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Disperse Dye
Disperse dye is a category of synthetic dye intended for polyester and related hydrophobic fibers. Disperse dyes are polar molecules containing anthraquinone or azo groups. It is estimated that 85% of disperse dyes are azos or anthraquinone dyes. History The history of disperse dye production is closely related to the synthesis of cellulose acetate fibres. Disperse dyes were invented in 1923-24. Fundamentals of dyeing Disperse dyes are non-ionic in nature and partially soluble in water. The interaction of dye molecule and polymer takes place with Van der Waals and dipole forces. Disperse dyes have better diffusion at boiling to a higher temperature. Examples * Disperse Blue dyes, especially 106 and 124, are common causes of contact allergy. * Disperse Orange 1 is an azo dye. * Disperse Red 9 is a red dye derived from anthraquinone. * Disperse Red 11, also called C.I. 62015 and 1,4-diamino-2-methoxy anthraquinone, is another anthraquinone dye. * Disperse Red 60 is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Disperse Yellow 42
Disperse Yellow 42, or 4-anilino-3-nitrobenzenesulfonanilide, is a disperse dye that is primarily used to dye polyester fibers. It is prepared by the reaction of two equivalents of aniline with 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride Benzenesulfonyl chloride is an organosulfur compound with the formula C6H5SO2Cl. It is a colourless viscous oil that dissolves in organic solvents, but reacts with compounds containing reactive N-H and O-H bonds. It is mainly used to prepare sulfo .... An estimated 10,000 tons were prepared in 1990, making Disperse Yellow 42 the nitro dye produced on the largest scale.{{cite journal, doi=10.1016/0143-7208(92)80044-N, title=An approach to the design of lightfast disperse dyes-analogs of disperse yellow 42, year=1992, last1=Freeman, first1=Harold S., last2=Posey, first2=James C., journal=Dyes and Pigments, volume=20, issue=3, pages=171–195 References Nitrobenzene derivatives Dyes Sulfonamides ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Disperse Orange 1
Disperse Orange 1, or 4-anilino-4'-nitroazobenzene, is an azo dye. Commercial samples contain approximately 25% dye by weight, with the remaining mass consisting of NaCl and other salts. This dye is useful in conducting experiments with flash photolysis due to the isomerization In chemistry, isomerization or isomerisation is the process in which a molecule, polyatomic ion or molecular fragment is transformed into an isomer with a different chemical structure. Enolization is an example of isomerization, as is tautomer ... effect between the trans-4A4N and cis-4A4N states that occurs during photo relaxation.Wildes, P. D.; Pacifici, J. G.; Irick, G.; Whitten, D. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1971, 93, 2004. References {{reflist Azo dyes 4-Nitrophenyl compounds Anilines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aniline
Aniline (From , meaning ' indigo shrub', and ''-ine'' indicating a derived substance) is an organic compound with the formula . Consisting of a phenyl group () attached to an amino group (), aniline is the simplest aromatic amine. It is an industrially significant commodity chemical, as well as a versatile starting material for fine chemical synthesis. Its main use is in the manufacture of precursors to polyurethane, dyes, and other industrial chemicals. Like most volatile amines, it has the odor of rotten fish. It ignites readily, burning with a smoky flame characteristic of aromatic compounds. It is toxic to humans. Relative to benzene, aniline is "electron-rich". It thus participates more rapidly in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Likewise, it is also prone to oxidation: while freshly purified aniline is an almost colorless oil, exposure to air results in gradual darkening to yellow or red, due to the formation of strongly colored, oxidized impurities. Ani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Disperse Yellow 42
Disperse Yellow 42, or 4-anilino-3-nitrobenzenesulfonanilide, is a disperse dye that is primarily used to dye polyester fibers. It is prepared by the reaction of two equivalents of aniline with 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride Benzenesulfonyl chloride is an organosulfur compound with the formula C6H5SO2Cl. It is a colourless viscous oil that dissolves in organic solvents, but reacts with compounds containing reactive N-H and O-H bonds. It is mainly used to prepare sulfo .... An estimated 10,000 tons were prepared in 1990, making Disperse Yellow 42 the nitro dye produced on the largest scale.{{cite journal, doi=10.1016/0143-7208(92)80044-N, title=An approach to the design of lightfast disperse dyes-analogs of disperse yellow 42, year=1992, last1=Freeman, first1=Harold S., last2=Posey, first2=James C., journal=Dyes and Pigments, volume=20, issue=3, pages=171–195 References Nitrobenzene derivatives Dyes Sulfonamides ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Disperse Yellow 26
Disperse Yellow 26, or 4-chloro-2-nitrodiphenylamine, is a disperse dye. The dye is used in polyamide and vinegar fiber dyeing. Disperse Yellow 26 is produced by the condensation of aniline Aniline (From , meaning ' indigo shrub', and ''-ine'' indicating a derived substance) is an organic compound with the formula . Consisting of a phenyl group () attached to an amino group (), aniline is the simplest aromatic amine. It is an in ... and 1,4-dichloro-2-nitrobenzene. References {{Dyeing Dyes Nitrobenzene derivatives Anilines Chlorobenzene derivatives ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Disperse Red 60
Disperse Red 60, or 1-amino-4-hydroxy-2-phenoxyanthraquinone, is a popular disperse dye of the anthraquinone Anthraquinone, also called anthracenedione or dioxoanthracene, is an aromatic hydrocarbon, aromatic organic compound with formula . Several isomers exist but these terms usually refer to 9,10-anthraquinone (IUPAC: 9,10-dioxoanthracene) wherein th ... family of dyes. It is a dark red solid that is insoluble in water but soluble in dichloromethane. Because Disperse Red 60 is produced on a large scale, its disposal or degradation has received considerable attention.{{cite journal, doi=10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.07.030, title=Degradation of dyes in aqueous solutions by the Fenton process, year=2004, last1=Xu, first1=Xiang-Rong, last2=Li, first2=Hua-Bin, last3=Wang, first3=Wen-Hua, last4=Gu, first4=Ji-Dong, journal=Chemosphere, volume=57, issue=7, pages=595–600, pmid=15488921, bibcode=2004Chmsp..57..595X, url=http://ir.rcees.ac.cn/handle/311016/23586, url-access=subscription ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Disperse Red 11
