasty from 291 to 306 AD. The key point of contention in these conflicts was the paramountcy over the empire in light of the developmentally disabled Emperor Hui of Jin. The name of the conflict is derived from the biographies of the eight princes collected in Chapter 59 of the ''Book of Jin''. The "War of the Eight Princes" is somewhat of a misnomer: rather than one continuous conflict, the War of the Eight Princes saw intervals of peace interposed with short and intense periods of internecine conflict. At no point in the whole conflict were all of the eight princes on one side of the fighting (as opposed to, for example, the Rebellion of the Seven ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Five Barbarians
The Five Barbarians, or Wu Hu (), is a Chinese historical exonym for five ancient non- Han ''" Hu"'' peoples who immigrated to northern China in the Eastern Han dynasty, and then overthrew the Western Jin dynasty and established their own kingdoms in the 4th–5th centuries.''A History of Chinese Civilization'' Jacques Gernet, Cambridge University Press 1996 P.186-87Michio Tanigawa & Joshua Fogel, ''Medieval Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Empress
The word ''emperor'' (from , via ) can mean the male ruler of an empire. ''Empress'', the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife (empress consort), mother/grandmother (empress dowager/grand empress dowager), or a woman who rules in her own right and name (empress regnant or ''suo jure''). Emperors are generally recognized to be of the highest monarchic honour and rank, surpassing king. In Europe, the title of Emperor has been used since the Middle Ages, considered in those times equal or almost equal in dignity to that of Pope due to the latter's position as visible head of the Church and spiritual leader of the Catholic part of Western Europe. The emperor of Japan is the only currently reigning monarch whose title is translated into English as "Emperor". Both emperors and kings are monarchs or sovereigns, both emperor and empress are considered monarchical titles. In as much as there is a strict definition of emperor, it is that an emperor has no relations impl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liang Lanbi
Liang Lanbi (梁蘭璧; 300–311) was an empress during the Jin dynasty. Her husband was the ill-fated Sima Chi (Emperor Huai). Volume 138 of ''Taiping Yulan'' had a short biography on her, citing the ''Book of Jin'' authored by Zang Rongxu. She was also the last empress of the Western Jin, as her husband's nephew and successor Emperor Min was not recorded to have an empress during his reign. Very little is known about her, and she was not even listed in the biographies of the empresses in the ''Book of Jin'', the official history of the dynasty. She was from Anding, and her father was Liang Fen (梁芬), son of Liang Hongji (梁鸿季). She had married Sima Chi long before he became emperor (most probably during his tenure as Prince of Yuzhang, although the date is not known). When he was crown prince from February 305 to January 307, she carried the title of crown princess. When he became emperor on 11 January 307, she was created empress. Nothing further is known about her, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Empress Dowager
Empress dowager (also dowager empress or empress mother; ) is the English language translation of the title given to the mother or widow of a monarch, especially in regards to Chinese, Japanese, Korean, or Vietnamese monarchs in the Chinese cultural sphere. The term however, is applied well beyond just East Asia. The title was also given occasionally to another woman of the same generation, while a woman from the previous generation was sometimes given the title of grand empress dowager (). An empress dowager wielded power over the harem and imperial family. Numerous empress dowagers held regency during the reign of underage emperors. Many of the most prominent empress dowagers also extended their control for long periods after the emperor was old enough to govern. This was a source of political turmoil according to the traditional view of Chinese history. In Europe, the title dowager empress was given to the wife of a deceased Emperor of Russia or Holy Roman Emperor. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yang Xianrong
Yang Xianrong (羊獻容) (died 13 May 322), posthumous name (as honored by Former Zhao) Empress Xianwen (獻文皇后, literally "the wise and civil empress"), was an empress—uniquely in the history of China, for two different dynastic empires and two different emperors. Her first husband was Emperor Hui of Jin, and her second husband was Liu Yao of Former Zhao. Also unique was that she was deposed four times and restored four times as empress of the Western Jin (five, if one counts the brief usurpation by Sima Lun against her husband in 301). Background and as empress of Jin Yang Xianrong was from Taishan Commandery (roughly modern Tai'an, Shandong). Her father was the mid-level official Yang Xuanzhi. Her maternal grandfather was the general Sun Qi, a distant relative of Sun Xiu, the chief strategist for Sima Lun the Prince of Zhao. Therefore, after Sima Lun and Sun overthrew Empress Jia Nanfeng in May 300, Sun had Yang Xianrong selected as the new empress in December of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sima Yue
