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Dunhuang Go Classic
''The Dunhuang Go Manual'' or ''Dunhuang Go Classic'' or simply the ''Classic of Go'' () is the earliest surviving manual on the strategic board game of Go (). Dating from the 6th century and written in Chinese, it exists as a single manuscript that was discovered in the 'Library Cave' of the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, China by Aurel Stein in 1907, and which is now in the collection of the British Library in London, England. The British Library manuscript The manuscript (Or.8210/S.5574) is a paper scroll 15.5 cm high and 240 cm long. The hand-written text comprises 159 lines of about 15–17 characters per line. The handwriting is cursive, and in places untidy and hard to read, with many obvious transcription errors. The manuscript is incomplete, with probably three to five lines of text (45–75 characters) missing at the beginning. The end of the manuscript is intact, and gives the title of the text as ''Qi Jing'' (碁經) "Classic of Go", and notes that it is co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Library Dunhuang Go Manual
British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies. * British national identity, the characteristics of British people and culture * British English, the English language as spoken and written in United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and, more broadly, throughout the British Isles * Celtic Britons, an ancient ethno-linguistic group * Brittonic languages, a branch of the Insular Celtic language family (formerly called British) ** Common Brittonic, an ancient language Other uses *People or things associated with: ** Great Britain, an island ** British Isles, an island group ** United Kingdom, a sovereign state ** British Empire, a historical global colonial empire ** Kingdom of Great Britain (1707–1800) ** United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922) * British Raj, colonial India under the British Empire * British Hong Kong, colonial Ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yuwen Tai
Yuwen Tai () (505/7 – 21 November 556According to Yuwen Tai's biography in ''Book of Zhou'', he died aged 52 (by East Asian reckoning) on the ''yihai'' day of the 10th month of the 3rd year of the reign of Emperor Gong of Western Wei. This corresponds to 21 Nov 556 in the Julian calendar. ( ��恭帝三年��十月乙亥，崩于云阳宫，还长安发丧。时年五十二。) ''Zhou Shu'', vol.02. Thus by calculation, his birth year should be 505. However, his biography in ''History of the Northern Dynasties'' recorded that he was 50 (by East Asian reckoning) when he died. (帝薨于云阳宫，还长安发丧，时年五十。) ''Bei Shi'', vol.09. If this account is correct, his birth year would be 507. Note that both ''Zhou Shu'' and ''Bei Shi'' gave the same date of death.), nickname Heita (黑獺), formally Duke Wen of Anding (安定文公), later further posthumously honored by Northern Zhou initially as Prince Wen (文王) then as Emperor Wen (文皇帝) with the temple ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Go Terms
Players of the game of Go often use jargon to describe situations on the board and surrounding the game. Such technical terms are likely to be encountered in books and articles about Go in English as well as other languages. Many of these terms have been borrowed from Japanese, mostly when no short equivalent English term could be found. This article gives an overview of the most important terms. Use of Japanese terms Although Go originated in China, the current English and Western technical vocabulary borrows a high proportion of terms from the Japanese language because it was through Japan that the West was introduced to Go. Many of these terms are from a jargon used for technical Go writing and are to some extent specially developed for Go journalism. Some authors of English-language Go materials avoid use of Japanese technical terms, and the way they are applied can differ in subtle ways from the original meanings. A few Korean-language terms have come into use (e.g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ko Fight
A ''ko'' ( Japanese: コウ, 劫, ''kō'', from the translation of the Sanskrit term kalpa) fight is a tactical and strategic phase that can arise in the game of Go. ''Ko'' threats and ''ko'' fights The existence of ''ko'' fights is implied by the rule of ko, a special rule of the game that prevents immediate repetition of position, by a short 'loop' in which a single stone is captured, and another single stone immediately taken back. The rule states that the immediate recapture is forbidden, for one turn only. This gives rise to the following procedure: the 'banned' player makes a play, which may have no particular good qualities, but which demands an instant reply. Then the ban has come to its end, and recapture is possible. This kind of distracting play is termed a ''ko threat''. If White, say, chooses to play a ko threat, and Black responds to the threat instead of ending the ko in some fashion, then White can recapture the stone that began the ko. This places Black in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Han Dynasty
The Han dynasty was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China (202 BC9 AD, 25–220 AD) established by Liu Bang and ruled by the House of Liu. The dynasty was preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and a warring interregnum known as the Chu–Han Contention (206–202 BC), and it was succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD). The dynasty was briefly interrupted by the Xin dynasty (9–23 AD) established by the usurping regent Wang Mang, and is thus separated into two periods—the #Western Han (202 BC – 9 AD), Western Han (202 BC9 AD) and the #Eastern Han (25–220 AD), Eastern Han (25–220 AD). Spanning over four centuries, the Han dynasty is considered a Golden ages of China, golden age in Chinese history, and had a permanent impact on Chinese identity in later periods. The majority ethnic group of modern China refer to themselves as the "Han people" or "Han Chinese". The spoken Chinese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ecliptic
The ecliptic or ecliptic plane is the orbital plane of Earth's orbit, Earth around the Sun. It was a central concept in a number of ancient sciences, providing the framework for key measurements in astronomy, astrology and calendar-making. From the perspective of an observer on Earth, the Sun's movement around the celestial sphere over the course of a year traces out a path along the ecliptic against the fixed stars, background of stars – specifically the Zodiac constellations. The planets of the Solar System can also be seen along the ecliptic, because their orbital planes are very close to Earth's. The Moon's orbital plane is also similar to Earth's; the ecliptic is so named because the ancients noted that eclipses only occur when the Moon is crossing it. The ecliptic is an important Plane of reference, reference plane and is the basis of the ecliptic coordinate system. Ancient scientists were able to calculate Earth's axial tilt by comparing the ecliptic plane to that of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Life And Death