Disperse Red 11, or 1,4-diamino-2-methoxyanthraquinone, is a red disperse dye derived from anthraquinone. It is water insoluble. Disperse Red 11 can be used in plastics and textiles industry to dye polyvinylchloride, polyester, polyamide, and polyurethane materials, such as synthetic fibers and foams. It is also used in cosmetics and in some red and violet-red colored smoke Colored smoke is a kind of smoke created by an particulate, aerosol of small particles of a suitable pigment or dye. Colored smoke can be used for smoke signals, often in a military context. It can be produced by smoke grenades, or by various ... formulations. References {{reflist Anthraquinone dyes Phenol ethers Aromatic amines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthraquinone
Anthraquinone, also called anthracenedione or dioxoanthracene, is an aromatic hydrocarbon, aromatic organic compound with formula . Several isomers exist but these terms usually refer to 9,10-anthraquinone (IUPAC: 9,10-dioxoanthracene) wherein the ketone, keto groups are located on the central ring. It is used as a digester additive to Pulp (paper), wood pulp for papermaking. Many Anthraquinones, anthraquinone derivatives are generated by organisms or synthesised industrially for use as Anthraquinone dyes, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and Catalysis, catalysts. Anthraquinone is a yellow, highly crystalline solid, poorly solubility, soluble in water but soluble in hot organic solvents. It is almost completely insoluble in ethanol near room temperature but 2.25 g will dissolve in 100 g of boiling ethanol. It is found in nature as the rare mineral hoelite. Synthesis There are several current industrial methods to produce 9,10-anthraquinone: # The oxidation of anthracene. Chromium(VI) is the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Disperse Red 9
Disperse Red 9, or 1-(methylamino)anthraquinone, is a red dye derived from anthraquinone. Disperse Red 9 is used in some older red and violet-red colored smoke formulations. It is used in the M18 colored smoke grenade and also often in dye packs. Its smoke-producing properties can be improved by coating the dye particles with an inert material, e.g. an epoxy resin Epoxy is the family of basic components or cured end products of epoxy resins. Epoxy resins, also known as polyepoxides, are a class of reactive prepolymers and polymers which contain epoxide groups. The epoxide functional group is also co .... References Anthraquinone dyes Aromatic amines Secondary amines {{aromatic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Contact Allergy
Contact dermatitis is a type of acute or chronic inflammation of the skin caused by exposure to chemical or physical agents. Symptoms of contact dermatitis can include itchy or dry skin, a red rash, bumps, blisters, or swelling. These rashes are not contagious or life-threatening, but can be very uncomfortable. Contact dermatitis results from either exposure to allergens (allergic contact dermatitis), or irritants (irritant contact dermatitis). Allergic contact dermatitis involves a delayed type of hypersensitivity and previous exposure to an allergen to produce a reaction. Irritant contact dermatitis is the most common type and represents 80% of all cases. It is caused by prolonged exposure to irritants, leading to direct injury of the epidermal cells of the skin, which activates an immune response, resulting in an inflammatory cutaneous reaction. Phototoxic dermatitis occurs when the allergen or irritant is activated by sunlight. Diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis can ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyester
Polyester is a category of polymers that contain one or two ester linkages in every repeat unit of their main chain. As a specific material, it most commonly refers to a type called polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Polyesters include some naturally occurring chemicals, such as those found in plants and insects. Natural polyesters and a few synthetic ones are biodegradable, but most synthetic polyesters are not. Synthetic polyesters are used extensively in clothing. Polyester fibers are sometimes spun together with natural fibers to produce a cloth with blended properties. Cotton-polyester blends can be strong, wrinkle- and tear-resistant, and reduce shrinking. Synthetic fibers using polyester have high water, wind, and environmental resistance compared to plant-derived fibers. They are less Fireproofing, fire-resistant and can melt when ignited. Liquid crystalline polyesters are among the first industrially used liquid crystal polymers. They are used for their mechanical propert ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Disperse Blue
Disperse blue dyes are blue-colored disperse dyes. Disperse dyes are used to color textiles. Disperse blue dyes are used to produce blue and other dark colors. Like other disperse dyes, they are only slightly soluble in water. However, they can be a source of water pollution. Disperse blue dyes, especially Disperse Blue 106 and Disperse Blue 124, have a higher than usual prevalence of textile dermatitis. This means that people who are allergic to the dyes may develop allergic symptoms (e.g., a rash) when they wear clothes that have been colored with these dyes. Types There are hundreds of disperse blue dyes. This table lists only a few. Some disperse dyes are also solvent dyes; for example, Disperse Blue 1 is the same chemical as Solvent Blue 18. Uses Disperse blue dyes are used for dyeing synthetic fibers, such as fabric made from nylon or polyester. Allergies Some patch testing kits for allergens include a mix of Disperse Blue 106 and Disperse Blue 124, and oth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