Sima Yue (司馬越) (died 23 April 311), courtesy name Yuanchao (元超), formally Prince Xiaoxian of Donghai (東海孝獻王), was a Jin dynasty (266–420), Western Jin imperial prince and regent for Emperor Hui of Jin, Emperor Hui and Emperor Huai of Jin, Emperor Huai. He was the last of eight princes commonly associated with the War of the Eight Princes. A distant relative of Emperor Hui of Jin, Sima Yue entered the conflict after he betrayed the Prince of Changsha, Sima Ai, taking the emperor for himself and waging war against the Prince of Chengdu, Sima Ying and the Prince of Hejian, Sima Yong. By late 306, he was victorious and established himself as paramount authority behind Emperor Hui and then Emperor Huai of Jin. However, due to the repercussions of the civil wars, he presided over an empire rife with rebellions and famines. Sima Yue controlled Emperor Huai and his court with an iron fist while he campaigned for many years against the Han-Zhao, Han-Zhao dynasty and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sima Tan (Jin Dynasty)
Sima Tan (295 – 24 March 308) was a crown prince of the Western Jin. He was installed to the position in 302 to serve as heir apparent for his uncle, Emperor Hui of Jin, but was removed in 304. After his removal, there were several plots to restore him to the position before he was finally put to death by the Prince of Donghai, Sima Yue in 308. Life Background Sima Tan was born the eldest son to Sima Xia (司馬遐; 273 - 15 July 300), Prince Kang of Qinghe and the 13th son of Emperor Wu of Jin, and Xia's wife Lady Zhou (周氏). Lady Zhou's father was Zhou Hui (周恢) and her mother was a paternal aunt of Sima Yue, Prince Xiaoxian of Donghai, and daughter of Sima Kui, brother of Sima Xia's great-grandfather Sima Yi. According to a story in his biography in ''Book of Jin'', while Tan was still his father's heir, he wore a golden bell that one day shrivelled up like millet. A fortune teller believe that the gold represented the prosperity of the Jin dynasty, and was a good ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crown Prince
A crown prince or hereditary prince is the heir apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy. The female form of the title, crown princess, is held by a woman who is heir apparent or is married to the heir apparent. ''Crown prince'' as a descriptive term has been used throughout history for the prince who is first-in-line to a throne and is expected to succeed (i.e. the heir apparent), barring any unforeseen future event preventing this. In certain monarchies, a more specific substantive title may be accorded and become associated with the position of heir apparent (e.g. Prince of Wales in the United Kingdom, Prince of Asturias in the Spain, Kingdom of Spain and formerly the Dauphin of France, Dauphin in Kingdom of France, France). In these monarchies, the term crown prince may be used less often than the substantive title (or never). Until the late twentieth century, no modern monarchy adopted a system whereby females would be guaranteed to succeed to the throne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sima Yong
Sima Yong (司馬顒) (before 274 - late January 307), courtesy name Wenzai (文載), was a Jin dynasty imperial prince and briefly a regent for Emperor Hui. He was the seventh of eight princes commonly associated with the War of the Eight Princes. His title was the Prince of Hejian (河間王), but he did not receive any posthumous names. Though a distant cousin of Emperor Hui, Sima Yong was garrisoned at the important city of Chang'an to guard the Guanzhong region. When the Prince of Zhao, Sima Lun usurped the throne in 301, Sima Yong initially sided with him, but later joined the Prince of Qi, Sima Jiong, and the Prince of Chengdu, Sima Ying, in their coalition to restore Emperor Hui. After the restoration, Sima Yong, intending to claim more imperial power, rekindled his alliance with Sima Ying at Ye, who vied to become crown prince. They campaigned against Sima Jiong and then the Prince of Changsha, Sima Ai at Luoyang for control over Emperor Hui, eventually succeed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regent
In a monarchy, a regent () is a person appointed to govern a state because the actual monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge their powers and duties, or the throne is vacant and a new monarch has not yet been determined. The rule of a regent or regents is called a regency. A regent or regency council may be formed ''ad hoc'' or in accordance with a constitutional rule. ''Regent'' is sometimes a formal title granted to a monarch's most trusted advisor or personal assistant. If the regent is holding the position due to their being in the line of succession, the compound term '' prince regent'' is often used; if the regent of a minor is their mother, and she is wife or widow of the king, she would be referred to as ''queen regent''. If the formally appointed regent is unavailable or cannot serve on a temporary basis, a may be appointed to fill the gap. In a monarchy, a regent usually governs due to one of these reasons, but may also be elected to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