Life and death (死活) is a fundamental concept in the game of Go, where the status of a specific group of stones is determined as either being "alive", where they may remain on the board indefinitely, or "dead", where the group will be "captured" and removed from the board. The basic idea can be summarized by: Explanation The concept of life and death is a consequence of two basic Go rules. * A group of stones with no liberties is captured. * A stone may not be played on a position where it will be captured directly, unless it directly captures another group. Because of these rules, some groups can never be captured (and thus are ''alive''), while others cannot avoid capture (and thus are ''dead'' even if they have not yet been removed from the board). The group at a is not alive, but may become alive, so is ''unsettled''. The group at b is ''dead''. The group at c and d is ''alive''. Examples See the diagram on the right, and suppose white tries to capture the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shape (Go)
In the game of Go (board game), Go, shape describes the positional qualities of a group of stones. Descriptions of shapes in go revolve around how well a group creates or removes Go (board game)#Strategy, life and territory. ''Good shape'' can refer to the efficient use of stones in outlining territory, the strength of a group in a prospective fight, or making eye shapes so that a group may Go (board game)#Rules, live. ''Bad shapes'' are inefficient in outlining territory and are heavy. Heavy groups cannot easily make eye shapes and are therefore good targets for attack. Understanding and recognizing the difference between good shape and bad is an essential step in becoming a stronger player. Shape is not a rule; the surrounding position must always be taken into account. While it is useful for beginners to learn the common good and bad shapes presented here, sometimes a usually bad shape can be the best shape to play locally. This can be true if it forces the opponent to create an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ladder (Go)
In the game of Go, a ,() is a basic sequence of moves in which an attacker pursues a group in atari in a zig-zag pattern across the board. If there are no intervening stones, the group will hit the edge of the board and be captured. The sequence is so basic that there is a Go proverb saying "''if you don't know ladders, don't play Go.''" The ladder tactic fails if there are stones supporting those being chased close enough to the diagonal path of the ladder. Such a failing ladder is called a broken ladder. Secondary double threat tactics around ladders, involving playing a stone in such a way as to break the ladder and also create some other possibility, are potentially very complex. Such a play is called a ''ladder breaker''. A ladder can require reading 50 or more moves ahead, which even amateur players can do, as most of the moves are forced. Although ladders are one of the first techniques which human players learn, AlphaGo Zero was only able to handle them much later in it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhuge Liang
Zhuge Liang () (181September or October 234), also commonly known by his courtesy name Kongming, was a Chinese statesman, strategist, and inventor who lived through the End of the Han dynasty, end of the Eastern Han dynasty ( 184–220) and the early Three Kingdoms period (220–280) of China. During the Three Kingdoms period, he served as the Chancellor (China), Imperial Chancellor (or Prime Minister) of the state of Shu Han (221–263) from its founding in 221 and later as regent from 223 until his death in September or October 234. He is recognised as the most accomplished strategist of his era. His reputation as an intelligent and cultured scholar grew even while he was living in relative seclusion, earning him the nickname "Wolong" or "Fulong" (both meaning "Sleeping Dragon"). Zhuge Liang's methods of administration drew both from Legalism (Chinese philosophy), Legalism as well as Confucianism. He was critical of the Legalist thought of Shang Yang, and advocated benevole ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chen Ping (Han Dynasty)
Chen Ping (; died November 179 BC), posthumously known as Marquis Xian of Quni (), was a Chinese politician who served as a chancellor during the early Han dynasty. He was a key adviser to Liu Bang (Emperor Gaozu), the founding emperor of the Han dynasty, and had played a significant role in aiding Liu Bang overcome his rival Xiang Yu during the Chu–Han Contention (206–202 BC). Early life Chen Ping was born in a peasant family in Huyou Town (), Yangwu County (), which is in present-day Lankao County, Henan. As his parents died when he was young, he was raised by his elder brother, who worked as a farmer on the 30 '' mu'' of land owned by their family. Since he was a child, he was known for being studious and for having an ambition to serve the country. Not long later, the townsfolk nominated Chen Ping to be their ''shezai'' (; a local leader). Chen Ping distributed meat equally to his fellow townsfolk, and they praised him for being just and fair. Chen Ping once said, "I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yulin Cave 32 Mural Weiqi
Yulin may refer to the following places in China: Cities and prefectures *Yulin, Guangxi (玉林市), a prefecture-level city in Guangxi *Yulin, Shaanxi (榆林市), a prefecture-level city in Shaanxi *Yulin Prefecture (鬱林州), a prefecture between the 7th and 20th centuries in modern Guangxi Subdistricts * Yulin Subdistrict, Fushun (榆林街道), in Xinfu District, Fushun, Liaoning * Yulin Subdistrict, Chengdu (玉林街道), in Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan *Yulin Subdistrict, Xinchang County (羽林街道), in Xinchang County, Zhejiang Towns *Yulin, Lanxi County (榆林镇), in Lanxi County, Heilongjiang *Yulin, Inner Mongolia (榆林镇), in Saihan District, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia *Yulin, Jilin (榆林镇), in Ji'an, Jilin *Yulin, Sichuan (玉林镇), in Santai County, Sichuan Townships *Yulin Township, Chongqing (鱼鳞乡), in Wuxi County, Chongqing *Yulin Township, Gansu (榆林乡), in Linxia County, Gansu *Yulin Township, Heilongjiang (育林乡), in Mingshui Cou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
